基于声学FEM-BEM的户内变电站噪声场计算

准确计算户内变电站大型、复杂的噪声场分布,进而评价可采用降噪措施的减噪效果,是解决户内变电站噪声污染的关键问题。为此,综合声学有限元法(finite element method,FEM)求解复杂声场收敛性好及精度高的优点,及声学边界元法(boundary element method,BEM)降维求解大型声场的优势,提出了一种基于声学FEM-BEM的户内变电站噪声场求解算法。首先,建立变电站内部声源声固耦合模型,采用声学FEM求解混响噪声作用下的声固耦合响应;然后,基于声学FEM-BEM耦合理论,求解内、外耦合边界处结构单元受声固耦合激励产生的位移及应力载荷;最后,根据声压及应力载荷激发的外场声波扩散模型,基于常规Gauss数值积分法,建立外部空间声域2维BEM声学积分方程,求解外部声场。该算法在湖南某110 kV户内变电站噪声场的求解分析中得到了成功应用,与实测值的相对误差为3.61%~4.87%。

基于DEM-FEM耦合方法的碎屑流对桥墩最大冲击力的影响因素研究

碎屑流是我国山区最危险的地质灾害之一,山区桥墩常受到碎屑流冲击而开裂、倾斜甚至倒塌,给山区桥梁建设、运营带来严重的安全隐患。采用离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)和有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)耦合的三维数值模拟方法模拟了碎屑流对双柱式桥墩的冲击效应,并结合斜槽试验,验证了耦合方法的准确性,进一步分析了碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对桥墩冲击力的影响规律。结果表明,最大冲击力与碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度分别呈幂函数(指数大于1)、幂函数(指数小于1)和线性正相关。冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对最大冲击力的敏感度值分别为3.012、0.202、0.804,在桥梁碎屑流灾害防治时需重视冲击坡度和体积密度的影响。将冲击力的数值模拟值与流体动力学模型预测值对比分析表明,流体动力学模型理论公式能较好地预测桥墩所受的最大冲击力,最大预测误差低于23.6%。相关研究结果可为山区桥梁碎屑流灾害防治与设计提供一定的参考依据。

考虑强度速率衰减效应的地震滑坡SPH-FEM模拟

基于SPH和FEM耦合的数值计算方法,引入滑动面摩擦强度的速率衰减模型,提出了一种能够模拟地震诱发滑坡破坏过程的数值模拟方法。基于所提数值方法模拟了唐家山地震滑坡,模拟结果与现场勘查结果及室内试验现象较为一致。基于模拟的滑动面上摩擦系数的演化过程,将唐家山滑坡的发生分为4个阶段:启动阶段、摩擦衰减阶段、低摩擦滑移阶段和逐步稳定阶段。模拟结果表明速度增加和摩擦强度衰减的相互促进,是触发滑体的高速运动的根本原因。提出采用滑体上作用的动摩擦力fd和动下滑力Td的比值R作为判别指标用于判断大型滑坡的启动,当首次出现R小于1时认为滑动面发生整体贯通并出现失稳启动。基于滑动面不同位置摩擦系数的演化,揭示了滑坡启动中滑动面摩擦强度衰减和滑动面的渐进贯通过程,解释了地震作用与滑动面摩擦参数速率衰减效应共同作用触发大型滑坡发生破坏的内在机理。

Post-processing Free Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Avalanche Photodiode Array

Quantum random number generators adopting single negligible dead time of avalanche photodiodes （APDs） photon detection have been restricted due to the non- We propose a new approach based on an APD array to improve the generation rate of random numbers significantly. This method compares the detectors＇ responses to consecutive optical pulses and generates the random sequence. We implement a demonstration experiment to show its simplicity, compactness and scalability. The generated numbers are proved to be unbiased, post-processing free, ready to use, and their randomness is verified by using the national institute of standard technology statistical test suite. The random bit generation efficiency is as high as 32.8% and the potential generation rate adopting the 32× 32 APD array is up to tens of Gbits/s.

