Impact of depression on in-hospital outcomes for adults with type 2 myocardial infarction:A United States population-based analysis

BACKGROUND Type 2 myocardial infarction(T2MI)is an ischemic myocardial injury in the context of oxygen supply/demand mismatch in the absence of a primary coronary event.However,though there is a rising prevalence of depression and its potential association with type 1 myocardial infarction(T1MI),data remains nonexistent to evaluate the asso-ciation with T2MI.AIM To identify the prevalence and risk of T2MI in adults with depression and its impact on the in-hospital outcomes.METHODS We queried the National Inpatient Sample(2019)to identify T2MI hospitalizations using Internal Classification of Diseases-10 codes in hospitalized adults(≥18 years).In addition,we compared sociodemographic and comorbidities in the T2MI cohort with vs without comorbid depression.Finally,we used multivariate regression analysis to study the odds of T2MI hospitalizations with vs without depression and in-hospital outcomes(all-cause mortality,cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,and stroke),adjusting for confounders.Statistical significance was RESULTS There were 331145 adult T2MI hospitalizations after excluding T1MI(median age:73 years,52.8%male,69.9%white);41405(12.5%)had depression,the remainder;289740 did not have depression.Multivariate analysis revealed lower odds of T2MI in patients with depression vs without[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.88,95%confidence interval(CI):0.86-0.90,P=0.001].There was the equal prevalence of prior MI with any revascularization and a similar prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in the cohorts with depression vs without depression.There is a greater prevalence of stroke in patients with depression(10.1%)vs those without(8.6%).There was a slightly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia in patients with depression vs without depression(56.5%vs 48.9%),as well as obesity(21.3%vs 17.9%).There was generally equal prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both cohorts.There was no significant difference in elective and non-elective admissions frequency between cohorts.Patients with depression vs without depression also showed a lower risk of all-cause mortality(aOR=0.75,95%CI:0.67-0.83,P=0.001),cardiogenic shock(aOR=0.65,95%CI:0.56-0.76,P=0.001),cardiac arrest(aOR=0.77,95%CI:0.67-0.89,P=0.001)as well as stroke(aOR=0.79,95%CI:0.70-0.89,P=0.001).CONCLUSION This study revealed a significantly lower risk of T2MI in patients with depression compared to patients without depression by decreasing adverse in-hospital outcomes such as all-cause mortality,cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,and stroke in patients with depression.

Relationship between primary caregivers’social support function,anxiety,and depression after interventional therapy for acute myocardial infarction patients

BACKGROUND An acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is often treated with direct coronary intervention and requires home-based rehabilitation.Caregivers of patients with AMI need adequate social support to maintain high-quality care;however,their social support function is low,and relevant indicators for intervention must be identified.AIM To analyze the correlation between social support for primary caregivers,their anxiety,and depression,when caring for patients with AMI after interventional therapy.METHODS Using convenience sampling,we selected 300 primary caregivers of patients with AMI who had undergone interventional therapy.The Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess the primary caregivers.A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the SSRS,SAS,and SDS,and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the low social support function of primary caregivers.The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the SAS and SDS for low social support function in primary caregivers.RESULTS Considering the norm among Chinese people,AMI caregivers’objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS scores were lower,while their SAS and SDS scores were higher.The SSRS scores of female caregivers were higher than those of the male caregivers(t=2.123,P=0.035).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS total scores were significantly correlated with both SAS(r=-0.414,-0.460,-0.416,-0.535)and SDS scores(r=-0.463,-0.379,-0.349,-0.472).Among the 300 AMI caregivers,56 cases(18.67%)had a low level of support function(SSRS≤22 points).Logistic regression model analysis showed that SAS and SDS were independent risk factors for low social support function of AMI caregivers,regardless of adjustment for other variables(P<0.05).SAS and SDS predicted that the AUC of AMI caregivers with low support function was 0.84,sensitivity was 67.9 and 71.4,and specificity was 84.0 and 70.9,respectively.CONCLUSION The social support function of the primary caregiver of patients with AMI after interventional therapy was lower and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression in the primary caregiver.

