Characteristics of silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of basalts near East Pacific Rise 13°N

In this study, 13 groups of silicon and oxygen isotopes and major elements of the basalts near the East Pacific Rise 13°N are used to study the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes. Among these data, δ30Si values of basalts vary from -0.4%o to 0.2%o with a mean value of δ30Si of （-0.18±0.22）%o. The δ180 values range from 4.1%o to 6.4%o with a mean δ180 value of （＋5.35±0.73） %0. Since the δ30Si values increase in the series of basalt-basaltic andesite- andesite, and δ180 values display a positive correlation with the SiO2 content, we propose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is influenced by the SiO2 content in igneous rocks. Compared with the igneous rocks from Manus Basin with clinopyroxene as their dominant mineral phase, MORBs in this study containing olivine and plagioclase as primary minerals have lower δ180 and δ30Si values, indicating that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is also affected by different Si-O bridges in silicate minerals. Furthermore, our samples from the EPR are defined as E-MORB based on K/Ti ratios. Probably, the difference in δ30Si and δ30O between our samples and a normal MORB are cause by the enriched components in E-MORBs.

Genesis of anhydrite in hydrothermally altered basalt from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N

This study reports the occurrence of anhydrite in hydrothermally altered pillow basalt （12°50.55＇N, 103°57.62＇W, water depth 2 480 m）, which may have been produced in the basalt during seawater-basalt interaction in the laboratory. The existence of anhydrite in the altered basalt indicates extensive high- temperature hydrothermal alteration at the surface of seafloor pillow basalt. Microprobe analysis shows significant chemical zoning in the hydrothermally altered pillow basalt, in which Ca, Si and A1 contents de- crease and P, Fe, Mn, Cr and S contents increase from fresh basalt to altered basalt. The negative correlation between Rb-Sr and Li-Sr, and negative correlation between Li-Ca and Rb-Ca in the high-temperature vent fuids show that these fluids underwent anhydrite precipitation before fluid jetting due to mixing with sea- water in the sub-seafloor. Based on these observations, we show that not all Ca in the anhydrite comes from basalt in the reaction zone, and that the basalts on the seafloor or in the upflow zone may also provide Ca for anhydrite.

东亚U-13男子足球运动员基本技能的分析研究

通过测试法,获得了东亚9个国家和地区180名U-13足球运动员的5项技能测试数据,运用方差分析、多重比较和逐步回归等统计学方法处理了数据并进行了逻辑学分析,找出东亚9个国家和地区U-13足球运动员在技能方面的特点,并验证亚足联设计的技能测试指标的科学性。结论显示:东亚9个国家和地区U-13运动员基本技能的差异主要存在于前4名球队和后3名球队之间,重点表现在传球、运球和颠球方面,在5项技能测试中,短传、长传、运球和射门等4项指标与比赛成绩高度相关,充分体现了U-13年龄段足球运动员竞技能力的实战需求。我国U-13足球运动员技能测试可以借鉴该测试方法。

东太平洋海隆13°N附近热液Fe-S-H_2O系统布拜图及其地质意义

在热力学计算的基础上,依据硫化物中矿物组合和热液流体化学组成绘制东太平洋海隆13°N附近热液Fe-S-H2O系统布拜图（Peurbax diagram）,阐明了实际情况下东太平洋海隆13°N附近热液流体由高温至低温的过程中,硫化物中优势矿物黄铁矿的稳定场的演化。结合已有的动力学实验和硫同位素分馏的研究成果,揭示了沉淀硫化物的热液活动过程中形成优势矿物黄铁矿的可能的主要化学反应历程。在东太平洋海隆13°N附近海底热液系统中,热液流体由高温（T〉200℃）演化至低温（25~200℃）过程中黄铁矿的形成机制发生了明显的改变。

