Study on CO_2 Absorption by Aqueous Benzylamine and Its Formulations with Monoethanolamine as a Component for Post-Combustion Capture Process

Benzylamine(BZA) has been identified as a promising candidate for CO_2 capture process; however the evaluation of BZA in the packed column was very few. Thus, in this work, the absorption and regeneration performance of unblended BZA solvent as well as a series of amine concentrations and ratios in the formulations were studied using a semibatch bubbling reactor. And due to the formation of ivory-white precipitates in solvents containing higher BZA ratios, a 4:1 molar ratio of MEA/BZA mixed solvent was used to study its performance in a pilot-scale test bed. The results showed that a higher BZA ratio in the MEA/BZA mixed solvent resulted in a faster absorption rate, a higher mass transfer and heat transfer rate and a better cyclic performance, but the mass transfer rate of BZA decreased more quickly than MEA with the increase of CO_2 loading of the solvents. In addition, at high CO_2 loading in the MEA/ BZA mixed solvent with a molar ratio of 4:1, the ivory-white precipitates were generated which could cause blockage of the packing in the absorber, the stripper and the liquid pipelines.

Low-energy-consumption temperature swing system for CO_(2) capture by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating

Temperature-swing adsorption(TSA)is an effective technique for CO_(2) capture,but the temperature swing procedure is energy-intensive.Herein,we report a low-energy-consumption system by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating for the uptake of CO_(2) on commercial activated carbons(CACs).During adsorption,the adsorbents are coated with a layer of hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene)[P(VdF-HFP)HP],which cools the adsorbents to a low temperature under sunlight through radiative cooling.For desorption,CACs with broad absorption of the solar spectrum are exposed to light irradiation for heating.The heating and cooling processes are completely driven by solar energy.Adsorption tests under mimicked sunlight using the CACs show that the performance of this system is comparable to that of the traditional ones.Furthermore,under real sunlight irradiation,the adsorption capacity of the CACs can be well maintained after multiple cycles.The present work may inspire the development of new temperature swing procedures with little energy consumption.

Differences between lower extremity joint running kinetics captured by marker-based and markerless systems were speed dependent

Background:The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis.Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements,such as running.Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking.Thus,the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems.Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention,diagnosis,and rehabilitation,we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.Methods:Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected,along with ground reaction force data,from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds:2.24 m/s,2.91 m/s,and 3.58 m/s(5.0 miles/h,6.5 miles/h,and 8.0 miles/h).Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip,knee,and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods.Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.Results:Compared to the marker-based system,the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.Conclusion:Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings,systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention.Based on segment pose estimations,the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers,which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs.marker-based systems.The differences were amplified by running speed.

Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors:IMMU-based motion capture system and its application on gestures of a Falco peregrinus

This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters were implemented to estimate the absolute orientations to achieve high accuracy.Under the guidance of ornithology experts, the extending/contracting motions and flapping cycles were recorded using the developed motion capture system, and the orientation of each bone was also analyzed. The captured flapping gesture of the Falco peregrinus is crucial to the motion database of raptors as well as the bionic design.

Configuration Synthesis and Grasping Performance Analysis of Multi-Loop Coupling Capture Mechanism for Launch and Recovery of Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Research of capture mechanisms with strong capture adaptability and stable grasp is important to solve the problem of launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).A multi-loop coupling capture mechanism with strong adaptability and high retraction rate has been proposed for the launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped AUVs with different morphological features.Firstly,the principle of capturing motion retraction is described based on the appearance characteristics of torpedo-shaped AUVs,and the configuration synthesis of the capture mechanism is carried out using the method of constrained chain synthesis.Secondly,the screw theory is employed to analyze the degree of freedom(DoF)of the capture mechanism.Then,the 3D model of the capture mechanism is established,and the kinematics and dynamics simulations are carried out.Combined with the capture orientation requirements of the capture mechanism,the statics and vibration characteristics analyses are carried out.Furthermore,considering the capture process and the underwater working environment,the motion characteristics and hydraulics characteristics of the capture mechanism are analyzed.Finally,a principle prototype is developed and the torpedo-shaped AUVs capture experiment is completed.The work provides technical reserves for the research and development of AUV capture special equipment.