Effective treatment of depression improves post-myocardial infarction survival

AIM: To examine the contribution of treatment resistant depression(TRD) to mortality in depressed postmyocardial infarction(MI) patients independent of biological and social predictors.METHODS: This secondary analysis study utilizes the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease(ENRICHD) clinical trial data.From 1834 depressed patients in the ENRICHD study,there were 770 depressed post-MI patients who were treated for depression.In this study,TRD is defined as having a less than 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression(HAM-D) score from baseline and a HAM-D score of greater than 10 in 6 mo after depression treatment began.Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent contributions of TRD to mortality after controlling for the biological and social predictors.RESULTS: TRD occurred in 13.4%(n = 103) of the 770 patients treated for depression.Patients with TRD were significantly younger in age(P = 0.04)(mean = 57.0 years,SD = 11.7) than those without TRD(mean = 59.2 years,SD = 12.0).There was a significantly higher percentage of females with TRD(57.3%) compared to females without TRD(47.4%) [χ2(1) = 4.65,P = 0.031].There were significantly more current smokers with TRD(44.7%) than without TRD(33.0%) [χ2(1) = 7.34,P = 0.007].There were no significant differences in diabetes(P = 0.120),history of heart failure(P = 0.258),prior MI(P = 0.524),and prior stroke(P = 0.180) between patients with TRD and those without TRD.Mortality was 13%(n = 13) in patients with TRD and 7%(n = 49) in patients without TRD,with a mean follow-up of 29 mo(18 mo minimum and maximum of 4.5 years).TRD was a significant independent predictor of mortality(HR =1.995; 95%CI: 1.011-3.938,P = 0.046) after controlling for age(HR = 1.036; 95%CI: 1.011-1.061,P = 0.004),diabetes(HR = 2.912; 95%CI: 1.638-5.180,P < 0.001),heart failure(HR = 2.736; 95%CI: 1.551-4.827,P = 0.001),and smoking(HR = 0.502; 95%CI: 0.228-1.105,P = 0.087).CONCLUSION: The analysis of TRD in the ENRICHD study shows that the effective treatment of depression reduced mortality in depressed post-MI patients.It is important to monitor the effectiveness of depression treatment and change treatments if necessary to reduce depression and improve cardiac outcomes in depressed post-MI patients.

Self-reported sleep quality and depression in post myocardial infarction patients attending cardiology outpatient clinics in Oman

Objective: This study aimed to examine the sleep quality and prevalence of depression in post myocardial infarction patients attending cardiology outpatient clinics of selected hospitals in Oman.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from patients (n 180) who were at least 4 weeks post myocardial infarction diagnosis and receiving follow-up care in the outpatient clinic.The Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to assess sleep quality and depressive symptoms,respectively.Results: The sample mean age was 62.0 ± 11.3 years.Poor sleep quality affected 61.1% of the participants.The significant predictors of poor sleep quality were gender (P ≤ 0.05),body mass index (P ≤ 0.05),and self-reported regular exercise (P ≤ 0.01).The most impacted domains of sleep quality were sleep latency,sleep duration,and sleep disturbances.The prevalence of major depression was low (5%) and the rate of re-infarction was 27.2%.The prevalence of minimal to mild major depression with a potential of transitioning into major depression overtime was very high.Self-reported regular exercise (P ≤ 0.01) was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms.Conclusion: The sleep quality of post myocardial infarction patients was poor and the prevalence of depression was low.There was no significant relationship between sleep quality or depression with reinfarction.

Predictive power of abnormal electroencephalogram for post-cerebral infarction depression

Electroencephalography is a sensitive indicator for measuring brain condition, and can reflect early changes in brain function and severity of cerebral ischemia. However, it is not yet known whether electroencephalography can predict development of post-cerebral infarc- tion depression. A total of 321 patients with ischemic stroke underwent electroencephalography and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale assessment to analyze the relationship between electroencephalography and post-cerebral infarction depression. Our results show that electroencephalograms of ischemic stroke patients with depression exhibit low-amplitude alpha activity and slow theta activity. In con- trast, electroencephalograms of ischemic stroke patients without depression show fast beta activity and slow delta activity. ＂Ihese findings confirm that low-amplitude alpha activity and slow theta activity can be considered as independent predictors for post-cerebral infarction depression.

