Polyploidy is a major factor in the evolution of plants,yet we know little about the origin and evolution of polyploidy in intertidal species.This study aimed to identify the evolutionary transitions in three truemang...Polyploidy is a major factor in the evolution of plants,yet we know little about the origin and evolution of polyploidy in intertidal species.This study aimed to identify the evolutionary transitions in three truemangrove species of the genus Acanthus distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region.For this purpose,we took an integrative approach that combined data on morphology,cytology,climatic niche,phylogeny,and biogeography of 493 samples from 42 geographic sites.Our results show that the Acanthus ilicifolius lineage distributed east of the Thai-Malay Peninsula possesses a tetraploid karyotype,which is morphologically distinct from that of the lineage on the west side.The haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees for the chloroplast genome and eight nuclear genes reveal that the tetraploid species has two sub-genomes,one each from A.ilicifolius and A.ebracteatus,the paternal and maternal parents,respectively.Population structure analysis also supports the hybrid speciation history of the new tetraploid species.The two sub-genomes of the tetraploid species diverged from their diploid progenitors during the Pleistocene.Environmental niche models revealed that the tetraploid species not only occupied the near-entire niche space of the diploids,but also expanded into novel environments.Our findings suggest that A.ilicifolius species distributed on the east side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula should be regarded as a new species,A.tetraploideus,which originated from hybridization between A.ilicifolius and A.ebracteatus,followed by chromosome doubling.This is the first report of a true-mangrove allopolyploid species that can reproduce sexually and clonally reproduction,which explains the long-term adaptive potential of the species.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the feasibility of using colchicine to induce polyploidy from the buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza.[Method] The buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza were induced by colchicine.[Res...[Objective] The aim was to study the feasibility of using colchicine to induce polyploidy from the buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza.[Method] The buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza were induced by colchicine.[Result] When the concentration of colchicine supplemented in culture medium was 12 mg/L,the induction rate of polyploidy was the highest（36.6%）,but its survival rate was only 16.7%.When the concentration of colchicine was 8 mg/L,the induction rate of polyploidy was 15.9%,and its survival rate was up to 40.0%.Polyploidy plant of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza was strong and had thick,large and dark leaves,and long stomata on the lower epidermis of leaves had small density.[Conclusion] Colchicine could induce buds effectively,and the polyploidy breeding material of Salvia miltiorrhiza was obtained,which laid a foundation for shortening breeding process.展开更多
Dasiphora fruticosa comprises male,female and hermaphrodite plants,which are distributed sympatrically in some populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To explore what governs the coexistence of these three sexual phe...Dasiphora fruticosa comprises male,female and hermaphrodite plants,which are distributed sympatrically in some populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To explore what governs the coexistence of these three sexual phenotypes,we investigated the DNA contents,pollen and ovule production,pollen deposition,and performed hand-pollination in both hermaphroditic and dioecious individuals of D.fruticosa.Flow cytometry confirmed that the DNA content of males and females were almost twice as much as that of the hermaphrodites.Male and female flowers produced more pollen grains and ovules than hermaphroditic flowers.Hand-pollinated treatments showed that unisexual flowers were sterile in one sexual function and bisexual flowers were fertile for both functions,but no sterile seeds were produced between unisexual and bisexual flowers.Our findings imply that polyploidy is related to gender dimorphism,and both are likely to play a strong role in the coexistence of two cryptic biological species of D.fruticosa(low ploidy hermaphroditic species and high ploidy dioecious species)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
