Distribution Performance Analysis and Experimental Research on the Port Plate Pairs of Low Speed High Torque Seawater Hydraulic Motor

The current research of seawater hydraulic motor mainly focused on piston motor and vane motor, but seldom regarded low speed high torque seawater hydraulic motor. Low speed high torque seawater hydraulic motor as a kind of energy conversion device and actuator plays an important role in seawater hydraulic transmission system. However, the physical and chemical properties of seawater, such as low viscosity, high causticity and poor lubrication, result in numerous problems. In this paper, the flow distribution characteristics of port plate pairs for the seawater hydraulic motor are investigated, and the leakage flow and power loss models of port plate pairs are established. Numerical simulations are carried out to examine the effects of water film, inlet pressure and rotating speed on the pressure distribution and leakage flow. And the friction and wear tests of port plate pairs are also carried out. Moreover, the test system of the seawater hydraulic motor is constructed and the performance of prototype with no-load or loading is conducted. The results indicate that the clearance of port plate pairs and inlet pressure have a significant effect on distribution characteristics, but the effect of rotating speed is not very obvious. The experimental results show that the minimum error rate can be maintained within 0.3% by the proposed flow model and the counter materials of 316 L against carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone(CFRPEEK) are suitable for the port plate pairs of seawater hydraulic motor. Finally, based on the seawater hydraulic experiment platform, the volumetric efficiency of no-load and loading are obtained that the maximum can achieve 94.71% and 90.14%, respectively. This research work may improve the flow distribution performance, lubrication and the friction and wear properties, enhance energy converting efficiency of port plate pair and provide theoretical and technical support for the design of highperformance water hydraulic components.

90% <i>SNR</i>Improvement with Multi-Port Hall Plates

For Hall plates, the ratio of signal over thermal noise is determined by material properties, thickness, layout geometry, magnetic field, and the electric power at which the plate is operated. For traditional Hall plates with four contacts, the optimum choice is a symmetrical device with medium-sized contacts. This paper shows that the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) can be further increased by up to 90% for Hall plates with more than four contacts. Supply currents flow through several pairs of contacts, while a signal conditioning circuit taps output voltages at all pairs of contacts and sums them up. We compute the total thermal noise of the sum of correlated noise voltages and relate it to the total magnetic sensitivity. We also prove that for electrically linear devices a spinning current scheme cancels out zero point errors (offset errors) in a strict sense. All our investigations use the definite resistance matrix of multi-port Hall plates. We develop an analytical theory based on recent advances in the theory of Hall plates, and then we compute the integrals and matrices numerically for symmetrical Hall plates with six to 40 contacts. We also present measurements in accordance with our theory.

轴向柱塞泵配流副椭圆开口偏置类抛物线微织构多目标优化

为了提高轴向柱塞泵配流副承载性能、抗摩擦磨性能及容积效率,以某型斜盘式轴向柱塞泵配流盘为原型开展研究。首先,依据正交实验理论采用CFD方法研究椭圆开口偏置抛物线微织构(Elliptic opening offset parabola micro texture, EOOPT)形状参数对轴向柱塞泵配流副承载压强、摩擦因数的影响规律,并联合运用神经网络和遗传算法对EOOPT的形状参数进行优化设计。其次,运用响应面分析方法研究EOOPT分布参数对配流副承载压强、摩擦因数和泄漏量的影响规律,并对形状参数进行优化设计。最后对最优特征参数EOOPT织构化的柱塞泵配流副和未织构的相关性能进行对比分析,结果表明,前者的承载压强较后者提高11.23%,摩擦因数和泄漏量分别减低16.67%和2.96%。

基于预吸排油结构的柱塞泵配流盘优化

配流盘过渡区域的结构对于柱塞泵的脉动抑制以及减振降噪起着至关重要的作用。基于配流盘吸空抑制原理,对配流盘过渡区进行结构优化。首先计算为了平衡节流面积变化速率和柱塞腔运动速率所需增加的节流面积,并对配流盘过渡区结构进行优化。然后通过PumpLinx对轴向柱塞泵压力、流量脉动以及空化进行了仿真分析与验证。结果表明,优化后的配流盘过渡区结构可以有效降低压力、流量脉动,缓解空化发生。

轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜温度特性

柱塞泵配流副油膜温度分布影响配流副油膜润滑、泄漏与摩擦。为了探究轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜的温度分布,搭建了配流副三点油膜厚度与多点温度测试平台。根据采集的配流副油膜三点膜厚试验数据,建立了配流副楔形油膜模型;考虑了柱塞腔、配流副油膜对缸体的静压力、配流副表面微凸体间作用力,建立了缸体轴向力平衡方程;考虑了配流副油膜的能量损失、热传导以及油液黏温特性,建立了配流副油膜热平衡模型。结果表明,配流副油膜最高温度值随着压力和斜盘倾角的增大而增大,最高温度点位置保持在高压腰型槽对称线两侧-20°~20°的区域内;最高温度理论与试验结果的相对误差小于8%。

柱塞倾斜分布式球面配流重载柱塞泵泄漏特性

倾斜柱塞结构和球面配流副因结构紧凑、抗倾覆力矩强等优点广泛应用于重载柱塞泵,随着工程技术的发展及高端制造业需求,柱塞泵的使用压力逐渐提高,油液泄漏加剧,设计间隙和容积效率成为评价柱塞泵性能好坏的重要指标。以倾斜柱塞和球面配流结构的重载柱塞泵为研究对象,分析柱塞的运动学特性,研究倾斜柱塞副泄漏、球面配流副泄漏和滑靴副泄漏的理论方程。结果表明,倾斜柱塞副的泄漏随配合间隙及柱塞腔压差增大而增大,球面配流副泄漏间隙主要与动力黏度、泵工作压力及缸体角速度相关,滑靴副的泄漏主要和柱塞阻尼孔长度和阻尼孔直径相关。最终,通过泄漏试验验证了理论结果的准确性,理论值与实验值误差不超过8%,为重载柱塞泵的结构设计与性能优化提供理论基础。

基于圆柱型表面织构的配流盘摩擦特性研究

建立了带有圆柱型微观织构配流盘的油膜弹流润滑模型,采用有限差分法求解雷诺方程,迭代之后求得符合误差允许的离散近似解。将得到的数值解导入MATLAB中绘制出微观织构配流副油膜特性云图。通过对比不同工况下带有微观织构与不带微观织构的配流盘之间的油膜摩擦特性差异,发现织构表面的配流盘能有效提高油膜的承载力,减少配流盘与缸体之间的接触,减小摩擦系数,改善润滑条件。

非对称轴向柱塞泵配流副压力脉动特性分析

为了节省功率电传系统的安装空间和重量,需要用泵直接闭环控制差动缸运动,将泵的吸油配流窗口改为2个窗口,以匹配差动缸的面积比。该结构变化导致其压力脉动增大,产生大的振动噪声,为了减小其影响,提出了一种阻尼槽-缓冲容腔-导油槽非对称配流盘结构,针对该结构开展了非对称配流流量特性的内部流场仿真分析,并通过了压力脉动特性试验验证。结果表明了非对称轴向柱塞泵的配流结构设计与仿真的合理性,实现了液压泵的新功能。

海陆交汇吹填土港池内新建道路地基处理的工艺对比

为解决填海围堰造出来的陆地各项指标不具备施工条件,而必须经过地基处理达到一定强度后才能进行后续施工的问题,结合项目应用实例,对海陆交汇吹填土地基处理工艺进行了研究。通过对堆载预压法、真空预压法、井点降水联合强夯法、振动水冲法、固化法等5种吹填土地基加固方案进行比选后,决定采用轻型井点+强夯的处理方式,并通过检测结果验证了该方法的适应性,总结的经验可为相关项目提供参考。

Simulation and Experimental Study on Influence of Multi⁃port Integrated Hydraulic Transformer Port Number on Transformer Ratio Characteristics

The integrated hydraulic transformer has a compact structure and no throttling loss in the process of pressure regulation.It is widely used in the common pressure rail hydrostatic transmission system.The integrated hydraulic transformer is realized by designing more than three ports on the distribution plate,and the voltage transformation characteristics of the integrated hydraulic transformer with different port numbers are different.In this paper,the influence of port number on the pressure ratio of integrated hydraulic transformer was studied,and the pressure ratio characteristics of 3⁃ports,4⁃ports,and 5⁃ports integrated hydraulic transformer were obtained,and an experimental platform was built for experimental verification,which shows that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results and provides a theoretical basis for the design of integrated hydraulic transformer.

