美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides Marsh)×青杨(P.cathayana Rehd.)分子连锁图谱的构建

利用随机扩增ＤＮＡ多态性ＲＡＰＤ方法，在美洲黑杨（Ｐ．ｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＭａｒｓｈ）×青杨（Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａＲｅｈｄ．）３代谱系中分析分子标记，构建出第１张美洲黑杨×青杨分子连锁图谱。共从３００个１０ｍｅｒ随机引物中筛选出７９个适合引物，检测出可供构图的分离标记１８０个。该图谱由２０个连锁群，１１０个ＲＡＰＤ标记组成。总图距为覆盖基因组总长度的７０３５％，标记间的平均间距为１７２７ｃＭ．连锁群长度在３７１～１８９８，相应标记分别在３～１０。本图谱为杨树抗病、虫和其它性状基因定位提供了框架结构，为实现杨树分子遗传育种迈进了最重要的一步。

Study on Phenological Character in Seedling Period of Introduced Populus deltoids Clones

In order to provide directionally genetically improved breeding materials of poplar by exploring the phenological traits genetic variation level and its develop- ment potential of Populus deltoides and the resource evaluation was carried out; 8 phenological phases in seedling period were observed and analyzed of 60 Populus deltoids clones introduced from America. The results showed that： （1） there was obvious difference in phonological character among clones, especially in leaf-spread- ing peak stage and the end term of leaf-falling stage, with the largest variation co- efficient of 14.97% and the minimum of 3.83% respectively. （2） Leaf-spreading peak stage scattered but the end term of leaf-falling stage concentrated the most. The phonological character in early stage of seedling growth was the main factor influ- encing the length of growing season. （3） By principal component analysis, pheno- logical phases were classified into 3 typical periods, including germination stage, leaf-spreading peak stage and leaf-falling stage. （4） Totaling 60 clones were classi- fied into 4 types by using clustering analysis in phenological time variables of clones.

Effects of Fertilization on Young Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua Hongye Growth

Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N＋P＋K〉N＋K〉N＋P, P＋K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [（NH2）2CO, 150 g/plant] ＋ calcium superphosphate [Ca（H2PO4）2.H20, 220 g/plant] ＋ potassium sulphate （K2SO4, 75 g/plant）.

Assembly and analysis of the Populus deltoides mitochondrial genome:the first report of a multicircular mitochondrial conformation for the genus Populus

Genomics research of Populus deltoides,an important timber species that is widely planted worldwide,is an important part of poplar breeding.Currently,the nuclear and chloroplast genome of P.deltoides have been sequenced,but its mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)has not been reported.To further explore the evolution and phylogeny of P.deltoides,the mitogenome of P.deltoides I-69 was assembled using reads from Nanopore and Illumina sequencing platforms and found to consist of 802,637 bp and three circular chromosomes(336,205,280,841,and 185,591 bp)containing 58 genes(34 protein-coding genes,21 tRNA genes,and 3 rRNA genes).RNA analysis in combination with several species showed signifi cantly fewer RNA editingsites in the mitogenomes of poplar and other angiosperms than in gymnosperms.Sequence transfer analysis showed extensive mitogenome rearrangements in Populus species,and with evolution from lower to higher plants,tRNA transfer from chloroplasts to mitochondria became increasingly frequent.In a phylogenetic analysis,the evolutionary status of P.deltoides was determined,and the section Populus was supported.Our results based on the fi rst report of a multicircular conformation of the Populus mitogenome provide a basis for further study of the evolution and genetics of P.deltoides and other Populus species and for breeding programs.