Depression and myocardial injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study

BACKGROUND Depression is common in patients with myocardial infarction and has been independently associated with adverse outcomes.However,the association between depression and myocardial injury on cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)has still not been assessed.AIM To assess the association between depression and myocardial injury on CMR in patients with STEMI.METHODS A total of 107 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(P-PCI)were analyzed in this prospectivecohort study.Each subject completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.CMR was performed at a median of 3 d after PPCI for quantifying post-MI myocardial injury.Correlations between depression identified by the PHQ-9 and myocardial injury measured on CMR were assessed.RESULTS In this study,19 patients(17.8%)were diagnosed with major depression identified by the PHQ-9≥10.PHQ-9 was analyzed both as a continuous variable and dichotomous variable.After multivariable adjustment,the proportion of patients with large infarction size was significantly higher in the major depression group(PHQ-9≥10)(OR:4.840,95%CI:1.122–20.868,P=0.034).When the PHQ-9 was evaluated as a continuous variable,after multivariable adjustment,an increased PHQ-9 score was associated with an increased risk of large infarction size(OR:1.226,95%CI:1.073–1.401,P=0.003).CONCLUSION In patients with STEMI undergoing PCI,depression was independently associated with a large infarction size.

The Effectiveness or Efficacy of Modified Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) in Reducing the Severity of Depression among Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Background: Post myocardial infarction depression is common and puts a negative effect on recovery. Modified Nursing interventions effectively reduce the frequency and severity of depression in such patients. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Modified Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) in reducing the severity of depression among patients with Myocardial Infarction. Methods: Sixty-eight stable patients with myocardial infarction (>1 month history) having mild to moderate depression in accordance to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [with a score of 5 to 14] were enrolled. Patients were assorted into interventional and control group. Modified Nursing Intervention was offered in Interventional Group. The frequency and effectiveness of Modified Nursing Intervention among the groups were determined and compared. Results: Both moderate and mild level depression was decreased in Intervention Group as compare to Control Group. Baseline mean depression PHQ-9 score was 2.35 point statistically significantly higher in the Control Group than Interventional Group (Conclusion: Modified Nursing intervention is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of depression compared to routine care in patients with Myocardial infarction.

Clinical Implication of ST Segment Depression in aVR &aVL in Patients with Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the role of ST segment depression in the limb leads aVR and aVL for the diagnosis of acute posterior wall infarction and the identification of infarct related artery (IRA) in patients with acute inferior wall MI. Methods: In 159 patients with I-STEMI, 127 (80%) had RCA occlusion and 32 (20%) had LCX occlusion. In the ECG algorithms, RCA occlusion was indicated by ST depression in lead aVL higher than lead aVR and no ST depression in lead aVL and aVR. LCX occlusion was indicated by ST depression in lead aVR higher than or equal to lead aVL and no ST depression in aVL and aVR. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of these algorithms were high (98%, 82%, 92% and 95% for RCA occlusion and 83%, 98%, 95% and 92% for LCX occlusion). Conclusion: The ECG algorithms can reliably identify the culprit artery in I-STEMI. ST segment depression in limb leads aVR and aVL with avR ≥ aVL helps to diagnose left circumflex artery as a culprit IRA in an acute inferior wall MI.

