The relationship between the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells and the pathological manifestations of the liver in 429 HBeAg-positive chronic HBV-infected individuals

Background:The natural history of chronic HBV infection is typically characterized by four stages:the immune tolerance period,the immune clearance period,the immune control period,and the immune escape period.These stages are associated with the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells;however,this relationship remains a topic of broad debate within the field of liver disease.To objectively and quantitatively measure the intracellular distribution of HBcAg,this paper aims to design a method referred to as the“layered evaluation method”and to examine its validation.Methods:The distribution of HBcAg in liver cells is assessed using Image Pro Plus image processing software,along with calculations of cytoplasmic and nuclear positive staining rates.Results:The findings indicate that the highest proportion of patients exhibited a positive cytoplasmic expression rate ranging from 0-2.5%.More than 40% of the total sample was categorized within the 0-2.5% positive nuclear expression range.The HBcAg cytoplasmic positive staining rates were classified into five levels:a cytoplasmic HBcAg positive staining rate of less than 0.05% is designated as level 0,indicating negative expression;a staining rate between 0.05% and 5% is classified as level 1;a rate from 5% to less than 10% is classified as level 2;a rate from 10% to less than 20% is classified as level 3;and a nuclear positivity rate exceeding 20% is classified as level 4.Conclusion:The inflammatory activity grade in these patients was positively correlated with the cytoplasmic distribution of HBcAg.Furthermore,the nuclear distribution rate of HBcAg was significantly higher in the G3 group compared to the other groups.

Positive Rate of Different Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,a General Tertiary Hospital in Beijing

Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus （HBV） serological markers, and the demographic factors related to HBV infection. Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers, such as HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）, HBV surface antibody （HBsAb）, hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）, hepatitis B e antibody （HBeAb）, HBV core antibody （HBcAb）, and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender, age, and department, respectively. The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed. Results Among 27 409 samples included, 2681 （9.8%） were HBsAg positive. When patients were divided into 9 age groups, the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%, 9.6%, 12.3%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 9.7%, 8.0%, 5.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department, surgical department, and health examination center was 16.2%, 5.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg of males （13.3%） was higher than that of females （7.3%, P=0.000）. Among the 2681 HBsAg （＋） patients, 1230 （45.9%） had HBV-DNA test, of whom 564 （45.9%） were positive. Patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋）, and HBcAg （＋） result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results （71.8%, P=0.000）. Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital, the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high. Age group of 20-29, males, and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.

Method for determining the position of landslide slip-surface with a typical inclinometric curves

In the actual monitoring of deep hole displacement,the identification of slip surfaces is primarily based on abrupt changes observed in the inclinometric curve.In conventional identification methods,inclinometric curves exhibiting indications of sliding can be categorized into three types:B-type,D-type,and r-type.The position of the slip surface is typically determined by identifying the depth corresponding to the point of maximum displacement mutation.However,this method is sensitive to the interval of measurement points and the observation scale of the coordinate axes and suffers from unclear sliding surfaces and uncertain values.Based on the variation characteristics of these diagonal curves,we classified the landslide into three components:the sliding body,the sliding interval,and the immobile body.Moreover,three different generalization models were established to analyze the relationships between the curve form and the slip surface location based on different physical indicators such as displacement rate,relative displacement,and acceleration.The results show that the displacement rate curves of an r-type slope exhibit a clustering feature in the sliding interval,and by solving for the depth of discrete points within the step phase,it is possible to determine the location of the slip surface.On the other hand,D-type slopes have inflection points in the relative displacement curve located at the slip surface.The acceleration curves of B-type slopes exhibit clustering characteristics during the sliding interval,while the scattered acceleration data demonstrate wandering characteristics.Consequently,the slip surface location can be revealed by solving the depth corresponding to the maximum acceleration with cubic spline interpolation.The approach proposed in this paper was applied to the monitoring data of a landslide in Yunnan Province,China.The results indicate that our approach can accurately identify the slip surface location and enable computability of its position,thereby enhancing applicability and reliability of the deep-hole displacement monitoring data.