椪柑优良新株系——东13选育报告

东13椪柑是1973年通过营养系选种,在广东省杨村华侨柑桔场选出的优良新株系。经过14年来系统的株系比较试验、中间试验及示范推广,证明该株系果大优质、果形高桩美观、早结丰产等性状稳定,综合性状优于目前生产上推广的品种(系)。该株系大面积出口货源基地已在广东省建立,省内外推广面积已超过8000亩。

13-14世纪域外纪行中的丝绸

“丝绸之路”的概念最早是由19世纪德国地理学家、地质学家费迪南·冯·李希托芬提出的。13世纪之前,由于道路被波斯帝国垄断,丝绸和丝路的真相扑朔迷离,人们对丝绸的认知带有很多的想象充分,表述颇为传奇。13-14世纪,由于蒙古人的世界征略,丝绸之路大为畅通,西方旅行家和以高丽为代表的东亚商人对丝绸的叙述虽各有视角,却总体呈现出这个时期人们对丝绸的表述由外在走向深入,由传奇走向平实,愈来愈贴近丝绸的客观面目。

云南保山东13椪柑引种观察与主要栽培措施

云南保山1987年开始从省外引入桔类优良品种东13椪柑进行试种试验,多年观察结果,该品种在当地柑桔适宜区生长快、结果早,丰产、稳产,优质,保山海拔900～1 300 m的区域为其适宜种植区;通过试验示范,还总结出保山东13椪柑主要栽培措施。

Periodical mixing of MORB magmas near East Pacific Rise 13°N: Evidence from modeling and zoned plagioclase phenocrysts

Thirty-six basalt samples from near East Pacific Rise 13°N are analyzed for major and trace elements. Different types of zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts are also backscatter imaged, and major element profiles scanned and analyzed for microprobe. Basalts dredged from a restricted area have evolved to different extents (MgO=9.38wt%—6.76wt%). High MgO basalts are modeled for crystalliza-tion to MgO of about 7wt%, and resulted in the Ni contents (≈28 ppm) that are generally lower than that in observed basalts (>60 ppm). It suggests that low MgO basalts may have experienced more intensive magma mixing. High MgO (9.38wt%) basalt is modeled for self-"mixing-crystallization", and the high Ni contents in low MgO basalts can be generated in small scale and periodical self-mixing of new magma (high MgO). "Mixing-crystallization" processes that low MgO magmas experienced accord with recent 226Ra/230Th disequilibria studies for magma residence time, in which low MgO magmas have experi-enced more circles of "mixing-crystallization" in relatively longer residence time. Magma mixing is not homogeneous in magma chamber, however, low MgO magmas are closer to stable composition pro-duced by periodical "mixing-crystallization", which is also an important reason for magma diversity in East Pacific Rise. Zoned plagioclase phenocrysts can be divided into two types: with and without high An# cores, both of which have multiple reversed An# zones, suggesting periodical mixing of their host magmas. Cores of zoned plagioclase in low MgO (7.45wt%) basalt differ significantly with their mantle in An#, but are similar in An# with microlite cores (products of equilibrium crystallization) in high MgO (9.38wt%) basalt, which further shows that plagioclase phenocryst cores in low MgO basalts may have formed in their parental magmas before entering into the magma chamber.

Hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase microphenocrysts and glass in basalts from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N: An SEM-EDS study