Recent advances in intermediate-temperature CO_(2) capture: Materials,technologies and applications

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) is widely recognized as a vital strategy for mitigating the impact of human induced climate change.Among various CO_(2) adsorbents,intermediate-temperature solid adsorbents have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in hydrogen utilization,specifically in the water gas shift,steam reforming and gasification processes.These processes are crucial for achieving carbon neutrality.While laboratory-level studies have showcased the high adsorption capacity of these materials via various synthesis and modification methods,their practical application in complex industrial environments remains challenging,impeding the commercialization process.This review aims to critically summarize the recent research progress made in intermediatetemperature(200-400℃) solid CO_(2) adsorbents,particularly focusing on indicators such as cyclability,gas selectivity,and formability,which play vital roles in industrial application scenarios.Additionally,we provide an overview of laboratory-level advanced technologies specifically tailored for industrial applications.Furthermore,we highlight several industrial-ready advanced technologies that can pave the way for overcoming the challenges associated with large-scale implementation.The insights provided by this review aim to assist researchers in identifying the most relevant research directions for industrial applications.By promoting advances in the application of solid adsorbents,we strive to facilitate the ultimate goal of achieving carbon neutrality.

Research progress of CO_(2) capture and mineralization based on natural minerals

Natural minerals,such as kaolinite,halloysite,montmorillonite,attapulgite,bentonite,sepiolite,forsterite,and wollastonite,have considerable potential for use in CO_(2) capture and mineralization due to their abundant reserves,low cost,excellent mechanical prop-erties,and chemical stability.Over the past decades,various methods,such as those involving heat,acid,alkali,organic amine,amino sil-ane,and ionic liquid,have been employed to enhance the CO_(2) capture performance of natural minerals to attain high specific surface area,a large number of pore structures,and rich active sites.Future research on CO_(2) capture by natural minerals will focus on the full utiliza-tion of the properties of natural minerals,adoption of suitable modification methods,and preparation of composite materials with high specific surface area and rich active sites.In addition,we provide a summary of the principle and technical route of direct and indirect mineralization of CO_(2) by natural minerals.This process uses minerals with high calcium and magnesium contents,such as forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),serpentine[Mg_(3)Si_(2)O(OH)_(4)],and wollastonite(CaSiO_(3)).The research status of indirect mineralization of CO_(2) using hydro-chloric acid,acetic acid,molten salt,and ammonium salt as media is also introduced in detail.The recovery of additives and high-value-added products during the mineralization process to increase economic benefits is another focus of future research on CO_(2) mineralization by natural minerals.

Highly efficient CO_(2) capture using 2-methylimidazole aqueous solution on laboratory and pilot-scale

To date,the primary industrial carbon capture approach is still absorption using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines.Here,to pursue a substitute for the amine-based approach to improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency and decrease the energy cost further,we report a new carbon capture approach using a 2-methylimidazole(mIm)aqueous solution.The properties and sorption behaviors of this approach have been experimentally investigated.The results show that the mIm solution has higher CO_(2) absorption capacity under relatively higher equilibrium pressure(>130 kPa)and lower desorption heat than the methyldiethanolamine solution.91.6%sorption capacity of mIm solution can be recovered at 353.15 K and 80 kPa.The selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) can reach an exceptional 7609 and 4324,respectively.Furthermore,the pilot-scale tests were also performed,and the results demonstrate that more than 98%of CO_(2) in the feed gas could be removed and cyclic absorption capacity can reach 1 mol·L^(-1).This work indicates that mIm is an excellent alternative to alkanolamines for carbon capture in the industry.

Context Capture在车辆三维建模中的应用

无人机倾斜摄影技术和Context Capture因具有自动化程度高、建模精度和效率高等特点而被广泛应用于三维建模中。本文使用无人机倾斜摄影技术和Context Capture分别对一辆SUV和一辆三厢轿车进行了三维建模,并对其进行了精度分析。结果表明,采用多条航线的无人机拍摄策略可以充分捕捉车辆各个侧面的细节信息。使用Context Capture构建的车辆三维模型细节清晰可辨,真实地反映了车辆外形。车辆特征点实测数据与航拍数据之间的最大相对误差为0.9%,确保了车辆三维建模的精度要求。

Regulation of interlayer channels of graphene oxide nanosheets in ultra-thin Pebax mixed-matrix membranes for CO_(2) capture

