Design of Cold-Junction Compensation and Disconnection Detection Circuits of Various Thermocouples and Implementation of Multi-Channel Interfaces Using Them-A Secondary Publication

Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.

A New Simulation Model for Recoil Analysis of Deep-Water Drilling Risers After Emergency Disconnection

The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.

Gastroduodenal artery disconnection during liver transplantation decreases non-anastomotic stricture incidence

Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepatic artery flow.Whether this procedure attenuates biliary non-anastomotic stricture(NAS)is not clear.Methods:A total of 241 patients with LT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the GDA disconnection(GDA-)and GDA preservation(GDA+)groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was administrated to reduce bias.Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors for biliary NAS before and after PSM.Postoperative complications were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival.Results:In all,99 patients(41.1%)underwent GDA disconnection,and 49(20.3%)developed NAS.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that GDA preservation(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.11-4.53;P=0.025)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score>15(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.12-4.11;P=0.022)were risk factors for biliary NAS.PSM provided 66 pairs using 1:2 matching method,including 66 GDA disconnection and 99 GDA preservation patients.Multivariate logistic regression after PSM also showed that GDA preservation(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.26-7.89;P=0.014)and MELD score>15(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.08-5.36;P=0.031)were risk factors for NAS.When comparing complications between the two groups,GDA preservation was associated with a higher incidence of biliary NAS before and after PSM(P=0.031 and 0.017,respectively).In contrast,other complications including early allograft dysfunction(P=0.620),small-for-size graft syndrome(P=0.441),abdominal hemorrhage(P=1.000),major complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥3,P=0.318),and overall survival(P=0.088)were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:GDA disconnection during LT ameliorates biliary NAS incidence and may be recommended for application in clinical practice.

Study of the Impact of Grid Disconnections on the Production of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: Case of Diamniadio Power Plant

Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.

Morphogenesis of Floating Bone Segments: A Legacy of Serial Tensile Cross-Strut Microdamage in Trabecular Disconnection “Crumple Zones”?

Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.

A Study of Digital Disconnection Among Older Adults in the Internet Age

With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.

浅议欧盟/欧共体对外条约中的“断开条款(disconnection clause)”

欧盟法意义上的"断开条款"是指欧盟/欧共体在对外订立条约时就规定的、在共同体成员国之间适用欧盟/欧共体条款而非公约的一类特殊条款。该条款目前被作为一种格式化条款在欧盟对外条约中得到经常性的运用,它保障了欧盟内部法制的统一和欧盟法律的最高性,但却对欧盟的对外关系、人权公约和国际法本身带来了一些负面影响,因此需要在实践中对该条款的适用进行平衡和个案分析。

Integrated risk management: a Petrobras application in offshore well construction safety to minimize critical emergency disconnections

In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence （EDS） available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers （BOPs）, and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time （time without riser safety margin and shear capability） for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.

Perioperative advantages of modified laparoscopic vs open splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection

AIM: To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy or open splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection for portal hypertension.METHODS: This study included 44 patients who underwent modified laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection(MLSD) and 71 who underwent open procedures for portal hypertension. Blood samples were collected before surgery and on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery. Markers of liver and renal function, C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and procalcitonin(PCT) were measured, and perioperative variables were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The modified laparoscopic group showed significantly better and faster recovery, better liver and renal function, and fewer complications than the open group. CRP, IL-6, and PCT concentrations on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 were significantly lower in the modified laparoscopic group than in the open group.CONCLUSION: MLSD was associated with lower inflammatory immune responses, less impairment of liver and renal function, and faster and better recovery.

Modified laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection combined with cell salvage is feasible and might reduce the need for blood transfusion

AIM:To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection(MLSD)with intraoperative autologous cell salvage.METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in79 patients admitted to the Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University with cirrhosis,portal hypertensive bleeding and secondary hypersplenism who underwent MLSD without(n=46)or with intraoperative cell salvage and autologous blood transfusion,including splenic blood and operative hemorrhage(n=33),between February 2012 and January 2014.Their intraoperative and postoperative variables were compared.These variables mainly included:operation time;estimated intraoperative blood loss;volume of allogeneic blood transfused;visual analog scale forpain on the first postoperative day;time to first oral intake;initial passage of flatus and off-bed activity;perioperative hemoglobin(Hb)concentration;and red blood cell concentration.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of duration of surgery,estimated intraoperative blood loss and overall perioperative complication rate.In those receiving salvaged autologous blood,Hb concentration increased by an average of 11.2±4.8 g/L(P<0.05)from preoperative levels by the first postoperative day,but it had fallen by 9.8±6.45 g/L(P<0.05)in the group in which cell salvage was not used.Preoperative Hb was similar in the two groups(P>0.05),but Hb on the first postoperative day was significantly higher in the autologous blood transfusion group(118.5±15.8g/L vs 102.7±15.6 g/L,P<0.05).The autologous blood transfusion group experienced significantly fewer postoperative days of temperature>38.0℃(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Intraoperative cell salvage during MLSD is feasible and safe and may become the gold standard for liver cirrhosis with portal hypertensive bleeding and hypersplenism.

