A Preliminary Study on Consumer Sensory Evaluation and Acceptance of Pomelo Peel Jelly

Pomelo peel is a by-product from pomelo consumption, but it is also rich in a variety of nutrients and functional substances. In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the large amount of discarded pomelo peels every year, in this study, we recycled pomelo peels to make pomelo yellow peel jelly (PYPJ) and pomelo white peel jelly (PWPJ) according to their different characteristics in pomelo peels. And the consumer sensory evaluation (n = 50) was carried out to explore the consumers’ evaluation and acceptance for these two innovative products. The results showed that both jellies received high mean scores for all sensory attributes expect PYPJ’ taste, and the consumer acceptances of PYPJ and PWPJ were 62% and 92%, respectively. These results displayed that there is a need to further improve PYPJ, and PWPJ is a product recognized by consumers. .

Processing Technology of Pomelo jelly with Health-care Function

[Objective] The aim was to research the processing technology of pomelo jelly with health-care function. [Method] With Citrus maxima （Burm.） Merr. cv. Guanxiyou as the raw materials, the optimal processing technology of pomelo jelly with health-care function was obtained by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor test. [Result] The optimal processing technology of pomelo jelly with healthAugust 16, 2016care function was as follows： 30% pomelo juice, 15% sugar, 1.0% mixed gel and 0.19% citric acid. Under these conditions, the pomelo jelly had relatively good sensory status, with certain nutritional value and health care function. [Conclusion] This research provides references for the deep processing of pomelo.

Quality Detection of Hainan Honey Pomelo

Quality analysis was performed to major cultivars, ‘Hongxin pomelo’ and ‘Wuzi pomelo＇ with uniform maturity. Total soluble solid （TSS）, titratable acid, vita- min C, juice yield, edible rate, single-fruit weight and pesticide residues of the 2 cultivars were detected. The results showed that： the TSS contents of ‘Hongxin pomelo＇ and ‘Wuzi pomelo＇ were in the range of 8%-12%, the vitamin C contents were in the range of 0.3-0.6 g/L, the juice yields were in the range of 56%-68%, the edible rates were in the range of 52%-68%, and the single-fruit weights were in the range of 1-2.5 kg. The titratable acid content was higher in ‘Hongxin pomelo＇ than in ‘Wuzi pomelo＇. Only Dursban and imidacloprid were detected at low con- centrations in pericarp, and the residues of the 3 pesticides were all lower than their detection limits. Therefore, honey pomelo produced in Hainan all could be ate safely.

Effects of Special Plant Nutritional Elements on Honey Pomelo Fruits

[Objective] The effects of special plant nutritional elements on honey pomelo fruits were investigated. [Method] After the honey pomelo flowers faded, the special plant nutritional elements （SPNE） were sprayed on the honey pomelo plants. After an interval of 20 d or more, the SPNE were sprayed again. A total of 4 times of spraying were carried out before the harvesting. Then difference in yield, quality, fruit weight, fruit appearance, ball weight and internal characteristics were compared between the SPNE treatment group and the control group. [Result] Compared to that of the control group, the fruit number per plant of the SPNE treatment group was more, and the average fruit weight was higher, resulting in the higher yield in the SPNE treatment group. At the same time, the vitamin C and soluble solids con- tent in honey pomelo fruits of the treatment group was higher than that of the con- trol group. The quality of honey pomelo fruits was higher in the SPNE treatment group. The honey pomelo fruits treated with SPNE were bigger, more shining and cleaner. The fruits in the treatment group had no scar, but had more beautiful shape. The exocarp of the treatment group was thinner than that of the control group. The ball weight of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the ball appearance of the treatment group was cleaner. In the treatment group, the pulp segments were bigger and more consistent in size. In ad- dition, there were no internal cracks in the pulp segments. The fruits of the treat- ment group were more sparkling and more transparent. They tasted better. [Con- clusion] We hoped to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yield- ing production of honey pomelo.