饱和地基水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的BEM-FEM耦合分析

人工振动污染是当前城市发展过程中面临的一个难题,单排或多排桩是人工振动污染防治的一种重要方式。传统基桩施工容易造成泥浆污染、振动等各种负面环境问题,而水泥土复合桩是一种低振动、低噪声、无挤土、少排泥浆的新型基桩,特别适合在城区构建排桩屏障。针对饱和地基中单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振问题,建立了动力机器基础环境振动影响的半解析BEM方程;在此基础上,分别采用半解析BEM对饱和地基、FEM对水泥土复合桩进行建模,根据饱和地基-水泥土桩接触面的平衡和相容条件,建立了水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的半解析BEM-FEM耦合方程,给出了耦合方程稀疏矩阵的存储策略,并对单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振效果进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:单排水泥土复合桩能够有效地对动力机器基础引起环境振动进行隔振;等长芯桩复合桩的隔振效果要优于短芯桩。单排水泥土复合桩的隔振效果随着桩数的增加而逐渐提高;较小桩间距并不一定取得更好的隔振效果,建议相邻桩桩间净距取2.0~2.5λ_(R)(Rayleigh波波长)。随着单排水泥土复合桩距振源距离的增加,屏障隔振效果逐渐降低,但降低幅度相对较小。此外,对水泥土复合桩而言,当内插预制桩的外轮廓尺寸相同时,预制芯桩型式对水泥土复合桩隔振效果影响相对较小,可根据实际工程条件选择合适的芯桩类型。

Pre-processing and post-processing method for geostress simulation using seismic interpretation results

In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflect actual situations and facilitate their computation and analyses.Given the importance of model building, further processing methods about traditional seismic interpretation results from Landmark should be studied and the processed result can then be directly used in numerical simulation computations.Through this data conversion procedure, Landmark and FLAC(the international general stress software) are seamlessly connected.Thus, the format conversion between the two systems and the pre-and post-processing in simulation computation is realized.A practical application indicates that this method has many advantages such as simple operation, high accuracy of the element subdivision and high speed, which may definitely satisfy the actual needs of floor grid cutting.

Development of a Post-Processing Automation Procedure for the GPS-Based Travel Time Data Collection Technique

The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.

A study on fast post-processing massive data of casting numerical simulation on personal computers

When castings become complicated and the demands for precision of numerical simulation become higher,the numerical data of casting numerical simulation become more massive.On a general personal computer,these massive numerical data may probably exceed the capacity of available memory,resulting in failure of rendering.Based on the out-of-core technique,this paper proposes a method to effectively utilize external storage and reduce memory usage dramatically,so as to solve the problem of insufficient memory for massive data rendering on general personal computers.Based on this method,a new postprocessor is developed.It is capable to illustrate filling and solidification processes of casting,as well as thermal stess.The new post-processor also provides fast interaction to simulation results.Theoretical analysis as well as several practical examples prove that the memory usage and loading time of the post-processor are independent of the size of the relevant files,but the proportion of the number of cells on surface.Meanwhile,the speed of rendering and fetching of value from the mouse is appreciable,and the demands of real-time and interaction are satisfied.

A method of line spectrum extraction based on target radiated spectrum feature and its post-processing

To improve the ability of detecting underwater targets under strong wideband interference environment,an efficient method of line spectrum extraction is proposed,which fully utilizes the feature of the target spectrum that the high intense and stable line spectrum is superimposed on the wide continuous spectrum.This method modifies the traditional beam forming algorithm by calculating and fusing the beam forming results at multi-frequency band and multi-azimuth interval,showing an excellent way to extract the line spectrum when the interference and the target are not in the same azimuth interval simultaneously.Statistical efficiency of the estimated azimuth variance and corresponding power of the line spectrum band depends on the line spectra ratio(LSR)of the line spectrum.The change laws of the output signal to noise ratio(SNR)with the LSR,the input SNR,the integration time and the filtering bandwidth of different algorithms bring the selection principle of the critical LSR.As the basis,the detection gain of wideband energy integration and the narrowband line spectrum algorithm are theoretically analyzed.The simulation detection gain demonstrates a good match with the theoretical model.The application conditions of all methods are verified by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and experimental data from Qiandao Lake.In fact,combining the two methods for target detection reduces the missed detection rate.The proposed post-processing method in2-dimension with the Kalman filter in the time dimension and the background equalization algorithm in the azimuth dimension makes use of the strong correlation between adjacent frames,could further remove background fluctuation and improve the display effect.