Posterior quadrantic disconnection maintains the activity of isolated temporal-parietal-occipital nerve tissue: neuroprotective measures in the surgical treatment of epilepsy

Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere （temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes） induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. Maintenance of isolated nerve tissue activity after surgery plays a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of neurosurgery treatment. Disconnection surgery of the posterior quadrant is used to completely isolate nerve fibers, while blood supply at the isolated lobes is maintained. Subsequently, cavities caused by cystic or necrotic nerve tissues should be reduced as much as possible,

Road Lateral Disconnection and Crossing Impacts in River Landscape of Lancang River Valley in Yunnan Province,China

Roads are conspicuous components in a river landscape;however,their impacts on river landscape patterns and ecological processes have not been systematically studied at the watershed scale.In this paper,the Lancang River Valley in Yunnan Province,China was selected as a case to study road lateral disconnection and crossing impacts and identify river-road network interaction.This study was primarily focused on the road impacts on soil erosion intensity and patch density by using GIS analysis at different scales and explored their distribution with terrain factors.The results showed that river density revealed spatial autocorrelation although both of the roads and rivers were distributed unevenly in the valley.The lateral road(road curvature≥1.1)proportion correlated with soil erosion intensity(p 0.01)at the small sub-basin scale.Soil erosion intensity decreased with increasing lateral road buffer width.Light erosion generally accounted for a large proportion of the erosion in the lateral road buffer zones(1.0–4.0 km),while higher class lateral roads imposed greater impacts on soil erosion than lower class roads,which primarily had a moderate erosion level.In addition,the results of road-river intersection density indicated that road crossing impacts were significantly correlated with patch density at the small sub-basin scale.Topography factor(percent of slope>25°in each sub-basin had a close relationship with the ratio of total length of road line with curvature value≥1.1 to the total number of intersections.The correlation(p 0.01)between road impacts and terrain factor revealed that topography affected the road impact distribution in the Lancang River Valley.

An Analytical Framework for Disconnection Prediction in Wireless Networks

The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.

Description of interhemispheric disconnection syndrome in a patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease

Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosensory stimulation of both hands, hemialexia and unilateral left-side apraxia. Subsequently, changes were also observed in the sensory interhemispheric transfer and in tests of crossed motor control. In Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) there have been descriptions of partial IDS. The aim is to describe the dissociations in IDS that are presented in a patient with MBD, using a specialized assessment methodology. Patient and Method: A 54-year-old patient, righthanded, with 11 years of schooling, presented with antecedent chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychological tests were administered for general assessment along with specific tests of interhemispheric transference. Results: Borderline changes were found in visual memory, visual-constructive abilities and attention and executive functioning. In tasks of interhemispheric transference the patient showed changes in: the imitation of hand poses;inter-manual pressure point localization (tactile stimulation);reading aloud of words by visual hemifield;and movement control. Conclusion: Our patient showed a wide lesion of the Corpus Callosum (CC) with relative preservation of the splenium, accompanied by partial disconnection syndrome in the context of a global cognitive deterioration from his chronic alcoholism.

Layer stacked SiO_(x) microparticle with disconnected interstices enables stable interphase and particle integrity for lithium-ion batteries

Severe mechanical fractu re and unstable interphase,associated with the large volumetric expansion/contraction,significantly hinder the application of high-capacity SiO_(x)materials in lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we report the design and facile synthesis of a layer stacked SiO_(x)microparticle(LS-SiO_(x))material,which presents a stacking structure of SiO_(x)layers with abundant disconnected interstices.This LS-SiO_(x)microparticle can effectively accommodate the volume expansion,while ensuring negligible particle expansion.More importantly,the interstices within SiO_(x)microparticle are disconnected from each other,which efficiently prevent the electrolyte from infiltration into the interior,achieving stable electrode/-electrolyte interface.Accordingly,the LS-SiO_(x)material without any coating delivers ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency,outstanding cycling stability,and full-cell applicability.Only 6 cycles can attain>99.92%Coulombic efficiency and the capacity retention at 0.05 A g^(-1)for 100 cycles exceeds99%.After 800 cycles at 1 A g^(-1),the thickness swelling of LS-SiO_(x)electrode is as low as 0.87%.Moreover,the full cell with pure LS-SiO_(x)anode exhibits capacity retention of 91.2%after 300 cycles at 0.2 C.This work provides a novel concept and effective approach to rationally design silicon-based and other electrode materials with huge volume variation for electrochemical energy storage applications.