基于Pomelo分布式服务器后台管理的人事工资系统设计与实现

为了实现高校人事工资的高效管理,使其具有良好的可扩展性和可维护性,采用C/S模式,提出了基于Pomelo技术,以Webstorm(服务器端)和VS(客户端)为开发工具,使用Jave Script和VC++程序设计语言来实现服务器端。通过实践证明,采用Pomelo技术所开发的人事工资系统具备自动化程度高、可复用、易维护等特点。

Removal of hexavalent chromium in aquatic solutions by pomelo peel

This study investigated the removal of hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI)) in aqueous solutions using pomelo peel(PP) and FeCl3-modified pomelo peel(FPP) as novel biomass adsorbents.Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of pH,time,temperature,initial concentration,and adsorbent dose on Cr(VI) removal by PP and FPP.The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI)was 21.55 mg/g for FPP and 0.57 mg/g for PP at a pH of 2.0 and a temperature of 40℃.The surface shape,microstructure,and chemical composition of FPP were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and compared with those of PP.The results show that the adsorption performance of FPP was much better than that of PP,indicating that FPP can be an alternative high-efficiency adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

Pomelo biochar as an electron acceptor to modify graphitic carbon nitride for boosting visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

In this study,biochar(BC)derived from pomelo was prepared via a high-temperature calcination method to modify the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))to synthesize the BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for the degradation of the tetracycline(TC)antibiotic under visible light irradiation.The experimental results exhibit that the optimal feeding weight ratio of biochar/urea is 0.03:1 in BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite could show the best photocatalytic activity with the degradation rate of tetracycline is 83%in 100 min irradiation.The improvement of photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the following two points:(i)the strong bonding with π-π stacking between BC and g-C_(3)N_(4)make the photogenerated electrons of light-excited g-C_(3)N_(4)transfer to BC,quickly and improve the separation efficiency of carriers;(ii)the introduction of BC reduces the distance for photogenerated electrons to migrate to the surface and increases the specific surface area for providing more active sites.This study provides a sustainable,economical and promising method for the synthesis of photocatalytic materials their application to wastewater treatment.

Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Glycemic Response to Pomelo in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose in patients with diabetes. This study was to determine the glycemic index（GI） and glycemic load（GL） of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose（PPG） in patients with type 2 diabetes（T2D）. Twenty healthy subjects and 20 T2D patients（controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin） were tested on 2 separate days with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of carbohydrates from Majia pomelo for GI measurement. To test effects of Majia pomelo on PPG, 19 hospitalized T2D patients（controlled on insulin therapy） were selected for a 9-day study. The dose of insulin for each patient was adjusted on the first 3 days. A total of 100 g Majia pomelo was consumed per meal in the last 3 tested days. Blood glucose was measured to evaluate the glycemic excursions. The GIs for Majia pomelo in healthy individuals and T2D patients were 78.34±1.88 and 72.15±1.95 respectively. The value of GL was as low as 4.23 in diabetic patients with serving size of 100 g pomelo, indicting Majia pomelo as a high GI but low GL fruit. Consumption of Majia pomelo in hospitalized T2D patients did not cause significant glucose fluctuation. It was concluded that high GI pomelo can serve as a low GL fruit if it is consumed with a limited daily amount and thus can be supplied to diabetic patients. These results may mean more varieties of food choices for T2D patients.

Genetic Diversity of Jinsha Pomelo and Its Closely-related Germplasms Assessed by SSR Molecular Markers

SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 8 Jinsha pomelo germplasm and its closely-related varieties from main planting area in Jiangxi Province. A total of 92 alleles were detected from 26 pairs of selected primers with 53. 68% of polymorphism. The alleles detected per locus were ranged from 2 to 8. On average,3. 54 alleles were amplified from per pair of primers. The similarity coefficients of the 8 varieties were in the range of 0. 729-0. 924.According to the genetic similarities based on UPGMA method,all materials were divided into two groups of Jinlan pomelo and Shatian pomelo at the similarity coefficient of 0. 738.