Fine Root Distribution Characteristics of Populus cathayana Plantations at Different Ages in Alpine Sandy Land

[Objectives]The paper was to study the fine root distribution characteristics of Populus cathayana plantations at different ages in alpine sandy land.[Methods]With 5,10,15,20,and 25 years old P.cathayana plantation in the eastern margin of Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province as the research objects,fine roots were collected by root core drilling method,and the differences of fine root biomass,root length density,average diameter and root tip number at the soil depths of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm were analyzed.[Results]The total biomass density of P.cathayana plantation was mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-60 cm,accounting for 76%of the entire soil layer,and its value increased with the increase in forest age.With the increase in different forest ages,the root length density,average diameter and root tip number of living fine roots in the soil layer of 0-60 cm accounted for 74%-81%of the entire soil layer,and the proportions in the soil layers of 60-80 and 80-100 cm were 9%-11%.The biomass density,root length density,average diameter and root tip number of living and dead fine roots of P.cathayana plantation increased with the increase of forest age.The root length density,average diameter and root tip number of P.cathayana fine roots showed a linear function change trend with the growth of forest age,which could be described by the linear function equation y=ax+b(a>0).The analysis results showed that the root length density,average diameter and root tip number of P.cathayana were significantly correlated with the total biomass density of fine roots,and the root length density and average diameter had an extremely positive correlation with the total biomass density.[Conclusions]In the future,P.cathayana plantation should be properly tended to promote the development of fine roots and maximize its ecological benefits.

Influences of the Populus deltoids seedlings treated with exogenous methyl jasmonate on the growth and development of Lymantria dispar larvae

Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate （MeJA） for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.

Pb胁迫对欧美杂交杨(Populus deltoides×Populus nigra)生物量分配格局及其Pb富集特性的影响

采用速生树种修复重金属污染土壤的方法近年来受到越来越多关注,但已有结果存在很大不确定性。为了解杨树在不同Pb胁迫条件下生长响应和Pb富集效果,以长江上游两种典型土壤(酸性紫色土和钙质紫色土)为栽培介质,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同Pb浓度处理下(CK:0mg·kg-1;T1:200mg·kg-1;T2:450mg·kg-1;T3:2000mg·kg-1)欧美杂交杨(Populus deltoides×Populusnigra)生物量生产与分配格局以及Pb吸收、富集特性。两种土壤条件下杨树各器官生物量及总生物量均表现出随Pb胁迫程度的增加而降低的趋势,Pb胁迫条件下杨树生物量分配格局在钙质紫色土中表现为茎>粗根>叶>细根。相同浓度Pb处理条件下,单株杨树总生物量均表现为钙质紫色土大于酸性紫色土。随着Pb处理浓度的增大,杨树各器官Pb含量及积累量显著增加。Pb胁迫使杨树对Pb的富集系数逐渐增大而耐性系数逐渐减小。T3处理条件下杨树对Pb的富集系数在酸性紫色土中较大,且各处理条件下杨树对Pb的耐性系数均为酸性紫色土中较大。这些结果表明,高浓度Pb胁迫条件下酸性紫色土中的欧美杂交杨表现出较好的吸收和富集Pb的特性,这为Pb污染土壤的生物修复提供了一定的科学依据。

镉胁迫对欧美杂交杨(Populus deltoides×Populus nigra)光合作用与生物量生产的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了生长在四川盆地典型Cd污染冲积土和紫色土上的欧美杂交杨(Populus deltoides×Populus nigra)对国家土壤环境质量标准中Cd浓度梯度(0、0.3、1.0、2.0 mg/kg)的光合响应和生物生产量。Cd处理显著降低紫色土上生长的杨树叶绿素a和叶绿素总量,增加气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度,增加凋落叶生物量,降低茎生物量、根生物量和单株总生物量。但是,Cd处理对冲积土上生长的杨树叶绿素特征、光合生理指标和生物量生产并无明显差异。尽管同一生长基质上不同Cd处理间杨树光合生理指标与生物量生产均有一定程度的影响,但紫色土上生长的杨树生理和生长特征均显著低于冲积土上生长的杨树。这些结果表明,自然条件国家土壤环境质量标准内,Cd污染并不对杨树生长构成较大威胁,而生长土壤基质的选择可能对杨树的栽培更为重要。这为Cd污染土壤区域城市森林建设和速生丰产林建设提供了一定的科学依据。

