Porcine respiratory disease complex （PRDC） is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. PRDC is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and ...Porcine respiratory disease complex （PRDC） is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. PRDC is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）, swine influenza virus （SIV）, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae （Myh）, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae （APP）, Pasteurella multocida and Porcine circovirus 2 （PCV2）. To characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in PRDC presentation in Colombia, 11 farms from three major production regions in Colombia were examined in this study. Nasal swabs, bronchial lavage and lung tissue samples were obtained from animals displaying symptoms compatible with SIV. Isolation of SIV was performed in 9-day embryonated chicken eggs or Madin-Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells. Positive isolates, identified via the hemagglutination inhibition test, were further analyzed using PCR. Overall, 7 of the 11 farms were positive for SIV. Notably, sequencing of the gene encoding the hemagglutinin （HA） protein led to grouping of strains into circulating viruses identified during the human outbreak of 2009, classified as pandemic H1N1-2009. Serum samples from 198 gilts and multiparous sows between 2008 and 2009 were obtained to determine antibody presence of APP, Myh, PCV2 and PRRSV in both SIV-H1Nlp-negative and -positive farms, but higher levels were recorded for SIV- HI Nlp-positive farms. Odds ratio （OR） and P values revealed statistically significant differences （p〈0.05） in PRDC presentation in gilts and multiparous sows of farms positive for SIV-HINlp. Our findings indicate that positive farms have increased risk of PRDC presentation, in particular, PCV2, APP and Myh.展开更多
Objective To study the long-term effects of mitral valve replacement with bioprostheses in rheumatic heart valve disease. Methods 166 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease underwent isolated mitral valve replace...Objective To study the long-term effects of mitral valve replacement with bioprostheses in rheumatic heart valve disease. Methods 166 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease underwent isolated mitral valve replacement from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1985. 79 Patients were male and 87 female. Patients’ age ranged from 11 to 53 years [mean (29.4 ± 9.9) years]. The patients were classified into two groups: group 1 (age【 30 years) included 84 patients, group 2 (age≥30 years) 82 cases. Mean CTR is 0.68 *0.08. Most patients were in NYHA function class Ⅲ-Ⅳ. 76. 3% of patients had atrial fibrillation. 6 patients had pre-operative cerebral vascular accidents. Postoperative deaths were excluded. Follow-up extended from 0.4 year to 19.4 years. Results Actuarial estimate of survival rate at 14 years is (52.5 ± 7.0)%. Heart function was improved to class Ⅰ - Ⅱ in most of patients. Late structural valve deterioration occurred in 89 patients. Among them, 59 were re-operated. Actuarial estimate of freedom from展开更多
[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect t...[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.展开更多
Respiratory pathogens are the main health problem in the swine industry worldwide. These pathogens are transmitted by direct contact between animals or by aerosols and however are not well known yet, if the environmen...Respiratory pathogens are the main health problem in the swine industry worldwide. These pathogens are transmitted by direct contact between animals or by aerosols and however are not well known yet, if the environment works as its reservoir, inoculum and/or dispersion medium. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of respiratory pathogens in environmental samples from swine farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico, through of PCR and RT-PCR techniques. The bacteria Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were found viable in samples from water, food, soil and air. Streptococcus suis was found in a viable state in water samples. Haemophilus parasuis, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus and Swine Influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2) were detected in drinking water samples. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were not detected in environmental samples. These results suggest that the environment of the farms acts as a reservoir, inoculum and/or vehicle of dispersion for these pathogens except for M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2.展开更多
Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),which serves as a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases and causes severe loss to the pig industry worldwide,can dysregulate the immune response and induce immunosuppression...Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),which serves as a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases and causes severe loss to the pig industry worldwide,can dysregulate the immune response and induce immunosuppression in PCV2-infected pigs.Similar to PCV2(porcine circovirus type 3(PCV3),a newly identified swine circovirus which might be closely associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,reproductive disorder,and multisystemic inflammatoty responses,also interferes with host immune defense.Interaction between host immune system and PCVs is considered to be a crucial determinant of pathogenicity in pigs.Here,we sought to briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the interaction of porcine circovirus type 2 and/or 3 with host immune cells and immune responses to better depict the viral immunomodulatory capacity,pathogenic mechanisms,and the future research direction in host immune responses to infection with PCV2 and PCV3.展开更多