Possibility of polyploidy induction by colchicine in “Balady” mandarins was investigated in vitro. Seeds were immersed in different concentrations of colchicine solutions (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for different ...Possibility of polyploidy induction by colchicine in “Balady” mandarins was investigated in vitro. Seeds were immersed in different concentrations of colchicine solutions (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for different durations (12, 24 and 48 hr), then cultured in vitro on MS medium at half strength. Seed survival percentage decreased by increasing colchicine concentration and duration of treatment showing the lowest percentage at 0.2% for 48 hr. The highest DNA content was recorded at 0.2% for 24 hr. Stomata No. per unit area was decreased by colchicine treatments;moreover stomata length and width were studied. The results indicated that colchicine treatment at 0.1% for 48 hr had the highest tetraploid induction efficiency percentage.展开更多
Tea （Camellia sinensis L.） represents different ploidy levels. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent data on the diploid, aneuploid and polyploid formed their origin and chemically induced polyploidy and pred...Tea （Camellia sinensis L.） represents different ploidy levels. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent data on the diploid, aneuploid and polyploid formed their origin and chemically induced polyploidy and predicted it role in teagenetic improvement for better yield. Different polidy levels had different effects on tea physiology. Tetraploid and triploid had more vigour and hardness due to increased size of cells, while triploid could have even more vigours due to increased size of cells and sterilities. Chemically induced polyploidy had been found an important tool for improving plant physiology and production, therefore, induced polyploids should be produced to overcome the problem of low yield and limited rainfall in tea growing areas.展开更多
An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot dive...An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.展开更多
This study was planned to assess genetic variation in Jatropha curcas as affected by colchichine treatments. During the experiment, seeds of Jatropha curcas were collected from mature and healthy Jatropha plants and w...This study was planned to assess genetic variation in Jatropha curcas as affected by colchichine treatments. During the experiment, seeds of Jatropha curcas were collected from mature and healthy Jatropha plants and were soaked in different concentrations of colchicines. The second treatment was that of time of soaking (seeds were soaked in different concentrations for different time durations). The results clearly revealed that by increasing the concentration of colchicine treatment, parameters like stomatal density, and size of the guard cells were reduced.展开更多
Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization ...Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization were investigated on morphological,physiological and phytochemical traits.Different colchicine treatments(0,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7% concentrations)for 24,36 and 48 h and oryzalin treatments(0,0.001%,0.002% and 0.004% concentrations)for 4,6 and 8 h were used.A sterile basal plate of bulbs was used for the induction of polyploidy in liquid and solid media.After obtaining plantlets,root tip chromosomes were counted for the determination of ploidy levels.Flow cytometry was performed to confirm the chromosome counting results.The regenerated diploid and tetraploid plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions.Colchicine and oryzalin were both successful in inducing polyploids and the polyploids induced were tetraploids and mixoploids.The highest induction of polyploidy was obtained in solid media using 0.5%(w/v)colchicine for 36 h(35.0% polyploidy induction)and in 0.001%(w/v)Oryzalin for 8 h(45.5% polyploidy induction).Differences in plantlet height and weight,bulblet weight,density,stomatal width and length,and chlorophyll content were observed between tetraploid and diploid plants.Chromosome duplication,as a result of tetraploid induction,significantly influenced the antioxidant content and enzyme activities.The results showed that total phenolic content,allicin,and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the tetraploid plantlets than that in the diploid plantlets.SRAP loci polymorphisms indicated that the 12 autotetraploid plants(with high allicin content)had different genotypes from the parental diploid plant.Besides,in vitro polyploidy induction not only duplicated chromosomes but also altered the DNA sequence in Allium hirtifolium.In vitro induction of tetraploids in A.hirtifolium can be a reliable way to obtain suitable plant material for breeding programs to generate new genotypic variations.展开更多
慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染(chronic hepatitis B infection,CHB)诱导肝细胞的染色体超倍化(包括非整倍化和多倍化)及染色体不稳定性,是导致原发性肝细胞癌(primary hepatocytic carcinoma,HCC)发生的主要原因之一.尽管肝细胞对于正常条件下...慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染(chronic hepatitis B infection,CHB)诱导肝细胞的染色体超倍化(包括非整倍化和多倍化)及染色体不稳定性,是导致原发性肝细胞癌(primary hepatocytic carcinoma,HCC)发生的主要原因之一.尽管肝细胞对于正常条件下染色体复制的多倍体化具有调节作用,但对于CHB引起的超倍化难以调节从而致癌.研究表明,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)使得多条信号途径如PLK1/PRC1失调,诱导肝细胞染色体超倍化并发生恶性转化.本论文综述了HBV感染诱导肝细胞染色体超倍化导致肝癌发生的机制以及靶向染色体超倍化药物研究的最新进展.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32160051,42076117,and 41776166)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant Nos.2022A1515012015,2023A1515012772)the Foreign Cultural and Educational Experts Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No.QNJ2021162001L)。