南洞庭湖杨树(Populus deltoides)清理迹地恢复初期涨水前后土壤种子库特征

本文研究了南洞庭湖杨树清理1 a、2 a后的迹地(简称1 a和2 a)和未清理杨树洲滩(ck)涨水前后土壤种子库特征变化及其与地上植被的关系.结果显示:杨树清理迹地土壤种子库共萌发物种23科59属65种,涨水前后土壤种子库密度和种类均表现出1 a>2 a>ck的趋势,且随着土层加深而递减.退水后ck、1 a、2 a不同土层物种数量和密度较涨水前均有所减少,其中一或二年生物种较涨水前有所减少,多年生物种占比增加;湿生物种与中生物种数目较涨水前均有所减少,而2 a土壤种子库中生物种比例较涨水前有所增加.涨水前后土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数变化较小,退水后Margalef指数较涨水前有所下降.退水后地上植被物种Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数高于涨水前地上植被,而Margalef指数有所下降.涨水前Srensen相似性系数表现为1 a>2 a>ck的趋势,退水后表现为2 a>1 a>ck的趋势,涨水前后不同恢复年份土壤种子库和地上植被优势物种所占比例有所差异.研究表明,南洞庭湖杨树清理迹地退水后土壤种子库密度和种类显著下降,随着恢复年份和水淹频次的增加,一或二年生物种迅速减少,多年生物种比例增加,地上植被物种均匀性有所增加,可见水文因子是影响南洞庭湖杨树清理迹地种子库恢复能力的重要因素.

Isolation and characterization of two genes encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from Populus deltoides

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins （PGIPs） are extracellular proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat （LRR） protein superfamily. PGIPs inhibit fungal polygalacturonases （PGs） and promote accumulation of oligogalacturonides, which activate plant defense responses. PGIPs play important roles in resistance to infection of pathogens. In this study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RLM-RACE） were used to isolate the full-length PGIP cDNA from Populus deltoides （GenBank accession no. of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4：EF684913 and EF684912）. Domain analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 had a typical PGIP topology. Phylogenetic analysis of known PGIPs indicated that the two PdPGIPs were clustered to the defense-related PGIP clade. Using real-time RT-PCR, the expression patterns of the two PdPGIPs following treatment with a fungal pathogen and defense-related signaling molecules were studied. The expression levels of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 were both up-regulated when inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus Marssonina brunnea. Therefore, it was proposed that the two PGIPs might be involved in the resistance to Marssonina brunnea in P. deltoides.

Morphological and physiological plasticity response to low nitrogen stress in black cottonwood(Populus deltoides Marsh.)

It is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity.In this study,both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances.The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen(750μM NH_4 NO_3)and low nitrogen(5μM NH_4 NO_3)conditions for 3 months.Growth,chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of each genotype were measured.Under low nitrogen,heights,ground diameter,leaf area,leaf and root biomass,and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen level.Correlation analysis showed that nutrient distribution changed under different nitrogen treatments.There was a negative correlation between leaf traits and root biomass under normal nitrogen level,however,the correlation became positive in low nitrogen treatment.Moreover,with the decrease of nitrogen level,the negative correlation between leaf morphology and chlorophyll levels became weakened.The growth of the genotypes under the two treatments was evaluated by combining principal component analysis with a fuzzy mathematical membership function;the results showed that leaf traits accounted for a large proportion of the variation in the evaluation model.According to the results of comprehensive evaluation of plants under the two treatments,the 338 P.deltoides genotypes could be divided into nine categories,with wide genotypic diversity in nitrogen use efficiency and low nitrogen tolerance.As a result,26 N-efficient genotypes and 24 N-inefficient genotypes were selected.By comparative analysis of their morphological and physiological traits under the two treatments,leaf traits could be significant indicators for nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance,which is of considerable significance for breeding poplar varieties with high nitrogen use efficiencies.

Characterization and identification of leaf morphology of Populus deltoides Bartr. clones

Leaves are of fundamental importance to plants, representing their facility to generate power and are the sensing units of plants towards the environment. An attempt was made to characterize and compare the variations of leaf morphology of various Populus deltoides Bartr. clones by studying the winter buds and other leaf parameters of fully developed leaves. To achieve these objectives, forty-three exotic and indigenous clones ofP. deltoides Bartr. were evaluated for different parameters. On the basis of various morphological characteristics the results reveal that each clone has a distinct color pattern of leaves. Different colors observed in these clones varied from light green through green to dark green. Two distinct lengths of the leaf apex were found, i.e., short and long; as well both acuminate and acute apex types were found. Erratic distribution of serration of leaves was also found. In this study, the morphological traits of leaves provided discriminatory grounds for separating various populations of P. deltoides Bartr. clones. Winter bud studies indicate that different clones vary considerably with regard to shape, color, shape of leaf scars and exudation.