Thoughts on the Development Planning of Pomelo Industry in Meizhou City

Pomelo industry is one of the mainstay industries with most unique regional characteristics in Meizhou City,South China. This paper analyzed the status,development advantages and problems of pomelo industry and discussed on brand-based industry transformation and updating in order to provide references for expanding and strengthening pomelo industry. Meizhou City is the second largest prefecture-level city of pomelo production in China,where the cultivating area is up to 40 000 ha and the yield is over 900 000 t. With the expansion of industry scale,there were bottlenecks of pomelo industry in Meizhou City including industrial restructuring and upgrading. The paper analyzed the development status and existing problems of pomelo industry based on investigation and survey. Some corresponding strategies were also proposed for pomelo industry in Meizhou City.

Research on Rapid Propagation of Gongshui Pomelo by Tissue Culture

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal medium and hor-mone combinations for efficient rapid propagation of Gongshui pomelo and analyze key technical measures in the tissue culture process. [Method] Stem tips and stem segments with buds were col ected from four varieties of pomelo adult trees as explants, to investigate the main effect and key regulatory factors of vegetative organs and tissue culture explants and to propose a series of measures to prevent and control microbial contamination. Final y, an efficient rapid propagation technology system of Gongshui pomelo was established. [Result] Spring shoot explants contained large amounts of auxin, cytokinins, gibberel ins and other growth regulators, which could be used for tissue culture with high bud generation rate and rapid growth. Different conditions led to various culture results. Specifical y, mature pomelo seeds should be generated on semisolid 1/2MS medium and transferred to solid MS medium for incubation. The propagation coefficient of stem segments with axillary buds was greater than that of stem tips, exhibiting significant differences. In ad-dition, the optimal hormone combination was 6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L, which significantly promoted the induction and differentiation of adventitious buds. [Conclusion] This study provided basis for basic research, production and application of pomelo germplasm resources.

Effects of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Shatian Pomelo Trees with Huanglongbing

[Objectives]In order to effectively alleviate Huanglongbing of Shatian pomelo trees,a nutrient preparation was developed and its effect on the growth and yield of Shatian pomelo was explored.[Methods]A field experiment was carried out with four treatments:control group,nutrient solution group,agent group,and nutrient solution+agent group,and the liquids were infused into the fruit trees through the trunk using a hanging bag.[Results]Through field trials,it was found that the nutrient solution treatment of fruit trees significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen content,which increased by 17%and 12%compared with the control group,respectively,reaching(70.80±1.57)and(5.53±0.1)mg/kg,respectively;and the combined application of the nutrient solution and powder agents greatly alleviated the symptoms of Huanglongbing in Shatian pomelo plants,and significantly improved the bacterial disease index,photosynthetic intensity and yield,which increased by 152%,158%and 213.53%respectively,reaching(371.00±7.22),(406.67±7.09)and 23.15 kg/hm^2.[Conclusions]The use of the nutrient solution and agents greatly alleviated the symptoms of Huanglongbing of Shatian pomelo plants,and significantly improved the chlorophyll content,nitrogen content,bacterial disease index and photosynthetic intensity.Meanwhile,the number of fruit per plant and the weight of single fruit were better than other treatment groups and the control group,the technical operation was simple and the effect was obvious.This provides a certain reference basis for the prevention and control measures of Huanglongbing in Shatian pomelo plants.

Effects of Different Bagging Treatments on Fruit Quality of Jinlan Pomelo

In order to improve the exterior and interior quality of Jinlan pomelo,the suitable paper bag for Jinlan pomelo were screened through different bagging treatments involving single layer yellow paper bag,double layer yellow paper bag,three layer yellow paper bag,single layer red paper bag,double layer red paper bag,three layer red paper bag and no bagging.The results showed that bagging could increase fruit weight and fruit brightness,promote the coloring of fruit and improve fruit appearance quality.The titratable acid content of fruit decreased and the sugaracid ratio and soluble solid-acid ratio of fruit increased after the treatment of yellow paper bags.Double layer yellow paper bag could significantly increase the VC content,which had better effect on improving the exterior quality and interior quality than other treatments.This study provided reference for selecting the paper bag type for Jinlan pomelo.