A comparative study on the reactivity of charged Ni-rich and Ni-poor positive electrodes with electrolyte at elevated temperatures using accelerating rate calorimetry

The reactivity between charged Li(Li_(0.115)Mn_(0.529)Ni_(0.339)Al_(0.017))O_(2)(Li-rich),single crystal Li(Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1))O_(2)(SC-NMC811),LiFePO_(4)(LFP) and LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4)(LMFP) positive electrodes at different states of charge(SOCs) and traditional carbonate-based electrolyte at elevated temperatures is systematically studied using accelerating rate calorimetry(ARC).The results show that the SOC greatly affects the thermal stability of the Li-rich and SC-NMC811 when traditional carbonate-based electrolyte is used.Although an increase in the SOC increases the energy density of lithium-ion cells,it also increases the reactivity between charged Li-rich and SC-NMC811 samples with electrolyte at elevated temperatures.In comparison with SC-NMC811,the Li-rich samples are much more stable at elevated temperatures,and the latter have higher specific capacity.SC-NMC811 samples are less reactive than traditional polycrystalline NMC811.Both LFP and LMFP samples show excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures.The substitution of Fe by Mn in the olivine series positive materials does not impact the reactivity with electrolyte.

Study of the Effect of Two New Types of IUDs,TCu380A and GyneFix on the Positive Rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis

To analyze the effect of two types of IUDs, TCu380A and GyneFix on the positive rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis (CT). Methods The TCu380A and GyneFix IUDs were compared in a randomized was for the one year and two year positive rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis (CT) and with the control respectively. Results The one year positive rate of CT antigens was 5.63% of TCu380A and two year was 4.92%; the one year positive rate of CT antigens was 4.62% and two year was 5.08% of GyneFix. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of CT antigen between the TCu380A IUD, and GyneFix IUDs groups, while there were significant differences between the TCu380A IUD, GyneFix IUD and the controls (15.18%) respectively. Conclusion Both IUDs provide highly effective protection against CT infection.

A Positive Analysis on Personal Saving Rate between America and China

The level of saving not only influences the life of individuals, but also plays an important role in a country＇s development. Accordingly, the studying on saving is becoming a focus problem in modem life. In recent years, the personal saving rate in the United States has fallen sharply, but the personal saving rate in China is at an astoundingly high level. This paper studies this problem with the positive analysis method from the situation; the reasons of the saving rate disparity between the U.S. and .China, and put forward some proposals about how to deal with the saving problems.

CONVERGENCE RATE FOR ITERATES OF q-BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIALS

Recently, q-Bernstein polynomials have been intensively investigated by a number of authors. Their results show that for q ≠ 1, q-Bernstein polynomials possess of many interesting properties. In this paper, the convergence rate for iterates of both q-Bernstein polynomials and their Boolean sum are estimated. Moreover, the saturation of {Bn（., qn）} when n → ∞ and convergence rate of Bn（f,q;x） when f ∈ C^n-1 [0, 1], q → ∞ are also presented.

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates after different vaccination schemes:An online survey in Turkey

Objective:To identify effects of various nationwide vaccination protocols on the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 infections among adult population and to evaluate the safety of mRNA(BioNTech/Pfizer)vaccine.Methods:Totally 10735 adult volunteers that received at least one dose of BioNTech/Pfizer or triple doses of CoronaVac participated in this cross-sectional-online survey between 1 and 10 September 2021.The information was collected covering a 5-month period from April 2021 to September 2021.Information about people who were vaccinated with only single and double dose CoronaVac were not included in this study.Results:At least one side effect after single and double dose of BioNTech/Pfizer and triple doses of CoronaVac were observed in 42.1%,42.5%and 10.9%,respectively.The most common side effects were shoulder/arm pain,weakness/fatigue,muscle/joint pain and headache.The side effects were the most frequent in single BioNTech/Pfizer,while it was the least in triple CoronaVac.The rate of positive PCR tests before vaccination was 17.6%,and decreased to 3.0%after vaccination.The rates of positive SARS CoV-2-PCR were 18.8%,3.5%,3.1%,0.5%and 4.6%in single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.While 1.8%of PCR positive COVID-19 cases needed intensive unit care in the pre-vaccination period,intensive care unit was required in 0%,1.5%,2.4%,0%and 4.2%after single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.Reinfection rate after vaccination was 0.4%.Conclusions:The rarity of COVID-19 infection after vaccination suggests that efficacy of vaccines is maintained.On the other hand,the data underscore the critical importance of continued public health mitigation.