基于DEM-FEM耦合的环锤式破碎机反击板可靠性分析

由于环锤式破碎机破碎物料的过程是一个极其复杂多变的过程,且与反击板所受的碰撞力是不连续、无规则的,因此,无法使用公式推导或使用单一软件对反击板受力进行计算,为了能够更好地确定破碎机破碎过程中反击板的载荷大小、分布和寿命,文中提出了一种基于离散元(DEM)和有限元(FEM)耦合计算的环锤式破碎机反击板可靠性分析方法,通过EDEM建立环锤式破碎机破碎物料仿真过程,并提取出破碎过程中反击板的载荷分布,与ANSYS Workbench建立耦合计算通道,计算得到在正常工作参数下反击板的受力大小和位置,在此基础上采用n Code Design Life疲劳分析软件对反击板进行寿命分析,得到反击板的受力云图和损伤云图,研究转子转速、反击板倾角、转子与筛板距离等不同因素下对反击板可靠性的影响,结果表明:转子转速为1000 r∕min时反击板的最大受力值为247.9 MPa、反击板角度为60°时应力最大值为206.48 MPa、转子与筛板距离为530 mm时受力最大值为268.37 MPa。

Improved Sinusoid Analysis and Post-Processing in Parametric Audio Coding

This paper proposed improvements to the low bit rate parametric audio coder with sinusoid model as its kernel. Firstly, we propose a new method to effectively order and select the perceptually most important sinusoids. The sinusoid which contributes most to the reduction of overall NMR is chosen. Combined with our improved parametric psychoacoustic model and advanced peak riddling techniques, the number of sinusoids required can be greatly reduced and the coding efficiency can be greatly enhanced. A lightweight version is also given to reduce the amount of computation with only little sacrifice of performance. Secondly, we propose two enhancement techniques for sinusoid synthesis: bandwidth enhancement and line enhancement. With little overhead, the effective bandwidth can be extended one more octave; the timbre tends to sound much brighter, thicker and more beautiful.

A Post-Processing Algorithm for Boosting Contrast of MRI Images

Low contrast of Magnetic Resonance(MR)images limits the visibility of subtle structures and adversely affects the outcome of both subjective and automated diagnosis.State-of-the-art contrast boosting techniques intolerably alter inherent features of MR images.Drastic changes in brightness features,induced by post-processing are not appreciated in medical imaging as the grey level values have certain diagnostic meanings.To overcome these issues this paper proposes an algorithm that enhance the contrast of MR images while preserving the underlying features as well.This method termed as Power-law and Logarithmic Modification-based Histogram Equalization(PLMHE)partitions the histogram of the image into two sub histograms after a power-law transformation and a log compression.After a modification intended for improving the dispersion of the sub-histograms and subsequent normalization,cumulative histograms are computed.Enhanced grey level values are computed from the resultant cumulative histograms.The performance of the PLMHE algorithm is comparedwith traditional histogram equalization based algorithms and it has been observed from the results that PLMHE can boost the image contrast without causing dynamic range compression,a significant change in mean brightness,and contrast-overshoot.

Hybrid Post-Processing Procedure for Displacement-Based Plane Elements

In the analysis of high-rise building, traditional displacement-based plane elements are often used to get the in-plane internal forces of the shear walls by stress integration. Limited by the singular problem produced by wall holes and the loss of precision induced by using differential method to derive strains, the displacement-based elements cannot always present accuracy enough for design. In this paper, the hybrid post-processing procedure based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle is used for improving the stress precision of two quadrilateral plane elements. In order to find the best stress field, three different forms are assumed for the displacement-based plane elements and with drilling DOF. Numerical results show that by using the proposed method, the accuracy of stress solutions of these two displacement-based plane elements can be improved.

基于FEM和DOE分析的超声切刀结构设计与振动特性研究

目的针对工程实践中超声切刀尺寸难以解析计算且有特定结构尺寸要求的超声切刀难以设计等问题,建立了装夹式组合超声切刀结构优化及振动特性的高效设计、分析方法。方法依托某工程实践超声切刀设计要求,以结构尺寸参数化的阶梯形变幅杆和固定渐变刀刃体装夹设计成组合式超声切刀,通过对变幅杆单一结构尺寸因素对组合超声切刀有限元模态固有纵振频率、输出形变大小等振动特性的影响分析,合理选取结构尺寸取值范围,构建了四因素两水平的全因子仿真实验,进行了多结构因素交互影响分析,建立了显著因素的谐振频率回归方程,并基于此以简谐共振频率为目标,优化设计了28 kHz装夹式超声切刀。结果通过有限元模态分析、谐响应分析验证了优化设计的超声切刀在固有纵振、谐振频率与目标设计的一致性,且仿真输出振幅满足超声切割振幅要求,仿真最大等效应力远小于材料的安全许用屈服强度;通过数控加工、阻抗测试验证了实验测试频率与设计、仿真频率的一致性,且阻抗值满足设计要求;将超声切刀安装至切割系统中进行加工实验,通过与普通刀具、激光等工艺加工手段进行对比,设计切刀输出频率与振幅稳定,切割质量好,效率高。结论研究结果表明:采用的超声切刀结构设计、仿真、分析等方法对有特定尺寸要求的复杂切刀设计、优化及工程应用具有很好的指导意义。