梅州蜜柚(Honey pomelo)柚花不同部位的香气成分和水蒸气精油组成成分差异分析

本文采用顶空(Headspace,HS)-固相微萃取(Solid Phase Microextraction,SPME)和水蒸气蒸馏法结合气相色谱串联质谱法(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,GC-MS)检测技术分析梅州新鲜蜜柚的柚花、花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊4部分的香气成分和精油组成差异。结果表明,柚花不同部位香气成分和精油组成主要成分包括萜类、醇类、酯类、烷烃类、醚类、醛类6类物质,不同部位的化合物种类及相对含量均有明显差异,其中金合欢醇、反式橙花叔醇、芳樟醇检出为柚花各部位的主要成分,总含量占60%以上。柚花精油成分中鉴定出27种化合物,香气成分鉴定出25种化合物,柚花中雄蕊精油的得率最高为0.65%。柚花中富含多种食品、香精香料与日化等行业所需独特香味的化合物,应用前景广泛,是一种具有开发和利用潜力的天然资源。

Stacking MoS_(2) flower-like microspheres on pomelo peels-derived porous carbon nanosheets for high-efficient X-band electromagnetic wave absorption

The key to solve increasingly severe electromagnetic(EM)pollution is to explore sustainable,easily prepared,and cost-effective EM wave absorption materials with exceptional absorption capability.Herein,instead of anchoring on carbon materials in single layer,MoS_(2) flower-like microspheres were stacked on the surface of pomelo peels-derived porous carbon nanosheets(C)to fabricate MoS_(2)@C nanocomposites by a facile solvothermal process.EM wave absorption performances of MoS_(2)@C nanocomposites in X-band were systematically investigated,indicating the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-62.3 dB(thickness of 2.88 mm)and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)almost covering the whole X-band(thickness of 2.63 mm)with the filler loading of only 20 wt.%.Superior EM wave absorption performances of MoS_(2)@C nanocomposites could be attributed to the excellent impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss capacity(conduction loss and polarization loss).This study revealed that the as-prepared MoS_(2)@C nanocomposites would be a novel prospective candidate for the sustainable EM absorbents with superior EM wave absorption performances.

Modeling method for SSC prediction in pomelo using Vis-NIRS with wavelength selection and latent variable updating

The aim of this study was in-line,rapid,and non-destructive detection for soluble solid content(SSC)in pomelos using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy(Vis-NIRS).However,the large size and thick rind of pomelo affect the stability of spectral acquisition and the biological variabilities affect the robustness of models.Given these issues,in this study,an efficient prototype in-line detection system in transmittance mode was designed and evaluated in comparison with an off-line detection system.Data from the years 2019 and 2020 were used for modeling and the external validation data were obtained by the inline detection system in 2021.The wavelength selection methods of changeable size moving window(CSMW),random frog(RF),and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS)were used to improve the prediction accuracy of partial least squares regression(PLSR)models.The best performance of internal prediction was obtained by CARS-PLSR and the determination coefficient of prediction(),root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP),and residual predictive deviation(RPD)were 0.958,0.204%,and 4.821,respectively.However,all models obtained large prediction biases in external validation.The latent variable updating(LVU)method was proposed to update models and improve the performance in external validation.Ten samples from the external validation set were randomly selected to update the models.Compared with the recalibration method,LVU could effectively modify the original models which matched the SSC range of the external validation set.The CSMW-PLSR models were more robust in external validations.The off-line model with LVU performed best with a root mean square error of validation(RMSEV)of 0.599%and the in-line model with recalibration obtained RMSEV of 0.864%.These results demonstrated the application potential of the transmittance Vis-NIRS for in-line rapid prediction of SSC in pomelos and the modeling and updating methods could be applied to samples with biological variabilities.