Analysis of mental health status and related factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND Acute cerebral infarction(ACI)is characterized by a high incidence of morbidity,disability,recurrence,death and heavy economic burden,and has become a disease of concern in global researchers.As ACI has serious effects on patients’physical status,life and economy,often causing anxiety,depression and other psychological problems,these problems can lead to the aggravation of physical symptoms;thus,it is very important to understand the factors affecting the mental health of these patients.AIM To understand the elements that affect the mental health of patients who have suffered an ACI.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among patients with ACI admitted to three tertiary hospitals(Quanzhou First Hospital,Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University,and the 900 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army of China)in Fujian Province from January 2022 to December 2022 using the convenience sampling method.ACI inpatients who met the inclusion criteria were selected.Informed consent was obtained from the patients before the investigation,and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted using a unified scale.The questionnaire included a general situation questionnaire,Zung’s self-rating depression scale and Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale.All questionnaires were checked by two researchers and then the data were input and sorted using Excel software.The general situation of patients with ACI was analyzed by descriptive statistics,the influence of variables on mental health by the independent sample t test and variance analysis,and the influencing factors on psychological distress were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.RESULTS The average age of the 220 patients with ACI was 68.64±10.74 years,including 142 males and 78 females.Most of the patients were between 60 and 74 years old,the majority had high school or technical secondary school education,most lived with their spouse,and most lived in cities.The majority of patients had a personal income of 3001 to 5000 RMB yuan per month.The new rural cooperative medical insurance system had the largest number of participants.Most stroke patients were cared for by their spouses and of these patients,52.3%had previously smoked.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,residence,course of disease,number of previous chronic diseases and smoking history were the main factors affecting the anxiety scores of patients with ACI.Age,living conditions,monthly income,course of disease and knowledge of disease were the primary variables influencing the depression score in patients with ACI.The findings of multivariate analysis revealed that the course of disease and gender were the most important factors influencing patients’anxiety scores,and the course of disease was also the most important factor influencing patients’depression scores.CONCLUSION Long disease course and female patients with ACI were more likely to have psychological problems such as a high incidence of emotional disorders.These groups require more attention and counseling.

Rehabilitation and functional prognosis of acute brain infarct complicated with depression

Objective To observe rehabilitation and functional prognosis of patients suffered from brain infarction of acute phase complicated by depression. Method We selected 38 cases of acute brain infarct complicated with depression disorder as depression group, 40 cases of non-depression patient admitted at the same period were selected as non depression group.Antidepressants drugs administration and rehabilitation therapy were performed.We evaluated patients according to functional independence measure(FIM)of Chinese edition. HAMD grading comparison was carried out in depression group. Result Before treatment,two groups score nearly the same,compared with pretreatment. After treatment,patients in depression group and non depression group showed significant improvement esp non-depression group (P<0.01).11 cases with severe depression in the depression showed no changes in FIM score before and after treatment. Conclusion Compared with non-depression patients,functional recovery of patients with depression following brain infarction of acute stage is much slower,especially for patients with severe depression.

Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms increase the risk of post-stroke depression

Recent reports have shown that apolipoprotein E （APOE） polymorphisms are involved in neurodegenerative disease. However, it is unclear whether APOE affects post-stroke depression. Accordingly, we hypothesized that APOE polymorphisms modify the risk of post-stroke depression. Here, we performed a hospital-based case-control study （including 76 cerebral infarction cases with post-stroke depression, 88 cerebral infarction cases without post-stroke depression, and 109 controls without any evidence of post-stroke depression or cerebral infarction） to determine possible association between APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms and risk of post-stroke depression. Our findings show no difference among the groups with regards genotype distribution of the rs7412 polymorphism. In contrast, APOE genotypes with rs429358-C alleles increased the risk of post-stroke depression. Further, the rs429358 polymorphism was associated with significantly decreased regional cerebral blood flow values in the left temporal lobe of post-stroke depression cases. Additionally, the rs429358 polymorphism was not only associated with depression severity, but with increasing serum levels of total cholesterol. These resuits suggest that the APOE rs429358 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of developing post-stroke depression, and that APOE rs429358-C allele genotypes may be detrimental to recovery of nerve function after stoke. Indeed, these findings provide clinical data for future post-stroke depression gene interventions.

Cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning in the brain

Cortical spreading depression is a technique used to depolarize neurons. During focal or global ischemia, cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning can enhance tolerance of further injury. However, the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon remains relatively unclear. To date, numerous issues exist regarding the experimental model used to precondition the brain with cortical spreading depression, such as the administration route, concentration of potassium chloride, induction time, duration of the protection provided by the treatment, the regional distribution of the protective effect, and the types of neurons responsible for the greater tolerance. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying cor- tical spreading depression-induced tolerance in the brain, considering excitatory neurotransmission and metabolism, nitric oxide, genomic reprogramming, inflammation, neurotropic factors, and cellular stress response. Specifically, we clarify the procedures and detailed information regarding cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning and build a foundation for more comprehensive investigations in the field of neural regeneration and clinical application in the future.

