Polymorphism of Coding Sequences of IGF1R Gene in Baise Horses and Thoroughbred

[ Objective]The aim was to study polymorphism of mat-peptide sequence of IGF1 R gene in Baise horses and thoroughbred, which would af- ford reference for the further studies on the dwarf mechanism and molecular breeding in horses. [Method] A total of 57 blood samples of each breed were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by the standard phenol -chloroform method. Five DNA pools of each breed were constituted and polymorphism sites were identified by sequencing PCR products. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles at these sites of each breed were checked by PCR-RFLP. [Result] Four polymorphism sites were identified in exon 2, 5 and 16, including mutations of T406C, T179 627C, G212 077A and G2.12 110A. No difference was found in the frequency of T179 627C between the Baise horses and thoroughbred. The mutation （3212 077A was only found in the thorou- ghbred, and the mutations, T406C and G212 110A, were only checked out in the Baise horses. [ Conclusion] Whether these mutations are associated with horse growth needs further studies.

Apal, Bsml, Fokl, and Taql Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Parkinson＇s Disease

Background： The vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene has been identified as a candidate gene liar susceptibility to Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, but results from genetic association studies to date are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to evaluate the association of tile extensively studied VDR Apal （G/T）, Bsml （G/A）, Fokl （C/T）, and Taql （T/C） gene polymorphisms with risk of PD. Methods： Electronic search at PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu database, and Wanfang database was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （（7） values was applied to evaluate the strength of the association. Results： A total of seven studies with 2034 PD cases and 2432 controls were included in the rneta-analysis following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, no significant association between Apal, Bsml, and Taql gene polymorphisms and PD susceptibility in all four genetic models was found （T vs. G： OR = 1.00, 95% CI： 0.89-1.12, P = 0.97; A vs. G： OR 0.94, 95% （7： 0.77-1.15, P =0.53; C vs. T： OR - 1.03, 95% （7： 0.85-1.25, P = 0.77） while a significant association between Fokl （C/T） and PD risk was observed （Cvs. T：OR 1.41,95%（7：1.14 1.75, P=0.001;CCvs. TT：OR-2.45,95%（_7：1.52 3.93, P=0.0002：CTvs. TT：OR-2.21,95% CI： 1.38--3.52, P =0.0009, CC vs. CT＋TT： OR - 2.32, 95% CI： 1.49-3.61, P = 0.0002）. Conclusions： Polymorphisms of Apal, BsmL and l,lql may not be associated with the susceptibility to PD while the Fokl （C/T） polymorphism is possibly associated with increased PD risk. However, conclusions should be cautiously interpreted due to the relatively small number of studies included.