Compressive Strength Parallel to Grain Variation of Different Clones of Populus deltoides Marsh.

In order to explore the differences in the compressive strength parallel to grain （CSPG） between different clones and individual woods of Populus deltoides Marsh., the CSPGs of 5 15-year-old P. deltoides clones were determined and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in CSPG of wood between different clones of P. deltoides . The CSPG of the tested clones reached more than 41 MPa, which was higher than the average compressive strength of P. deltoides （32.94 MPa）. Similar to the changes of stem height, the CSPG of the clones gradually increased with the increase of stem height. However, there were significant differences in CSPG of an individual plant at different tree heights. The CSPG of P. deltoides clones was related with their growth traits, but not significantly. Therefore, it is expected to achieve simultaneous and independent improvement on CSPG and the growth of P. deltoides , so as to get excellent individuals with fast growth and high CSPG.

Structural Association of Endoplasmic Reticulum with Other Membrane Systems in Populus deltoides Apical Bud Cells and Its Alterations During the Short Day_induced Dormancy

Electron microscopic observations revealed that the tissues of poplar ( Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh) apical bud cells, which were fixed by a modified procedure of potassium permanganate fixative, showed a distinct endomembrane organization, in particular, the structural associations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with other membrane systems. The striking findings are that some ER elements were in connection with the nuclear envelopes of two adjacent cells through plasmodesmata, and many ER elements were also associated with mitochondria, plastids, Golgi bodies or the plasma membrane (PM), forming a bridge_like continuum among various endomembrane systems or between nucleus to nucleus. A great number of plasmodesmata existed between cells, indicating a perfectly integrated symplasmic structure in poplar apical bud meristem grown in a long day environment. During the short day_induced dormancy, ER contracted, leading to its disassociation between nuclei, and between the nucleus and organelles/plasmalemma in many cells. After dormancy broke and shoots growth resumed, contracted ER was no longer observed in the apical bud cells. The ER associations with other endomembrane systems and the intercellular communication channels were re_established similar to that of plants before dormancy induction. These observations suggest that ER may play an important role in linking_up between the nucleus and organelles, and between the nucleus and the nucleus (or cell_to_cell), and seemingly coordinating various physiological processes by the bridging_like associations. And the contraction of ER under short_day may result in the growth cessation and the development of dormancy in poplar.

南方型黑杨生长性状和木材材性与湿心材形成的相关性

为了分析南方型黑杨生长性状、木材性状对其湿心材形成的影响程度,于2023年11月份,在岳阳市君山区丁字堤南方型黑杨试验林,选取13年生的8个南方型黑杨无性系为研究对象,每个无性系选取6株样株,用9 mm生长锥在树高1.3 m处钻取木样,分别测量木芯长度、湿心材长度,并称量质量;依据试验设计,测定样木的胸径、树高、材积、树液pH、生材含水量、气干材含水量、木材基本密度;运用相关分析法、通径分析法,计算各性状对湿心材比例的直接影响、间接影响、决定系数,分析南方型黑杨无性系生长性状、木材性状的7个性状指标对湿心材比例的影响。结果表明:8个无性系间,湿心材比例、胸径、树高、材积、生材含水量存在极显著差异。树液pH和生材含水量,与湿心材比例存在极显著正相关,气干材含水量与湿心材比例存在显著正相关。通径分析表明,生材含水量(W r)、树液pH、气干材含水量(W a)是影响湿心材比例(R(wh))的重要因子,通过多元回归分析建立3个性状与湿心材比例的多元回归方程R(wh)=-0.995+0.006pH+0.075 W r+0.005 W a;其中,生材含水量对湿心材比例的直接影响(0.522)和单独决定系数大小表明,生材含水量对湿心材比例影响最大。因此,生材含水量大小可以作为选育南方型黑杨低湿心材选育时的评定指标。