基于SPH-FEM耦合算法的台阶精准爆破延期时间研究及应用

电子雷管在大型露天矿爆破中广泛使用,利用其精准起爆特性通过设置合理延期时间可有效改善爆破质量,对矿山生产降本增效具有重要意义。基于光滑粒子流体动力学—有限单元(SPH-FEM)耦合算法,利用LS-Dyna软件建立了多个巴润矿常规台阶尺寸的三维数值模型。针对电子雷管起爆条件下不同孔间和排间延时分别建立双孔、三孔SPH-FEM三维模型,从矿岩体SPH粒子应力和移动2个维度研究了被爆矿岩体的受力破碎、抛掷位移特征,并重点分析了不同排间延时下后排炮孔爆破漏斗的偏移角度。据此确定了最佳孔间、排间延期时间范围,并通过现场验证对比试验,选出了适合该爆区的最优延时。研究结果表明:在巴润矿现行孔排距条件下利用电子雷管精准起爆,孔间延时在20~30 ms内可达到较好的破碎效果;排间延时大于35 ms时,先爆炮孔为后续炮孔提供新的自由面和抛掷空间,且大于40 ms时应力趋于稳定;在现场验证试验中,试验区内边长1 m以下的破碎矿岩体占比达91%,较非试验爆区中同尺寸岩块占比提高了14%,破碎效果得到有效改善。

基于SiPESC.FEMS焊接热力耦合分析模块研发

文中基于集成计算仿真平台SiPESC的开放式有限元分析软件SiPESC.FEMS,研发了模拟焊接过程有限元分析模块.该分析模块可将焊接过程热瞬态分析所得节点温度场以热载荷形式映射到力学分析中,充分考虑焊接过程中温度变化对结构性能的影响,实现焊接结构全过程热力耦合数值仿真,并支持多步分析,可模拟多道焊接工序及复杂焊接过程.其中热瞬态分析可模拟焊接的非线性瞬态热传导过程,支持多种焊接移动热源和常用的热单元类型以及热对流和热辐射等复杂边界条件的处理.而焊接结构力学分析可自定义与温度相关的力学材料参数,支持热弹性和热弹塑性等本构模型.文中采用空心圆筒与带孔方形板沿圆筒外侧焊接的算例进行数值分析对比,采用顺序热力耦合分析方式,其中焊接热分析过程为瞬态热传导计算,结构静力分析过程为热弹塑性计算.计算结果与目前广泛应用的计算机辅助工程(computer aided engineering,CAE)商用软件ABAQUS相比,温度最大值偏差为0.000482%、位移最大值偏差为0.0231%、等效塑性应变最大值相同.该分析模块的计算精度和ABAQUS基本一致,验证了该焊接模块计算的有效性及解决工程实际问题的能力.

基于SPH-FEM耦合方法的泥石流冲击输电塔基础的动力分析

泥石流是我国西南山区常见的地质灾害。架空输电杆塔在泥石流的冲击下往往发生基础破坏甚至会造成杆塔倒塌。首先采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法和有限元方法(finite element method,简称FEM)相耦合的三维数值方法模拟了泥石流对杆塔基础的冲击作用;在与相关模型试验结果验证的基础上,开展了不同泥石流密度、黏度系数及初始速度条件下对输电塔基础的冲击力作用的参数分析;研究结果表明:随着泥石流初始速度的增加,冲击力峰值会随之增大;前排基础的冲击力峰值均大于后排基础;泥石流冲击过程特性受到泥石流密度和黏度系数影响。与稀性泥石流相比:黏性泥石流冲击基础后,基础下游真空区相对要小;此外,将数值模拟结果与Kwan冲击力公式及铁二院推荐的冲击压力设计公式预测值进行对比分析可以发现:Kwan冲击力公式能较好地预测出基础所受泥石流冲击力的平均趋势,最大预测误差低于30%,铁二院公式预测的稀性和黏性泥石流的冲击压力平均偏低分别约17%和28%。相关研究结果有望为泥石流频发区域输电塔基础的设计和风险评估提供一定的参考依据。