The Ultimate Noise Limit for Hall Plates in Voltage, Current, and Hybrid Operating Modes

If Hall plates are used as magnetic field sensors they are usually powered up by a current source connected to a pair of non-neighboring contacts. The output voltage is tapped at another pair of non-neighboring contacts. In this paper we study more general operating conditions of Hall plates with an arbitrary number of contacts. In such hybrid operating modes current sources are connected to a first set of contacts and voltage sources to a second set of contacts. Output voltages are tapped at the first set of contacts and output currents are measured at the second set of contacts. All these output signals are multiplied by coefficients and added up. The purpose of this work is to figure out which operating mode and which Hall plate achieve maximum signal at minimum thermal noise and power dissipation. To this end we develop a theory, which gives the ratio of signal over noise and power as a function of the resistance matrix of Hall plates, of the supply voltages and currents, and of the coefficients. Optimization is done analytically in closed form and numerically for specific examples. The results are: 1) all operating modes have identical noise performance if their parameters are optimized;2) for any Hall plate one can measure its resistance matrix and insert its values into our formulae to obtain the optimum supply currents and coefficients for optimum noise performance.

基于分形理论的柱塞泵/马达配流副润滑特性研究

为研究配流盘表面形貌对配流副润滑特性的影响,采用分形理论模拟配流盘表面形貌,建立轴向柱塞泵配流副润滑模型,使用有限差分法对模型进行求解,探讨分形参数对表面轮廓的影响,并进一步分析分形参数和配流副工况参数对油膜承载力、摩擦力、摩擦转矩和摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:分形维数越大,表面轮廓形貌复杂度越高,且粗糙表面高度随尺度系数减小而降低;随着缸体倾角和转速的增大,油膜承载力提升,但摩擦力、摩擦转矩和摩擦因数也随之升高;配流副润滑性能与分形维数呈现正相关的关系,选取较大的分形维数有利于提升配流副的润滑性能;尺度系数越小其摩擦力越小,但承载力也减小,因此需选择适中的尺度系数。

基于二次单元的主动升沉补偿系统低速特性仿真

针对某主动升沉补偿(AHC)系统样机中存在的低速运行不稳定问题,分析二次单元及AHC系统工作原理,建立二次单元的数学模型,使用MATLAB/Simulink和AMESim软件建立基于二次单元的AHC系统仿真模型来研究低速特性。结果表明:配流盘结构会显著影响二次单元本体的流量脉动大小和AHC系统的低速稳定性;AHC的负载质量越大时低速控制下的转速脉动越大;改变二次单元机械效率对低速脉动影响较小;改变二次单元的容积效率不影响低速脉动率。

闸变量式轴向柱塞泵的流量特性

为研究闸变量式轴向柱塞泵的流量特性,建立闸变量式轴向柱塞泵机构模型,对其变量原理进行论述,并推导相关公式,在考虑泵柱塞数为奇数和偶数情况下,将闸变量式轴向柱塞泵的流量特性与斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的流量特性进行对比仿真分析。结果表明:采用闸变量式轴向柱塞泵,无论泵柱塞数为奇数还是偶数,泵的周期瞬态流量曲线形状发生变化,但瞬态流量周期没有发生改变;斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的流量脉动不随斜盘斜角的变化而变化,闸变量式轴向柱塞泵的流量脉动随配流盘转角增大而增大,且增大趋势逐渐增加。因此,采用闸变量式轴向柱塞泵时要考虑在满足泵实际排量变化范围要求下尽量控制配流盘最大转角范围,并且对闸变量式轴向柱塞泵采取必要的稳流措施非常重要。