For the application of carbon capture by membrane process,it is crucial to develop a highly permeable CO_(2)-selective membrane.In this work,we reported an ultra-thin polyether-block-amide(Pebax)mixedmatrix membranes(MMMs)incorporated by graphene oxide(GO),in which the interlayer channels were regulated to optimize the CO_(2)/N_(2) separation performance.Various membrane preparation conditions were systematically investigated on the influence of the membrane structure and separation performance,including the lateral size of GO nanosheets,GO loading,thermal reduction temperature,and time.The results demonstrated that the precisely regulated interlayer channel of GO nanosheets can rapidly provide CO_(2)-selective transport channels due to the synergetic effects of size sieving and preferential adsorption.The GO/Pebax ultra-thin MMMs exhibited CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity of 72 and CO_(2) permeance of 400 GPU(1 GPU=106 cm^(3)(STP)·cm^(2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1)),providing a promising candidate for CO_(2) capture.

Kinematic calibration under the expectation maximization framework for exoskeletal inertial motion capture system

This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic drift.In this method, the geometric parameters are calibrated by the traditional calibration method at first. Then, in order to calibrate the parameters affected by the random colored noise, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced. Through the use of geometric parameters calibrated by the traditional calibration method, the iterations under the EM framework are decreased and the efficiency of the proposed method on embedded system is improved. The performance of the proposed kinematic calibration method is compared to the traditional calibration method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the EI-MoCap system. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the motion capture precision is significantly improved by 16.79%and 7.16%respectively in comparison to the traditional calibration method.

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

Carbon Capture Technologies in OAPEC Member Countries and the Circular Carbon Economy: A Roadmap to Zero Emissions by 2050

Several Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) member states (OMSs) have updated their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with the aim of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Carbon neutrality requires shifting from a linear carbon economy (LCE) to a circular carbon economy (CCE). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, including reduction, recycle, reuse, removal, and storage technologies, represent an important strategy for achieving such a shift. Herein, we investigate the effects of CCS technology adoption in six OMSs—namely the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Algeria, and Iraq—by examining their Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCEI) scores, which reflect compliance with CCE-transition policies. Total CCEI, current performance CCEI dimension, and future enabler CCEI dimensions scores were compared among the aforementioned six OMSs and relative to Norway, which was used as a global-high CCEI reference standard. Specifically, CCEI general scope and CCEI oil scope dimension scores were compared. The KSA, Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait had higher CCEI scores than Algeria and Iraq, reflecting their greater adoption of CCE-transition policies and greater emission-reducing modernization investments. The current performance CCEI scores of Algeria and Iraq appear to be buttressed to some extent by their greater natural carbon sink resources. Based on the findings, we recommend specific actions for OMSs to enhance their CCE transitions and mitigate the negative impacts associated with the associated investments, including: taking rapid practical steps to eliminate carbon oil industry emissions;detailed CCS planning by national oil companies;international cooperation and coordination;and increased investment in domestic CCS utilization infrastructure.

Study on the optimal incident proton energy of ^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is recognized as a precise binary targeted radiotherapy technique that effectively eliminates tumors through the^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li nuclear reaction.Among various neutron sources,accelerator-based sources have emerged as particularly promising for BNCT applications.The^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be reaction is highly regarded as a potential neutron source for BNCT,owing to its low threshold energy for the reaction,significant neutron yield,appropriate average neutron energy,and additional benefits.This study utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the physical interactions within a lithium target subjected to proton bombardment,including neutron moderation by an MgF_(2)moderator and subsequent BNCT dose analysis using a Snyder head phantom.The study focused on calculating the yields of epithermal neutrons for various incident proton energies,finding an optimal energy at 2.7 MeV.Furthermore,the Snyder head phantom was employed in dose simulations to validate the effectiveness of this specific incident energy when utilizing a^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for BNCT purposes.

基于Context Capture多视角影像三维重建技术在藏品数字化中的应用

藏品是博物馆全部活动的物质基础。在博物馆数字化的浪潮中,藏品数字化是核心,而三维建模是藏品数字化的关键手段。多视角三维重建技术因其设备要求低、灵活性强、操作简单等优点成为藏品建模的重要手段。在考古领域,虽然Context Capture在空三精度、纹理映射质量、模型精度等方面具有优势,但由于其不能直接用于可移动文物建模,因此该软件应用较少。通过对采集到的影像预处理或对模型成果后期处理,使之能够用于文物藏品的建模,并对两种方式的优缺点进行比较。