美洲黑杨种质资源创制和综合评价

【目的】通过美洲黑杨种内杂交育种,创制综合性状优良的新种质,进一步丰富美洲黑杨育种资源。【方法】以美洲黑杨无性系Ⅰ-69为母本,D324为父本杂交,获得22个美洲黑杨杂种无性系。以母本Ⅰ-69杨为对照开展苗期试验和造林试验,进行无性系测定,对苗高、苗木胸径、第1年~第8年的树高和胸径、干形、冠型等性状进行遗传变异分析、主成分分析等,综合选择美洲黑杨优异种质。【结果】苗高、苗木胸径、第1年~第8年的树高和胸径以及第8年的材积、冠幅、分枝度、通直度和冠高比在无性系间差异显著,分枝角度、枝下高和分枝粗度在无性系间差异不显著;各性状遗传变异系数变化范围为3.49%~23.98%;苗高、胸径、树高、材积、冠幅和分枝度的重复力在0.679 8~0.940 5之间,属于高重复力,受到较强遗传控制。美洲黑杨无性系的生长、干形、冠形性状间存在不同程度的相关性,第8年胸径、树高、材积、冠幅和冠高比两两间的遗传相关系数较高,均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明:前3个主成分的累计贡献率达86.85%;其中第1主成分的贡献率为57.04%,胸径、树高、材积、冠幅和冠高比对第1主成分的贡献最大,可作为无性系的评价指标;第1主成分值超过对照Ⅰ-69的有616、607、609、623和624共5个无性系。【结论】美洲黑杨种内杂种无性系存在丰富遗传变异,创制的这5个无性系具有生长快、树干通直、冠幅大、冠高比高等优良特性,综合性状优于对照Ⅰ-69杨,为优异种质。

东北地区不同间伐强度青山杨人工林生长及木材性状变异

探究不同间伐强度对青山杨人工林生长及木材性状的影响,为东北地区培育杨树优质工业资源材提供理论基础。以18年生青山杨为试验材料,以初植株行距2 m×3 m为对照,设置3种强度的间伐处理(4 m×3 m、6 m×3 m、4 m×6 m)。间伐后第5年对试验林的生长性状(树高、胸径、2米径、冠幅)及木材性状(基本密度、纤维长、纤维宽、半纤维素含量、纤维素含量、综纤维素含量、木质素含量)进行了测定,并利用树高、胸径计算出单株材积及单位面积蓄积。方差分析结果表明,除基本密度外,各指标差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。均值分析结果表明,林木各生长指标与木质素含量的均值在株行距为6 m×3 m时达到最大,其余各木材指标均在株行距为4 m×3 m或6 m×4 m时达到最大;各测定指标表型变异系数变化范围为3.35%~29.87%;除基本密度外,各指标重复力均超过0.590。相关性分析结果表明,各生长指标间均达显著正相关水平(0.690<r<0.993),而木材性状间及生长性状与木材性状间的相关性较弱。分别以生长性状、木材性状及联合生长与木材性状为评价指标对各处理进行综合评价后发现,Qi分别在株行距为6 m×3 m、4 m×6 m及4 m×6 m时达到最大。间伐能够促进林分生长,改良林木材性,且保留株行距为4 m×6 m时,林木材性及生长与木材综合改良效果较为优良;保留株行距为6 m×3 m时,林木生长效果最好。因此,今后可根据培育目标的不同选择适宜的间伐强度进行东北地区杨树优质工业资源材的培育。

两种丛枝菌根真菌复合接种对青山杨生长生理指标的影响

为了解不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在复杂性生态系统中的协同效应和功能互补性,以及对植物生长发育的影响。选取1年生青山杨(Populus pseudo-cathayana×P.deltoides)幼苗为研究对象,分别使用根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices,RI)、摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,FM)对青山杨幼苗进行单一和复合接种(根内根孢囊霉+摩西斗管囊霉,M)处理,不接种处理(CK)为对照,分析不同接种处理对青山杨生长发育的影响。结果表明:AM真菌不同接种方式,对青山杨的生长发育影响不同,复合接种处理比其单一接种处理有利于青山杨的生长发育。复合接种处理(M)的青山杨的株高、地径、叶宽、叶面积、根系活力、叶绿素a质量分数、类胡萝卜素质量分数、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白质量分数、叶生物量、苗木质量指数显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理;叶绿素b质量分数显著(P<0.05)低于其他处理;叶长、叶片数、根长、根系平均直径、根系体积、根表面积、可溶性糖质量分数、根生物量、茎生物量均显著(P<0.05)高于RI处理和CK处理,但与FM处理差异不显著;乙醇酸氧化酶活性和淀粉质量分数均与RI处理差异不显著。因此,根内根孢囊霉+摩西斗管囊霉复合接种是培育青山杨的优良接种方式,在实际应用中可优先考虑根内根孢囊霉+摩西斗管囊霉复合接种。