急性脑梗死患者血清miR-16表达与并发抑郁的关系

目的:探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清微小核糖核酸-16(miR-16)表达与并发抑郁的关系。方法:选择自贡市第一人民医院神经内科2019年12月~2021年9月收治的189例ACI患者作为疾病组,另选择同期在本院体检的健康志愿者175例作为健康组,均采用定量实时聚合酶联反应(qRT-PCR)法检测血清miR-16表达。治疗后随访6个月,根据是否并发抑郁将ACI患者分为抑郁组(56例)和无抑郁组(133例),比较两组血清miR-16表达及一般资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析ACI患者并发抑郁的影响因素。结果:疾病组血清miR-16表达[(13.24±2.41)比(5.76±1.02)]显著高于健康组(P<0.001)。随访6个月,189例ACI患者中抑郁发生率为29.63%。与无抑郁组比较,抑郁组血清miR-16表达[(12.75±2.23)比(14.42±2.68)]、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分[(15.12±2.88)分比(18.23±3.42)分]和性格内向(38.35%比67.86%)、失语(43.61%比62.50%)占比均显著升高,BI评分[(56.24±9.89)分比(48.41±9.45)分]显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清miR-16表达(OR=3.071,95%CI 1.653~5.562,P<0.001)、性格内向(OR=4.623,95%CI 2.321~6.589,P=0.009)、失语(OR=3.854,95%CI 1.785~6.112,P<0.001)、入院时NIHSS评分(OR=4.354,95%CI 2.121~6.563,P<0.001)均是影响ACI患者并发抑郁的独立危险因素,而BI评分是其独立保护因素(OR=0.626,95%CI 0.335~0.914,P=0.017)。结论:ACI患者血清miR-16表达显著高于健康人群,其与性格内向、失语、入院时NIHSS评分、BI指数评分均是ACI患者并发抑郁的独立影响因素。

脑梗死患者康复科住院期间卒中后抑郁程度的相关因素

目的 探讨脑梗死患者在康复科住院期间发生卒中后抑郁的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年12月至2023年2月在北京博爱医院住院、曾诊断为抑郁状态且经心理科会诊的脑梗死患者,统计一般资料(性别、年龄、学历、婚姻),疾病特征(病程、病灶位置、偏瘫侧别、感觉障碍、失语、失眠、吞咽障碍、肩手综合征、便秘),运动功能(偏瘫侧肌力、Brunnstrom分期),简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Fugl-Meyer评定量表(FMA)、Fugl-Meyer评定量表-平衡(FMA-B)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分等资料。HAMD≤20分的患者入低HAMD组,HAMD> 20分的患者入高HAMD组。结果 在2 403例脑梗死患者中,诊断为抑郁状态且经心理科会诊的患者269例,低HAMD组103例,高HAMD组166例。高HAMD组便秘发生率较低,吞咽障碍、肩手综合征发生率较高(χ^(2)> 5.379, P <0.05);髂腰肌、股四头肌肌力,下肢和手Brunnstrom分期,NIHSS、MMSE、FMA、FMA-B、MBI评分差于低HAMD组(|Z|> 2.020, t> 2.171, P <0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,便秘(OR=0.435)、股四头肌肌力(OR=0.782)、吞咽障碍(OR=2.602)是康复期患者发生卒中后抑郁的相关因素(P <0.05)。结论 卒中后吞咽障碍和肌力下降,可能加重卒中后抑郁。便秘可能并不加重卒中后抑郁程度。

抑郁焦虑导致心肌梗死的危险因素

探讨抑郁和焦虑导致心肌梗死的危险因素,为合理预防心肌梗死提供科学依据。选取来我院住院治疗的300名心肌梗塞患者,采用住院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)来确定心肌梗死患者出院时的焦虑和抑郁情况,观察患者的性别、年龄、吸烟情况、入院时的生命体征和胸部疼痛严重程度、糖尿病、高血压、左心室射血分数(LVEF)以及心室颤动、持续性室性心动过速、心源性休克等并发症。结果显示,抑郁评分高的患者(8~21分)比抑郁评分低的患者(0~7分)更容易出现并发症(χ^(2)=34.15,P<0.001),男性低于女性,且ST段抬高型的心肌梗死更为常见,说明抑郁和焦虑是易感人群发生心肌梗死的危险因素,故预防、治疗抑郁及焦虑可减少心肌梗死的发生。