Recent developments in aqueous ammonia-based post-combustion CO2 capture technologies

Aqueous ammonia(NH3) is a promising alternative solvent for the capture of industrial CO_2 emissions, given its high chemical stability and CO_2 removal capacity, and low material costs and regeneration energy. NH3 also has potential for capturing multiple flue gas components, including NOx, SOxand CO_2, and producing value-added chemicals. However, its high volatility and low reactivity towards CO_2 limit its economic viability. Considerable efforts have been made to advance aqueous NH3-based post-combustion capture technologies in the last few years: in particular, General Electric's chilled NH3 process, CSIRO's mild-temperature aqueous NH3 process and SRI International's mixed-salts(NH3 and potassium carbonate) technology. Here, we review these research activities and other developments in the field, and outline future research needed to further improve aqueous NH3-based CO_2 capture technologies.

New solvent blends for post-combustion CO2 capture

In the current work five different solvent blends are experimentally studied and the reboiler duties are calculated using the so-called short-cut method.Tertiary amines,2-(diethylamino)ethanol(DEEA),3-(Diethylamino)-1,2-propanediol(DEA-12PD),2-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol(DEA-EO),1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine(12HE-PP)are blended with 3-(Methylamino)propylamine(MAPA)and ethanolamine(MEA).The first results from simple solvent screening are given and the cyclic capacities are calculated based data at 40℃ and 80℃.Then,five solvent systems are chosen for vapor–liquid equilibrium characterization.The vapor–liquid equilibrium data are then used to estimate cyclic capacities at more realistic temperatures,between 40℃ and 120℃ and by using a short-cut method proposed in the literature the reboiler duties of the characterized solvents are estimated.Finally,the potential of the studied systems is discussed.Several of the characterized blends showed reboiler duties around 2.5 MJ kgCO2^-1.

The latest development on amine functionalized solid adsorbents for post-combustion CO_(2)capture:Analysis review

Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.

Polyvinylamine-Based Facilitated Transport Membranes for Post-Combustion CO_(2) Capture:Challenges and Perspectives from Materials to Processes

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture by gas-separation membranes has become increasingly attractive due to its high energy efficiency,relatively low cost,and environmental impact.Polyvinylamine(PVAm)-based facilitated transport(FT)membranes were developed in the last decade for CO_(2) capture.This work discusses the challenges of applying PVAm-based FT membranes from materials to processes for postcombustion CO_(2) capture in power plants and cement factories.Experiences learned from a pilot demonstration system can be used to guide the design of other membranes for CO_(2) capture.The importance of module and process design is emphasized in the achievement of a high-performance membrane system.Moreover,the results from process simulation and cost estimation indicate that a three-stage membrane system is feasible for achieving a high CO_(2) purity of 95 vol%.The specific CO_(2) capture cost was found to significantly depend on the required CO_(2) capture ratio,and a moderate CO_(2) capture ratio of 50%presented a cost of 63.7USD per tonne CO_(2) captured.Thus,FT membrane systems were found to be more competitive for partial CO_(2) capture.

A comparative process simulation study of Ca-Cu looping involving post-combustion CO2 capture

This work presents a simulation study of several Ca-Cu looping variants with CO(2)capture,aiming at both parameter optimization and exergy analysis of these Ca-Cu looping systems.Three kinds of Ca-Cu looping are considered:(1)carbonation-calcination/reduction-oxidation;(2)carbonation-oxidation-calcination/reduction and (3)carbona tion/oxidation-calcination/reduction.A conventional Ca looping is also simulated for comparison.The influences of the calcination temperature on the mole fractions of CO(2)and CaO at the calciner outlet,the CaCO3 flow rate on the carbonator performance and the Cu/Ca ratio on the calciner performance are analyzed.The second kind of Ca-Cu looping has the highest carbonation conversion.At 1×10^5 Pa and 820℃,complete decomposition of CaCO3 can be achieved in three Ca-Cu looping systems,while the operation condition of 1×10^5 Pa,840℃is required for the conventional Ca looping system.Furthermore,the Cu/Ca molar ratio of 5.13-5.19 is required for the Ca-Cu looping.Exergy analyses show that the maximum exergy destruction occurs in the calciner for the four modes and the second Ca-Cu looping system(i.e.,carbonation-oxidation-calcination/reduction)performs the highest exergy efficiency,up to 65.04%,which is about 30%higher than that of the conventional Ca looping.