多间隔信息融合的母线保护电流互感器断线再开放策略

对于电流互感器(CT)断线后发生金属性故障的情景,现有母线保护采取的闭锁差动保护动作方式将会引发多个变电站停电。此外,当母线区内发生高阻接地故障时,现有母线保护判据可能会将其误判为CT断线故障,不利于电力系统的安全稳定运行。针对这一问题,提出了一种母线保护CT断线再开放策略,该策略基于断线间隔与非断线间隔的零序电流变化量对负荷波动和故障进行区分,并基于非断线间隔的差流有效值和间隔失灵保护信息对区内外故障进行判别。实时数字仿真系统仿真结果验证了所提CT断线识别判据和再开放策略的正确性。

一种基于磁耦合转移原理的10kV直流断路器

直流电流没有自然过零点,因此开断直流短路电流比开断交流短路电流更为困难。本文介绍一种基于磁耦合电流转移原理的中压10kV直流断路器拓扑方案,该断路器可实现对15kA直流电流的快速开断。首先,对直流断路器原理和控制逻辑进行介绍;然后,根据拓扑方案提出快速机械开关、电力电子开关、磁耦合装置等核心部件的设计思路;最后,搭建仿真模型对该方案进行仿真分析,模拟不同工况下的开断情况,仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性。

“断亲”为何?--试论中国人际关系的变迁

当前中国社会出现的断亲现象,理论上可区分为宏观意义上的一般性解释、中层意义上的跨文化以及社会学本土化中的“关系性”解释。从人情与面子的研究框架出发予以审视,以往的各种理论均倾向于从社会结构角度解释这一现象,即认为“断亲”是由工业化、城市化、市场化所引发的社会流动导致的个体化结果。而人情与面子的研究框架则将此种社会现象指向行动主体的主观意图,即如果一个人的地方社会网络能够给其带来充沛的社会资源,那么他不会采取“断亲”行为;当一个人从其原有的地方网络中无法获得他所要的社会资源,或此资源已派不上用场时,其依附性便随之消失。但这并不意味着关系本身不再重要,因为现代性社会生活会使人们在自己的生活或事业领域重建自己的社会网络,“断亲”只是表示与旧有的亲属网络不再发生联系。

结合全局特征与局部互通的河流断流接续优化

高分辨率遥感影像的水体提取常因地物类型复杂、部分河流狭窄等因素导致水体提取结果不完整、不连续。因此,结合水体自身光谱和纹理特征,提出了一种结合全局特征与局部互通的遥感影像水体提取优化方法。首先,在水体提取初始结果的基础上,通过多尺度Frangi滤波和大津法(OTSU)分割算法提取线性支流,对河流进行补充得到初步优化结果。然后,结合局部互通的断流接续算法,对初步优化结果中的断流部分进行连接。最后,通过K-means聚类提取水体部分,并与精确优化结果进行拓扑检查及光谱检查,实现块状水体的验证筛选。实验结果表明,本文方法能够提取到细小支流,提高优化的准确度;断流接续算法的加入,有助于提高河流提取的完整性。与其他方法相比,本文方法的总体精度分别提高1.04%、1.50%,F1分别提高5.84%、8.28%,可以作为有效提升水体优化后处理的手段,提高了水体提取的完整度和精度。

钛合金板爆炸断离效果的研究

航空发动机叶片的丢失模拟试验对于机匣包容设计具有重大意义,该试验的难点在于如何控制转子叶片达到允许的最高转速时发生断离。为研究人为断离发动机转子叶片的最佳分离结构,采取爆炸分离的方法,设计了在断离处两侧开Ⅴ型槽下中心开单孔和中心开双孔两种结构TC4钛合金板的静态模拟试验。TC4钛合金板选用规格为100 mm×80 mm×23 mm,采用AUTODYN数值模拟软件进行仿真计算,并结合试验对比两种结构5个方案的板材损伤及附加动能大小。结果表明:方案Ⅱ、Ⅴ未成功断离,方案Ⅲ对样板损伤较大,方案Ⅰ、Ⅳ能较好地分离样板;在相同装药量情况下,双孔结构板材断裂后位移量明显大于两侧开Ⅴ型槽中心开单孔结构的材断裂后位移量。进一步分析得出:Ⅴ型开槽结构可以降低爆炸对板材的损伤,提高炸药能量利用率,降低对板材的附加动能,相较于双孔结构峰值速度降低20%,逸散速度降低40%。研究成果可为探究断离TC4钛合金板最佳结构提供参考。