The interactions of seafloor hydrothermal fluid with igneous rocks can result in leaching elements from the rocks,creating potential ore-forming fluids and influencing the chemical compositions of near-bottom seawater.The hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase microphenocrysts and basaltic glass in the pillow basalts from one dredge station(103°57.62′′W,12°50.55′N,water depth 2480 m)on the East Pacific Rise(EPR)near 13°N were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the edges of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the basaltic glass fragments are altered but the pyroxene and olivine microphenocrysts in the interior of the pillow basalts appear to be unaffected by the hydrothermal fluids.In addition,our results show that the chemical alteration at the rims of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the edges of basaltic glass fragments can be divided into separate types of alteration.The chemical difference in hydrothermal alteration of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the basaltic glass indicate that different degrees of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction have taken place at the surface of the pillow basalts.If the degree of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction is relatively minor,Si,Al,Ca and Na diffuse from the inside of the solid phase out and as a result these elements have a tendency to accumulate in the edge of the plagioclase microphenocrysts or basaltic glass.If the degree of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction is relatively strong,Si,Al,Ca and Na also diffuse from the inside of solid phase out but these elements will have a relatively low concentration in the edge of the plagioclase microphenocrysts or basaltic glass.Based on the chemical variation observed in the edges of plagioclase microphenocrysts and basaltic glass,we estimate that the content of Si,Al and Fe in the edges of plagioclase microphenocrysts can have a variation of 10.69%,17.59%and 109%,respectively.Similarly,the Si,Al and Fe concentrations in the edges of basaltic glass can have a variation of 9.79%,16.30%and 37.83%,respectively,during the interaction of hydrothermal fluids and seafloor pillow basalt.

“十三五”江苏电网网架评估研究

通过对江苏电网规划网架进行故障方式下的安全稳定扫描分析,排查"十三五"关键年份江苏电网网架的薄弱环节,检验江苏电网应对简单故障及复杂故障的能力。对一些可能影响江苏电网运行的不确定因素进行敏感性分析,并提出相应的对策,并对相关重大工程推迟投产后的江苏电网进行全面分析,校核江苏电网对此类工程推迟投产的适应能力。最终通过各类安全稳定扫描分析的结论,为"十三五"期间江苏电网建设和安全稳定运行提供科学合理的建议。

Elemental and isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal sulfide on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N

The mineralogical,elemental,and isotopic characteristics of a hydrothermal sulfide sample from one dredge station (12°42.30’N,103°54.48’W,water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were analyzed.The hydrothermal sulfide was composed mainly of sphalerite,chalcopyrite,and pyrite and was a Zn-rich sulfide;in layer ep-s-1,goethite formed by secondary oxidation was found.The concentrations of rare elements,such as Li (0.15×10-6-0.30×10-6),Be (0.01×10-6-0.05×10-6),Zr (73.8×10-9-1344×10-9),Nb (8.14×10-9-64.7×10-9),Hf (2.54×10-9-28.0×10-9),and Ta (0.203×10-9-1.21×10-9),were far lower in the hydrothermal sulfide than in the ocean crust,whereas the content of Au was higher and the contents of Co,Ni,Sr,Cs,Ba,Bi,and U were low.The correlations between Zn and Cr,Cd and Ga,Cu and P,P and In (R2 】 0.8) were positive,whereas those between Zn and Fe,Cu,and Ba (R2 】 0.8) were distinctly negative.From low-temperature mineral assemblages to high-temperature mineral assemblages,the spatial distributions of dispersive and rare elements (e.g.In,Li,Cs) in the hydrothermal sulfide displayed corresponding variations.The variations observed in some elements (e.g.,Cd,Cs,P) are controlled by Zn,Fe,and Cu sulfides,respectively.Seafloor weathering accounts for the enrichment of V,Mn,and rare earth elements (REE) in the henna sulfide-oxidation layer that bears the secondary oxide mineral,leading to identical REE patterns for this layer (ep-s-1) and seawater.Seafloor weathering also distinctly affects the correlations between the element ratios of the hydrothermal sulfide.From high-temperature mineral assemblages to low-temperature mineral assemblages,Fe content and δ 34S value of the hydrothermal sulfide increase gradually,and Zn content and lead isotopic ratios decrease gradually on the contrary,which indicate the influences of seawater on elements and the sulfur and lead isotopic compositions enhance gradually during the formation of hydrothermal sulfides.