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能的影响因素分析

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后锻炼行动自我效能的影响因素。方法:选取2021年12月—2023年12月某院通过PCI成功植入冠状动脉支架的103例AMI患者,收集相关临床资料。单因素及多重线性回归分析影响AMI患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能的因素。结果:单因素分析显示,不同性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、医疗保险、居住地点、家庭平均月收入、支架植入数、吸烟史AMI患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄≥60岁、焦虑、抑郁的AMI患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能评分低于年龄<60岁、无焦虑、无抑郁患者,锻炼行为各阶段评分呈行动阶段>意向阶段>前意向阶段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,锻炼行为阶段、焦虑、抑郁是AMI患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:锻炼行为阶段、焦虑、抑郁与AMI患者PCI术后锻炼行动自我效能密切相关。

人文关怀在急性心肌梗死经鼻烟壶动脉途径行PCI术患者不良情绪及睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析人文关怀在急性心肌梗死经鼻烟壶动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术患者不良情绪及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取厦门大学附属第一医院经鼻烟壶动脉途径行PCI术治疗的急性心肌梗死患者96例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组48例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组配合人文关怀护理,比较2组心肌梗死患者的恢复结果。结果:护理后,观察组心肌梗死患者焦虑、抑郁情绪程度较对照组明显更低,睡眠状况则较对照组更佳,且观察组严重心律失常、心绞痛、非致死性心肌梗死等心脏不良事件也较对照组更少(P<0.05)。结论:人文关怀在急性心肌梗死患者经鼻烟壶动脉途径行PCI术可显著提高睡眠质量。

艾司西酞普兰对脑梗死后抑郁症患者心理状态的影响

目的探析脑梗死后抑郁症(PCID)患者采用艾司西酞普兰治疗的临床效果。方法随机选取92例PCID患者为对象,奇偶法分为对照组和观察组,各46例。两组均接受脑梗死常规对症治疗,对照组增加氟哌噻吨美利曲辛治疗,观察组增加艾司西酞普兰治疗。比较两组神经功能、心理状态、神经递质与临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率97.83%高于对照组的80.43%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分(4.12±0.12)、(4.11±0.36)分较对照组的(7.36±0.65)、(7.63±1.23)分低,简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分(26.25±3.15)分较对照组的(23.15±1.24)分高(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(4.12±0.13)分较对照组的(6.12±0.52)分低,Barthel指数(BI)评分(76.49±4.62)分较对照组的(72.25±2.36)分高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组进食、洗澡、修饰、穿衣、控制大便、控制小便、如厕、床椅转移、平地行走、上下楼梯评分分别为(8.56±0.36)、(8.69±0.45)、(8.69±0.63)、(8.78±0.46)、(8.82±0.15)、(8.96±0.32)、(8.88±0.25)、(9.11±0.56)、(8.68±0.46)、(8.89±0.47)分,高于对照组的(7.69±0.65)、(7.71±0.33)、(7.63±0.34)、(7.89±0.34)、(7.25±0.64)、(8.12±0.11)、(7.96±0.15)、(7.86±0.13)、(7.89±0.31)、(7.86±0.36)分(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率2.17%低于对照组的17.39%(P<0.05)。结论在脑梗死常规对症基础上,PCID患者治疗中使用艾司西酞普兰的效果显著,能快速改善患者神经功能,提高患者日常生活能力,缓解焦虑、抑郁症状,提高患者认知功能,具有较高的用药安全性。