PE1200×1400复摆颚式破碎机研究与应用

城门山铜矿选矿厂破碎系统中,颚式破碎机因设计不合理,破碎效果差,设备运行状态检测能力弱,颚破腔堵斗现象时常发生,排矿口调整困难。通过对颚式破碎机动颚运动轨迹、齿板结构形式、破碎腔型、排矿口调整装置、设备运行监测进行研究,解决了颚式破碎机经常性堵斗、排矿口调整困难等问题。

综合管廊结构出线口预制钢构件补强性能分析

随着城市用电规模的增大,装承电缆的地下综合管廊普遍需要设置接驳口将电缆引出。传统的接驳口施工方法多采用明挖法,具有施工周期长、施工困难的缺点。该研究基于广州市某地下综合管廊项目,提出一种新型预制钢板接驳口构件,并探究其在实际工作环境下的工作性能。研究表明,接驳口在钢板厚度不超过10 mm、常规弹性模量的条件下,具有较传统现浇混凝土接驳口结构更优秀的工作性能。而相比钢板本身,连接钢板与管廊墙体的螺栓对预制钢板接驳口的性能影响不大。

液压轴向柱塞泵配流盘气蚀机理

对轴向柱塞泵配流盘进行气蚀试验。在试验条件相同的情况下,根据减压槽处结构不同的配流盘,得到两种截然不同的气蚀破坏结果。针对试验中两种配流盘的配流过程进行计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)解析,得到了配流盘不同位置的速度分布,以及压力、速度随缸体转角的变化曲线:得出配流盘发生气蚀的机理,即气蚀不仅取决于配流盘附近的速度和压力大小,还取决于速度的方向——射流角:提出通过改变配流盘结构,将油液回冲阶段初期的射流角控制在30°～60°内来减少配流盘上气蚀的方法。根据配流盘气蚀产生的机理将油液回冲阶段初期的射流角控制在30°～48°,经过试验,就气蚀破坏来讲配流盘的寿命延长到了原来的4倍多。

液压电机泵内置孔板离心泵的流场解析与优化

基于离心泵的基本原理和集成化思想,提出了一种电动机、液压叶片泵和孔板离心泵三体合一的液压电机泵结构,其中孔板离心泵作为叶片泵的前置辅助泵,用以提高叶片泵的进口压力,保证主泵吸油充足,突现出液压电机泵的结构紧凑、低噪音、效率较高、无外泄漏等优点。应用流场解析技术,获得了孔板离心泵主要结构参数对其升压效果和效率的影响规律,并总结出孔板离心泵的设计原则。研究发现:当离心管倾角为45°、偏角在45°～60°时,孔板离心泵具有显著的升压效果,其消耗的功率占电机泵额定功率的0.41%,表明孔板离心泵的引入对整个电机泵的功率特性影响很小,孔板离心泵自身效率可达95%以上,而包含引油窗孔流道的孔板离心泵的整体效率为22%,孔板离心泵出口至主泵引油窗孔之间的涡流损失是造成孔板离心泵整体效率降低的主要原因。

轴向柱塞泵配流副低压区织构化数值分析

针对轴向柱塞泵配流副受力不均匀、配流盘承受偏载力矩、低压区摩擦润滑效果差等问题,提出对配流副低压区进行织构化。建立了配流副低压区织构化的分析模型。研究了微凹坑直径、深度、面积率对低压区的油膜承载力、补偿力矩的影响。结果表明:较大直径的微凹坑提供较大的承载力和补偿力矩;面积率的合适范围为12%～18%,微凹坑的深度对承载力和补偿力矩影响较大。

弹性变形对轴向柱塞泵配流副润滑特性的影响

考虑到配流副在高压条件下的弹性变形量已与油膜厚度同一量级,该文应用弹性流体动力润滑理论,建立了弹性变形条件下配流副的润滑数学模型,采用有限差分法求解了模型的控制方程,进行了弹性变形对配流副润滑特性的影响分析。结果表明,在油膜厚度较小时,配流副的弹性变形使平均油膜厚度相比增大了14.48%,但最大油膜压力却减小了18.60%,且配流副的油膜承载力和泄漏量明显增大,而摩擦转矩明显减小;但油膜厚度大于15?m时,可以忽略弹性变形对配流副润滑特性的影响。研究为高压化轴向柱塞泵配流副的设计与研究打下了基础。