两种丛枝菌根真菌定殖青山杨后对舞毒蛾的抗性研究

【目的】研究丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对青山杨抗虫性的影响以及舞毒蛾对AMF定殖青山杨的适应能力,为AMF定殖青山杨后抗虫性的研究提供科学依据。【方法】分别以对照(CK,无AMF定殖)、根内根孢囊霉(GI)或摩西管柄囊霉(GM)定殖的青山杨叶片饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫,统计3、4、5龄幼虫的体重、体长、头壳宽和食物利用率,测定4、5龄幼虫解毒酶酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)的活性。【结果】GI组3、4龄幼虫的体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),5龄与对照组差异不显著,GM组5龄幼虫的体长、体重、头壳宽、食物利用率均显著高于对照组。GI组3龄幼虫取食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4、5龄显著低于对照组,GM组5龄显著高于对照组,3、4龄与对照组差异不显著。GI组ACP显著低于对照组(P<0.05),AKP在4龄显著高于对照组,5龄AKP活性显著低于对照组。GM组两种解毒酶活性均显著高于对照组。【结论】GI定殖的青山杨能促进舞毒蛾低龄幼虫的生长,对舞毒蛾老熟幼虫的生长影响不显著。GM定殖青山杨叶片促进了舞毒蛾幼虫的生长发育,提高了食物的利用效率,激发了幼虫体内磷酸酯酶活性,表明舞毒蛾对GM定植的青山杨有更好的适应性。AMF对树木及植食性昆虫的影响具有种类特异性,GI定殖对青山杨的抗虫性的影响呈中性,GM定殖对青山杨的抗舞毒蛾产生负效应。

丛枝菌根真菌对青山杨生长及其物质代谢的影响

为了更为细致地解析两种丛枝菌根真菌,即根内根孢囊霉(Glomus intraradices,简称GI)与摩西管柄囊霉(G.mosseae,简称GM)对青山杨植株生长及其物质代谢的具体影响,选用了孢子含量为15个/g的GI和GM基质,将20g的孢子基质与1.3 kg的灭菌土壤进行均匀混合,制备成特定的混合基质。然后将青山杨的扦插苗种植于该混合基质中,以确保其生长环境的一致性和可重复性。在植株生长的第80天时,系统地进行了青山杨生长状况的评估与叶片内N、P元素、营养物质的定量分析,测定了叶片中次生代谢产物的含量。结果表明,GI组青山杨的株高和地上生物量相较于对照组呈现出显著的降低(p<0.05),在根长和地下生物量方面,GI组则显著高于对照(p<0.05);GM组的株高、根长以及生物量方面显著高于对照(p<0.05)。在GI和GM处理的青山杨叶片中,N元素以及可溶性蛋白质的含量都明显低于对照(p<0.05);而在GM组中,叶片的可溶性糖和P元素则有着显著的增长(p<0.05)。在GI组中,次生代谢物质中的总黄酮含量显著高于对照(p<0.05),而总酚含量则明显低于对照,单宁和木质素的含量,与对照相比并无显著性差异;GM组,总酚和单宁的含量都明显低于对照(p<0.05),木质素含量显著高于对照(p<0.05),总黄酮与对照组差异不显著。GI、GM均降低了青山杨叶片中N元素和可溶性蛋白的含量;GI抑制了青山杨地上部分的生长,提高了叶片总黄酮的含量;GM对青山杨有促生作用,提高了叶片中可溶性糖和P元素含量,抑制了次生代谢物单宁、总酚的产生。