基金supported by Colombia’s Agriculture Ministry,Colombian Association of swine producers,Cercafe and National University of Colombia
文摘Porcine respiratory disease complex （PRDC） is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. PRDC is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）, swine influenza virus （SIV）, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae （Myh）, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae （APP）, Pasteurella multocida and Porcine circovirus 2 （PCV2）. To characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in PRDC presentation in Colombia, 11 farms from three major production regions in Colombia were examined in this study. Nasal swabs, bronchial lavage and lung tissue samples were obtained from animals displaying symptoms compatible with SIV. Isolation of SIV was performed in 9-day embryonated chicken eggs or Madin-Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells. Positive isolates, identified via the hemagglutination inhibition test, were further analyzed using PCR. Overall, 7 of the 11 farms were positive for SIV. Notably, sequencing of the gene encoding the hemagglutinin （HA） protein led to grouping of strains into circulating viruses identified during the human outbreak of 2009, classified as pandemic H1N1-2009. Serum samples from 198 gilts and multiparous sows between 2008 and 2009 were obtained to determine antibody presence of APP, Myh, PCV2 and PRRSV in both SIV-H1Nlp-negative and -positive farms, but higher levels were recorded for SIV- HI Nlp-positive farms. Odds ratio （OR） and P values revealed statistically significant differences （p〈0.05） in PRDC presentation in gilts and multiparous sows of farms positive for SIV-HINlp. Our findings indicate that positive farms have increased risk of PRDC presentation, in particular, PCV2, APP and Myh.
文摘Objective To study the long-term effects of mitral valve replacement with bioprostheses in rheumatic heart valve disease. Methods 166 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease underwent isolated mitral valve replacement from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1985. 79 Patients were male and 87 female. Patients’ age ranged from 11 to 53 years [mean (29.4 ± 9.9) years]. The patients were classified into two groups: group 1 (age【 30 years) included 84 patients, group 2 (age≥30 years) 82 cases. Mean CTR is 0.68 *0.08. Most patients were in NYHA function class Ⅲ-Ⅳ. 76. 3% of patients had atrial fibrillation. 6 patients had pre-operative cerebral vascular accidents. Postoperative deaths were excluded. Follow-up extended from 0.4 year to 19.4 years. Results Actuarial estimate of survival rate at 14 years is (52.5 ± 7.0)%. Heart function was improved to class Ⅰ - Ⅱ in most of patients. Late structural valve deterioration occurred in 89 patients. Among them, 59 were re-operated. Actuarial estimate of freedom from
基金Supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2012DFA31120)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303094)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD14B15)~~
文摘[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.
文摘Respiratory pathogens are the main health problem in the swine industry worldwide. These pathogens are transmitted by direct contact between animals or by aerosols and however are not well known yet, if the environment works as its reservoir, inoculum and/or dispersion medium. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of respiratory pathogens in environmental samples from swine farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico, through of PCR and RT-PCR techniques. The bacteria Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were found viable in samples from water, food, soil and air. Streptococcus suis was found in a viable state in water samples. Haemophilus parasuis, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus and Swine Influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2) were detected in drinking water samples. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were not detected in environmental samples. These results suggest that the environment of the farms acts as a reservoir, inoculum and/or vehicle of dispersion for these pathogens except for M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),which serves as a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases and causes severe loss to the pig industry worldwide,can dysregulate the immune response and induce immunosuppression in PCV2-infected pigs.Similar to PCV2(porcine circovirus type 3(PCV3),a newly identified swine circovirus which might be closely associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,reproductive disorder,and multisystemic inflammatoty responses,also interferes with host immune defense.Interaction between host immune system and PCVs is considered to be a crucial determinant of pathogenicity in pigs.Here,we sought to briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the interaction of porcine circovirus type 2 and/or 3 with host immune cells and immune responses to better depict the viral immunomodulatory capacity,pathogenic mechanisms,and the future research direction in host immune responses to infection with PCV2 and PCV3.