Intrusion Detection Using Federated Learning for Computing

The integration of clusters,grids,clouds,edges and other computing platforms result in contemporary technology of jungle computing.This novel technique has the aptitude to tackle high performance computation systems and it manages the usage of all computing platforms at a time.Federated learning is a collaborative machine learning approach without centralized training data.The proposed system effectively detects the intrusion attack without human intervention and subsequently detects anomalous deviations in device communication behavior,potentially caused by malicious adversaries and it can emerge with new and unknown attacks.The main objective is to learn overall behavior of an intruder while performing attacks to the assumed target service.Moreover,the updated system model is send to the centralized server in jungle computing,to detect their pattern.Federated learning greatly helps the machine to study the type of attack from each device and this technique paves a way to complete dominion over all malicious behaviors.In our proposed work,we have implemented an intrusion detection system that has high accuracy,low False Positive Rate(FPR)scalable,and versatile for the jungle computing environment.The execution time taken to complete a round is less than two seconds,with an accuracy rate of 96%.

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及药敏试验分析

目的回顾性分析该院腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(PDAP)的病原菌谱特点及预后转归情况,为该院腹膜炎的防治提供科学依据。方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2023年2月该院收治的69例PDAP患者的临床资料,分析其发病原因、病原菌谱特点及预后转归情况。结果69例PDAP患者腹膜透析透出液共培养出病原菌43例,阳性率为62.32%,43例病原菌中革兰阳性菌23例(53.49%),革兰阴性菌17例(39.53%),真菌3例(6.98%)。43例病原菌感染原因包括肠道感染18例(41.86%),换液操作不规范11例(25.58%),呼吸道感染8例(18.60%),原因不明6例(13.95%)。革兰阳性菌以表皮葡萄球菌(10例)为主,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌(7例)为主。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素、替考拉宁、莫西沙星均敏感,对克林霉素(52.17%)、红霉素(56.52%)、阿莫西林/克拉维酸(60.87%)、青霉素G(78.26%)耐药;革兰阴性菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、黏菌素均敏感,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸(47.06%)、头孢呋辛(47.06%)、头孢唑啉(52.94%)、氨苄西林(82.35%)耐药;真菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑、两性霉素B和卡泊芬净均敏感。69例PDAP患者共治愈53例,退出14例,死亡2例,治愈率为76.81%,真菌性PDAP患者退出率明显高于革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌及培养阴性的PDAP患者。结论该院腹膜透析患者发生PDAP的主要原因为换液操作不规范和肠道感染,PDAP相关致病菌以革兰阳性菌为主,真菌性PDAP患者退出率较高。

岩巷综掘面抽尘参数影响粉尘污染扩散规律研究

抽尘系统是岩巷综掘面长压短抽通风方式中控除粉尘污染的重要组成部分,而确定适宜的抽尘参数是实现有效除尘的关键。利用Solidworks软件对某矿632岩巷综掘面进行了物理建模,并进行了ICEM-CFD网格划分,通过网格无关性检验确认了后续所用的网格模型,运用FLUENT计算流体力学软件对不同抽尘位置Dn(n分别为0、1/4、1/2、3/4、1)与抽风量(300~350 m^(3)/min)影响粉尘污染扩散状况进行了数值模拟,并通过仿真试验验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。结果表明:抽尘位置为D0、D1/4、D1/2、D3/4时,巷道内风流整体均处于较为紊乱的状态,粉尘污染经风流运载最终均扩散至整个巷道;抽尘位置为D1时,在抽风与压风协同作用下,距迎头4.6~6 m范围内形成了风向指向迎头、流动均匀且覆盖巷道全断面的有效控尘风幕,粉尘污染被风幕控制在掘进机司机与迎头之间的封闭空间内。抽风量在330 m^(3)/min及以上时,在司机处均形成了有效控尘风幕。为了在有效控尘的前提下尽可能降低能耗,最优抽风量选取最小值330 m^(3)/min。