基于FEM的汽车轮毂轴承动态特性及可靠性研究

采用Workbench软件对某型汽车轮毂面对面式双列圆锥滚子轴承进行基于力学仿真分析的动态可靠性研究。首先,简化轴承模型后采用SolidWorks建立其三维模型;然后,采用Workbench对轴承开展模态及谐响应分析,获取轴承空载与满载状态下的位移和等效应力云图,并分别提取空载前10阶与满载前6阶的振型和固有频率等动态性能参数,采用Workbench中的六西格玛分析模块对轴承进行可靠性分析;最后,加载增量载荷谱获取轴承的可靠度和可靠性灵敏度。研究结果与汽车轮毂轴承的实际情况基本吻合。汽车轮毂轴承在不同工况下的仿真及其可靠性研究可以为故障轴承运动学、动力学计算与分析提供一定的参考。

基于自适应FEM-SPH耦合算法的飞机典型部位破片冲击战伤的数值研究

针对飞机典型部位在遭到高速破片攻击后结构整体的战伤状态及破片的剩余行为开展数值模拟。应用LS-DYNA软件,结合有限单元方法(finite element method,FEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)两者的优势,建立自适应的FEM-SPH耦合模拟方法,并构建2种飞机典型部位的计算模型,采用六面体网格局部细化方法实现了核心位置的精确模拟,并进行试验来验证数值模型;开展了一系列高速冲击战伤模拟,对比了不同工况下破片高速冲击结构后形成的碎片云和破口形貌,并对破片的剩余速度和质量进行分析,确定了破片在结构蒙皮上的临界跳飞角。结果表明:自适应FEM-SPH耦合算法的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,能够对破片高速冲击战伤进行有效准确模拟;碎片云分布形状随破片速度增加变得狭长,冲击角度会改变碎片云和结构破口形状朝向;碎片云高度和扩散速度随破片速度或角度的变化趋势基本一致并都呈线性关系;破片的速度减少量不随初始速度变化,质量减少量则与冲击速度正相关,两者与冲击角度都负相关;破片临界跳飞角与冲击速度大小基本呈线性关系。

基于ALE-FEM耦合算法的磨料水射流破岩数值模拟及其机理分析

磨料水射流在钻井提速、深穿透射孔和压裂增产等方面应用效果显著,深入认识磨料水射流破岩机理是提升其应用效果的关键之一。本文基于任意拉格朗日—欧拉耦合有限单元算法,提出了独立封装有限元网格描述磨料的方法,将水射流单元设定网格随物质的运动而变化以实现流体流动特性,速度设置给物质;将磨料单元设定网格不随物质的运动而变化以实现固体颗粒特性,速度设置给网格。综合考虑岩石的动态冲击损伤作用以及水射流和磨料的协作,建立了可表征水射流流动和岩石损伤破坏的多相多物理场耦合过程的磨料水射流破岩模型,模型聚焦磨料颗粒和水射流对岩石微秒级的冲击破坏。采用2套网格捕捉磨料和水射流的协同破岩作用,得到了岩石破碎体积、岩石损伤场、水射流压力场、水射流和磨料对岩石破碎的能量贡献率等关键参数的时空演化特征。结果表明,磨料水射流破岩过程磨料起主导作用,水射流起辅助作用。分析得到磨料水射流中磨料—水射流协同破岩机理认识,磨料撞击岩石使岩石局部产生的高程度损伤降低了水射流破岩的难度,此外磨料冲击破碎岩石使得水射流和岩石之间产生新界面,促使水射流的冲击压力升高,提高了水射流的破岩能力,因此磨料水射流中的水相比于纯水射流具有更高的射流打击力和能量利用率,磨料冲击预损伤岩石叠加水射流聚集增压的磨料—水射流协同作用破岩是磨料水射流破岩效率和能量利用率高于纯水射流数倍的重要机理之一。研究结果对优化磨料水射流破岩参数提供了理论模型和设计依据。