文摘Polyploidy is a major factor in the evolution of plants,yet we know little about the origin and evolution of polyploidy in intertidal species.This study aimed to identify the evolutionary transitions in three truemangrove species of the genus Acanthus distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region.For this purpose,we took an integrative approach that combined data on morphology,cytology,climatic niche,phylogeny,and biogeography of 493 samples from 42 geographic sites.Our results show that the Acanthus ilicifolius lineage distributed east of the Thai-Malay Peninsula possesses a tetraploid karyotype,which is morphologically distinct from that of the lineage on the west side.The haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees for the chloroplast genome and eight nuclear genes reveal that the tetraploid species has two sub-genomes,one each from A.ilicifolius and A.ebracteatus,the paternal and maternal parents,respectively.Population structure analysis also supports the hybrid speciation history of the new tetraploid species.The two sub-genomes of the tetraploid species diverged from their diploid progenitors during the Pleistocene.Environmental niche models revealed that the tetraploid species not only occupied the near-entire niche space of the diploids,but also expanded into novel environments.Our findings suggest that A.ilicifolius species distributed on the east side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula should be regarded as a new species,A.tetraploideus,which originated from hybridization between A.ilicifolius and A.ebracteatus,followed by chromosome doubling.This is the first report of a true-mangrove allopolyploid species that can reproduce sexually and clonally reproduction,which explains the long-term adaptive potential of the species.
基金Supported by Industrial Scientific Special Project of Ministry of Agriculture(200803034)Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(200903017)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the feasibility of using colchicine to induce polyploidy from the buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza.[Method] The buds of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza were induced by colchicine.[Result] When the concentration of colchicine supplemented in culture medium was 12 mg/L,the induction rate of polyploidy was the highest（36.6%）,but its survival rate was only 16.7%.When the concentration of colchicine was 8 mg/L,the induction rate of polyploidy was 15.9%,and its survival rate was up to 40.0%.Polyploidy plant of Shandong Salvia miltiorrhiza was strong and had thick,large and dark leaves,and long stomata on the lower epidermis of leaves had small density.[Conclusion] Colchicine could induce buds effectively,and the polyploidy breeding material of Salvia miltiorrhiza was obtained,which laid a foundation for shortening breeding process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31570385)
文摘Dasiphora fruticosa comprises male,female and hermaphrodite plants,which are distributed sympatrically in some populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To explore what governs the coexistence of these three sexual phenotypes,we investigated the DNA contents,pollen and ovule production,pollen deposition,and performed hand-pollination in both hermaphroditic and dioecious individuals of D.fruticosa.Flow cytometry confirmed that the DNA content of males and females were almost twice as much as that of the hermaphrodites.Male and female flowers produced more pollen grains and ovules than hermaphroditic flowers.Hand-pollinated treatments showed that unisexual flowers were sterile in one sexual function and bisexual flowers were fertile for both functions,but no sterile seeds were produced between unisexual and bisexual flowers.Our findings imply that polyploidy is related to gender dimorphism,and both are likely to play a strong role in the coexistence of two cryptic biological species of D.fruticosa(low ploidy hermaphroditic species and high ploidy dioecious species)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
文摘Possibility of polyploidy induction by colchicine in “Balady” mandarins was investigated in vitro. Seeds were immersed in different concentrations of colchicine solutions (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for different durations (12, 24 and 48 hr), then cultured in vitro on MS medium at half strength. Seed survival percentage decreased by increasing colchicine concentration and duration of treatment showing the lowest percentage at 0.2% for 48 hr. The highest DNA content was recorded at 0.2% for 24 hr. Stomata No. per unit area was decreased by colchicine treatments;moreover stomata length and width were studied. The results indicated that colchicine treatment at 0.1% for 48 hr had the highest tetraploid induction efficiency percentage.