求解TSP的离散野马优化算法

针对求解TSP问题,提出一种新的元启发式算法离散野马优化算法(DWHO),应用最小位置匹配值法(MPMV)对求解结果进行离散化解码;为提高算法搜索能力,结合野马放牧、交配、领导者交流与选拔行为,引入变邻域搜索策略,增强了算法的局部搜索能力、加快算法收敛速度。选取TSPLIB标准库33个算例进行实验,并与交换序列人工蜂群算法(ABCSS)、离散蜘蛛猴优化算法(DSMO)两种算法进行比较。实验结果表明,DWHO求得的最优解与ABCSS、DSMO两种算法的最优解相比,最优解改进率最大值分别达到4.52%和3.41%。同时,将离散野马优化算法求解TSP收敛速度与以上两种算法进行比较,其收敛速度具有一定的优势。结果表明离散野马优化算法求解能力和精度具有优势。

内蒙古自治区社区5类精神障碍患者精神卫生服务利用现状

目的:描述内蒙古自治区社区5类精神障碍终生患者精神卫生服务利用现况,为健康教育和制定相关政策提供参考。方法:采用分层多阶段不等概率抽样方法抽取内蒙古自治区18岁及以上常住居民共12 315名,采用复合性国际诊断交谈表调查心境障碍、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍、间歇爆发性障碍、进食障碍等5类精神障碍及精神卫生服务利用现况,以单因素分析方法进行描述性统计。结果:5类精神障碍中,任何一种精神障碍终生患者咨询率为18.7%,治疗率为10.2%,患者接受非医务工作者治疗的比例最高(31.4%),其次是接受精神科或心理科医生治疗;患者中有1.1%的患者接受药物治疗,有2.5%的患者接受心理治疗。结论:内蒙古自治区精神障碍患者精神卫生服务利用率较低,要广泛开展正确求医的健康教育。

宁夏地区奶牛源隐孢子虫分子鉴定与分析

为了明确宁夏地区奶牛隐孢子虫的流行情况及其优势基因型,采集宁夏4个地区10个规模化奶牛养殖场中1174份奶牛粪便样品,基于核糖体小亚基RNA(SSU rRNA)基因通过套式PCR进行检测和分析。结果显示,宁夏地区奶牛隐孢子虫阳性率为28.5%(335/1174);共鉴定出4种虫种,即微小隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫、瑞氏隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫,阳性率分别为40.6%(136/335)、36.1%(121/335)、19.4%(65/335)和3.9%(13/335);微小隐孢子虫共鉴定出4种基因亚型,分别为ⅡdA15G1(n=70)、ⅡdA18G1(n=26)、ⅡdA19G1(n=23)和ⅡdA20G1(n=17)。统计学分析显示,在宁夏地区,0~2月龄的犊牛隐孢子虫感染率最高,且奶牛隐孢子虫的感染率与月龄差异显著相关(P<0.001)。表明宁夏地区奶牛存在隐孢子虫感染且存在人畜共患虫种,ⅡdA15G1微小隐孢子虫是宁夏地区奶牛感染的优势亚型。

经直肠实时组织弹性成像引导靶向穿刺在前列腺癌诊断中的应用研究

目的 探讨经直肠实时组织弹性成像(transrectal real-time tissue elastography,TRTE)引导靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年12月于郑州市第一人民医院就诊的可疑前列腺癌患者52例为研究对象,术前均行经直肠常规超声及TRTE检查评估前列腺病变的良恶性,对TRTE发现可疑病灶的28例患者行TRTE引导靶向穿刺(2针)+系统穿刺(8针),对TRTE未发现可疑病灶的24例患者行直肠常规超声引导系统穿刺(12针),分析TRTE诊断前列腺癌的效能及对比分析靶向穿刺与系统穿刺的穿刺阳性率。结果 本研究最终病理确诊前列腺癌25例,良性病变27例;TRTE诊断前列腺癌28例,良性病变24例,诊断的阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为75.0%(21/28)、83.3%(20/24)。TRTE发现可疑病灶的28例患者,靶向穿刺共56针,诊断前列腺癌36针,阳性率64.29%(36/56),系统穿刺共224针,诊断前列腺癌89针,阳性率39.73%(89/224);靶向穿刺的前列腺癌穿刺阳性率显著高于系统穿刺(P<0.05)。结论 TRTE可较好地诊断前列腺癌,其引导靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌的阳性率更高,可在减少穿刺针数的基础上最大限度提高穿刺阳性率。