长疗程逆灸对急性脑梗死患者预防卒中后抑郁的效果观察

目的观察长疗程逆灸对急性脑梗死患者预防卒中后抑郁发生的效果。方法本研究为随机对照试验,前瞻性选取2021年1月至2022年12月江苏省海滨康复医院及连云港市中医院收治的80例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组(40例)及对照组(40例)。治疗组男21例、女19例,年龄(64.55±9.37)岁;对照组男22例、女18例,年龄(64.58±8.89)岁。对照组给予卒中规范化治疗,主要包括抗血小板聚集,降脂,合并有高血压、糖尿病以及冠心病患者均给予相应对症治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上采用长疗程逆灸治疗,20 min/次,1次/d,5 d/周,持续24周。对比两组患者治疗前及治疗4周、8周、12周、24周的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、Barthel指数(BI)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及卒中后抑郁发生率。采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果治疗组患者治疗4周、8周、12周、24周卒中后抑郁发生率均低于对照组[2.5%(1/40)比17.5%(7/40)、5.0%(2/40)比20.0%(8/40)、10.0%(4/40)比27.5%(11/40)、17.5%(7/40)比37.5%(15/40)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.000、4.114、4.021、4.013,均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗4周、8周、12周HAMD评分均低于对照组[(7.25±2.88)分比(9.07±4.21)分、(9.70±2.74)分比(11.28±3.58)分、(12.17±2.76)分比(13.85±3.54)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.261、2.210、2.358,均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗12周、24周MMSE评分均高于对照组[(23.60±1.89)分比(22.70±1.83)分、(24.93±1.46)分比(23.75±1.63)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.163、3.400,均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗4周、8周、12周、24周BI评分均高于对照组[(66.13±6.84)分比(62.88±10.35)分、(69.25±4.88)分比(65.75±5.26)分、(73.13±4.63)分比(70.38±4.58)分、(74.63±3.47)分比(71.75±4.46)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.091、3.087、2.671、3.216,均P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组NIHSS评分低于对照组[(7.20±2.43)分比(11.03±2.70)分],差异有统计学意义(t=6.655,P<0.05)。结论长疗程逆灸急性脑梗死患者百会、大椎穴,可促进脑梗死患者神经功能恢复,改善认知功能,降低卒中后抑郁发生率。

温胆宁心颗粒对心肌梗死合并抑郁大鼠BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响研究

目的:本研究观察温胆宁心颗粒(WDNX)对心肌梗死合并抑郁症大鼠BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:通过皮下多点注射异丙肾上腺素和慢性不可预见性轻度应激方法制备心肌梗死合并抑郁症模型大鼠,给予WDNX干预28 d后,经胸心脏超声检测心功能变化;根据糖水偏好和旷场实验评估大鼠抑郁状态;采用苏木素-伊红和尼氏染色观察心肌、脑组织病理变化及神经元损伤;最后通过免疫组化和Western blotting技术检测BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt通路的表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)显著降低(P<0.01),心肌组织可见大量纤维水肿,胞质疏松,组织边缘可见心肌纤维溶解,伴有少量淋巴细胞浸润;脑组织有明显弥散型损伤,间质肿胀,炎症细胞聚集,形态不规则;尼氏染色观察,模型组神经元数量显著减少,形态不规则,排列松散紊乱,细胞间隙增大,还导致尼氏体形态的固缩,出现病理改变;模型大鼠糖水偏好度、中央区活动时间和中央穿越次数明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,WDNX组LVEF、LVFS显著升高(P<0.01),心肌纤维水肿、胞质疏松、炎症浸润、细胞空洞变性及纤维溶解程度均有改善,脑组织神经元形态较为规则,排列较整齐紧密,神经元数量相对增多,还可恢复尼氏体形态;WDNX组大鼠糖水偏好度、中央区活动时间和中央穿越次数明显增加(P<0.05)。免疫组化染色结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠心肌和脑组织(海马、皮层和下丘脑)BDNF蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01),心肌TrkB、PI3K和Akt蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,WDNX组心肌和脑组织(海马、皮层和下丘脑)BDNF蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05),心肌TrkB、PI3K和Akt蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.01);Western blotting检测结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠心肌BDNF、TrkB、PI3K和Akt蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,WDNX组心肌BDNF、TrkB、PI3K和Akt蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:温胆宁心颗粒能有效改善心肌梗死合并抑郁大鼠的心肌损伤和抑郁行为,这可能与BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt通路的激活相关。