Formation of Fe-oxyhydroxides from the East Pacific Rise near latitude 13°N:Evidence from mineralogical and geochemical data

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station (long. 103°54.48'W, lat. 12°42.30'N, water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near lat 13°N were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS. Most Fe-oxyhydroxides are amorphous, with a few sphalerite microlites. In comparison with Fe-oxyhydroxides from other fields, the variable ranges in the chemical composition of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples are very narrow; their Fe, Si, and Mn contents were 39.90%, 8.92%, and 1.59%, respectively; they have high Cu (0.88%―1.85%) and Co (65×10?6―704×10?6) contents, and contain Co+Cu+Zn+Ni> 1.01%. The trace-element (As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr) and major-element (Fe, Ca, Al, Mg) contents of these samples are in the range of hydrothermal sulfide from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, reflecting that this type of Fe-oxyhydroxide constitutes a secondary oxidation product of hydrothermal sulfide. The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are lower in ΣREE (5.44×10?6―17.01×10?6), with a distinct negative Ce anomaly (0.12 ― 0.28). The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples have similar chondrite-normalized rare-earth-element (REE) patterns to that of seawater, and they are very different from the REE composition characteristics of hydrothermal plume particles and hydrothermal fluids, showing that the REEs of Fe-oxyhydroxide are a major constituent of seawater and that the Fe-oxyhydroxides can become a sink of REE from seawater. The quick settling of hydrothermal plume particles resulted in the lower REE content and higher Mn content of these Fe-oxyhydroxides, which are captured in part of the V and P from seawater by adsorption. The Fe-oxyhydroxides from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were formed by secondary oxidation in a low temperature, oxygenated environment. In comparison with the elemental (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu) average content of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, the Zn, Cd, and Pb contents of the Fe-oxyhydroxides are lower, and their Fe, Co, and Cu contents are higher.

鄂东长江公路大桥引桥SMA配合比设计研究

采用马歇尔级配设计方法,结合Superpave体积指标,在室内试验研究的基础上,提出了鄂东长江大桥SMA-13的配合比,并在鄂东长江大桥得到成功实施。

我国管道公司发展环境分析——西气东输管道公司“十二五”规划执行情况及对“十三五”规划制订的启示

通过总结和评估西气东输管道公司"十二五"规划执行情况,采用SWOT分析法,剖析了西气东输公司面临的内外部环境,提出"十三五"规划编制的相关建议:加大天然气市场调研和开发力度;科学合理地确定规划目标指标体系;开展多情景分析;注重"十三五"规划的公司价值评估。

Reconstruction of the climate in the Tianmu Mountain area,Zhejiang Province, in the last 160 years by δ^(13)C sequence of tree ring α-cellulose

Based on cross-dating tree rings from the Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, the tree rings α-cellulose δ13C time series was measured. By spectrum analysis, the variation of tree-ring δ13C sequence shows a quasi periodicity of 4.4 years, which is coincident with the standard cycle of El Nino. After removing the long-term decrease trend of the δ13C variation related to atmospheric CO2 concentration, the response of the δ13C to climate elements was analyzed using meteorology data from a nearby weather station. The results suggest that there is a distinct relativity between high-frequency variation of tree ring δ13C series and seasonal climate parameters, e.g. temperature and precipitation, with a significant time-lag effect. In addition, the high frequency also reflects the strength change of the East Asian Monsoon. The multiple regression method was employed to reconstruct the historical climate, and to analyze the climate change and trend in the last 160 years in the northern Zhejiang Province.

Stable carbon isotope in tree rings from Huangling, China and climatic variation

By using a single-year discrimination chronology detrended from a δ13C chronology from Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) tree rings and meteorological data, the δ13C-climatic response is analyzed. The results show that high-frequency δ13C is significantly related to both temperatures of June (with r=-0.65) and the total precipitation of May, June and July (r=-0.46). This suggests that δ13C records reflects some features of the East Asian summer monsoon. In addition, temperature departure for June is reconstructed from a transfer function developed with δ13C-climatic response.