基于多维空间离散基准的目标检测网络设计

针对目标检测网络中检测头的设计缺少依据,不能对不同数据集进行相应优化的问题,用一至四维的空间离散基准和正样本点(组)分配冲突率模型,提出了相应的设计依据。即基于位置的分配原则中,针对特定数据集的正样本点在4个回归量所组成的空间维度中的分布特点,在不高于指定的分配冲突率的条件下,以减少正负样本不均衡度和系统计算资源为目的,设计出具有最少点数检测头的规律。其本质是一个回归基准编码和正负样本分配设计的过程,进而实现检测性能与资源消耗之间的平衡。得出基于卷积目标检测网络检测头的回归基准可以采用4个回归中的任意组合,但需结合样本分配策略与数据集的正样本分配冲突率进行综合设计的结论。

老年系统性红斑狼疮患者抗核抗体谱检测阳性率观察

目的探讨ANAs检测在老年SLE患者中的阳性率及不同年龄段抗体分布特点与临床应用。方法用IFA检测217例老年SLE患者和211例非老年SLE患者ANA和抗ds-DNA抗体,免疫印迹法检测ANAs。对SLE患者不同年龄段ANAs阳性率进行统计分析,比较阳性率特点。结果ANA在老年组、非老年组SLE患者中阳性率分别为98.58%、99.54%;ANAs在老年组、非老年组SLE患者中阳性率分别为98.58%、92.17%,其中抗ds-DNA抗体、nRNP、抗Sm抗体、ANuA、r-RNP和PCNA的阳性率,老年组低于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);nRNP、AMA M2的阳性率,在老年组SLE患者不同年龄段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ANA检测在老年组、非老年组SLE患者中均有较高的阳性率,ANAs老年组阳性率低于非老年组;抗nRNP抗体和抗AMA M2抗体随年龄发生不同的改变可能是ANAs检测SLE老年组有别于非老年组的特点,总之ANAs检测对老年SLE诊断具有重要意义。

石家庄市无偿献血者感染性指标检测不合格人群特征分析

目的分析石家庄市无偿献血者感染性指标检测不合格人群分布特征,以排除献血的高风险人群,为制定献血者招募策略提供理论依据。方法对2022年河北省血液中心采集的无偿献血者标本进行感染性指标[乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)、梅毒抗体(抗-TP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血液病毒核酸(NAT)]筛查,分析检测不合格标本的人群分布特性,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果2022年共检测献血者标本182950份,感染性指标总不合格率为1.21%。性别方面,女性无偿献血者ALT不合格率明显低于男性(P<0.05),但HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV四项传染性指标不合格率均明显高于男性(P<0.05);年龄方面,ALT不合格率最高者为26~35岁献血者,HBsAg和NAT不合格率最高者为36~45岁献血者,抗-HCV和抗-TP不合格率最高者为46~60岁献血者,抗-HIV为18~25岁献血者;文化程度方面,ALT、抗-HCV、抗-TP、NAT不合格率最高者均为初中文化程度献血者;职业方面,ALT、HBsAg不合格率最高者为农民,抗-TP、抗-HIV不合格率最高者为自由职业者,NAT不合格率最高者为学生和商贸职员;初次献血者的HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV不合格率明显高于重复献血者(P<0.05)。性别、职业、文化程度、年龄、季节、采血队、献血次数、血型是影响血液筛查阳性率的主要因素。结论献血人群感染指标阳性率分布具有性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、献血频次的分布特征,且受多种因素的影响。应将高风险人群排除在献血队伍之外,提高输血安全。