沼液配施化肥对蜜柚产量、品质及土壤重金属的影响

在福建省平和县,以8年生琯溪蜜柚为试验树,田间定位连续3年施用养猪场猪粪沼液,研究等量氮磷钾条件下不同比例沼液与化肥配施对蜜柚产量、品质及土壤重金属和盐分的影响。结果表明,与施用纯化肥(采用普通尿素、过磷酸钙和硫酸钾,每年株施N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O分别为950.0、600.0和850.0 g)相比较,沼液替代25%化肥(以氮计,不足的氮、磷、钾养分用化肥补足)和替代50%化肥处理有增产优势,同时对果实品质无负面影响,沼液替代100%化肥无增产作用且会使果实品质下降;所有沼液处理会降低裂果率;沼液替代25%化肥不会加重果实粒化率,其他沼液处理会加重果实粒化率。随沼液替代比例和施用年限的增加,土壤中Cu和Zn含量显著增加,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(GB 15618—2018),土壤电导率随沼液替代比例的增加而增加。沼液替代25%化肥在蜜柚果园应用的综合效果较好,可在生产上推广,但更长期施用沼液的影响还需进一步评估。

柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺优化及特性分析

为获得复合酶法制备柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的制备工艺及其吸附特性,实验以柚子皮为原料,采用正交试验优化提取柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),并对其特性进行研究。结果表明,料液比1:40 g/mL、淀粉酶的添加量0.6%、淀粉酶的酶解时间90 min、木瓜蛋白酶的添加量0.2%、木瓜蛋白酶的酶解时间30 min为最佳提取条件,该条件下柚子皮IDF得率为55.07%。柚子皮IDF的膨胀力、持水力、持油力和阳离子交换能力分别为2.84±0.09 mL/g、12.54±0.11 g/g、1.54±0.02 g/g和0.36±0.04 mmol/g。此外,体外吸附研究表明,柚子皮IDF对葡萄糖、胆固醇、胆酸钠的吸附能力分别为0.13±0.003 mmol/g、12.27±0.020 mg/g和53.25±0.100 mg/g。FT-IR分析表明,柚子皮IDF具有纤维素类多糖的特征吸收峰,符合膳食纤维的结构。综上,优化工艺后提取的柚子皮IDF具有较好的特性,这为进一步开发利用柚子皮IDF提供了理论依据。

蜜柚果园几种水土保持技术的集成效应研究

为了更好地促进水土保持科技的创新与发展,推广与示范果园水土保持新技术,助推果业的高质量发展,利用径流小区法研究在蜜柚果园集成带状生草、集流槽、覆盖防草布、施肥管等几种水土保持技术时的效应。结果表明:技术集成都可以极显著减少果园径流量(减少40.0%以上),且果园采用“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”管理时,径流最少;降低了氮磷流失量,分别为70.7%~96.7%和81.297.9%;布置的各种措施,都可明显降低土壤侵蚀量,且“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”和“带状生草+防草布+施肥管”效果尤其好,分别为自然生草侵蚀量的16.7%和22.2%;对果园5~10cm土层土壤影响不大;对25~30cm土层土壤含水量影响较大,“带状生草+防草布+施肥管”比自然生草区土壤含水量增加22.80%,有极显著的效果,而“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”比自然生草区土壤含水量增加14.43%,效果显著;对蜜柚叶片重和氮磷含量影响不大。

福建漳州平和柚天气指数保险产品设计与定价

柚产业是福建省漳州市平和县的支柱产业,为分散当地柚生产的经营风险,基于福建省漳州市平和县1985−2022年柚产量及对应年份3月中旬至8月上旬的天气数据,将柚单产数据分解成趋势单产和气象单产,并调整单产数据使其转化到2024年的生产力水平下的单产,选用核密度估计法拟合该序列的概率密度函数并用于纯费率厘定;而后利用调整后单产数据和天气数据进行相关性分析,筛选显著的天气指数。结果显示:4月中下旬降雨量指数与调整后单产的线性关系最为显著。对于2024年约定的保障产量51000 kg·hm^(−2)和保险价格2.8元·kg^(−1),即每667m^(2)保险金额为9520元,厘定纯费率为4.0191%、保险费率为4.6220%;对于降雨量指数RI的保险赔付触发值160 mm以及RI的8个分级赔付区间,分别计算得到了对应的赔付事件发生概率,并给出了对应的赔付金额计算公式。