文摘Tea （Camellia sinensis L.） represents different ploidy levels. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent data on the diploid, aneuploid and polyploid formed their origin and chemically induced polyploidy and predicted it role in teagenetic improvement for better yield. Different polidy levels had different effects on tea physiology. Tetraploid and triploid had more vigour and hardness due to increased size of cells, while triploid could have even more vigours due to increased size of cells and sterilities. Chemically induced polyploidy had been found an important tool for improving plant physiology and production, therefore, induced polyploids should be produced to overcome the problem of low yield and limited rainfall in tea growing areas.
文摘An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.
文摘This study was planned to assess genetic variation in Jatropha curcas as affected by colchichine treatments. During the experiment, seeds of Jatropha curcas were collected from mature and healthy Jatropha plants and were soaked in different concentrations of colchicines. The second treatment was that of time of soaking (seeds were soaked in different concentrations for different time durations). The results clearly revealed that by increasing the concentration of colchicine treatment, parameters like stomatal density, and size of the guard cells were reduced.
基金This project was supported by the vice chancellery of research and technology of the University of Tabriz as the PhD.thesis of Nasrin Farhadi.
文摘Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization were investigated on morphological,physiological and phytochemical traits.Different colchicine treatments(0,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7% concentrations)for 24,36 and 48 h and oryzalin treatments(0,0.001%,0.002% and 0.004% concentrations)for 4,6 and 8 h were used.A sterile basal plate of bulbs was used for the induction of polyploidy in liquid and solid media.After obtaining plantlets,root tip chromosomes were counted for the determination of ploidy levels.Flow cytometry was performed to confirm the chromosome counting results.The regenerated diploid and tetraploid plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions.Colchicine and oryzalin were both successful in inducing polyploids and the polyploids induced were tetraploids and mixoploids.The highest induction of polyploidy was obtained in solid media using 0.5%(w/v)colchicine for 36 h(35.0% polyploidy induction)and in 0.001%(w/v)Oryzalin for 8 h(45.5% polyploidy induction).Differences in plantlet height and weight,bulblet weight,density,stomatal width and length,and chlorophyll content were observed between tetraploid and diploid plants.Chromosome duplication,as a result of tetraploid induction,significantly influenced the antioxidant content and enzyme activities.The results showed that total phenolic content,allicin,and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the tetraploid plantlets than that in the diploid plantlets.SRAP loci polymorphisms indicated that the 12 autotetraploid plants(with high allicin content)had different genotypes from the parental diploid plant.Besides,in vitro polyploidy induction not only duplicated chromosomes but also altered the DNA sequence in Allium hirtifolium.In vitro induction of tetraploids in A.hirtifolium can be a reliable way to obtain suitable plant material for breeding programs to generate new genotypic variations.
文摘慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染(chronic hepatitis B infection,CHB)诱导肝细胞的染色体超倍化(包括非整倍化和多倍化)及染色体不稳定性,是导致原发性肝细胞癌(primary hepatocytic carcinoma,HCC)发生的主要原因之一.尽管肝细胞对于正常条件下染色体复制的多倍体化具有调节作用,但对于CHB引起的超倍化难以调节从而致癌.研究表明,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)使得多条信号途径如PLK1/PRC1失调,诱导肝细胞染色体超倍化并发生恶性转化.本论文综述了HBV感染诱导肝细胞染色体超倍化导致肝癌发生的机制以及靶向染色体超倍化药物研究的最新进展.
