The application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)has a history of more than 2000 years,which have the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target,and high safety.Post-infectious cough(PIC)is a respiratory dis...The application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)has a history of more than 2000 years,which have the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target,and high safety.Post-infectious cough(PIC)is a respiratory disease with high incidence.It belongs to subacute cough and accounts for as much as40%–50%.Cough is the main clinical manifestation of PIC.PIC seriously affects people’s life quality because of complex etiology,long-term course of disease,treatment difficulties and other characteristics.Western medicines are based on the principle of symptomatic treatment,so they are often difficult to control PIC fundamentally.These factors could due to that PIC is prolonged and unable to heal repeatedly.TCMs have obvious advantages in treating PIC,with accurate curative effects,less side effects and adverse reactions and are effective in improving PIC-related symptoms and indicators,enhancing patients’life quality and reducing pain.TCMs,guided by holistic concept and syndrome differentiation,advocate determine treatment on the basis of pattern types,and have remarkable clinical treatment effects.As for TCMs etiology,pathogenesis and syndrome types of PIC,TCM scholars have not yet reached a unified standard.However,most of them think that wind pathogen can cause PIC alone,or it can be combined with other evils,which might be the main mechanism of PIC.This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of TCMs in PIC treatment from etiology,pathogenesis,distribution of syndrome types and treatment of TCMs.This article focuses on the treatment methods and pharmacodynamic material basis of wind pathogen,providing ideas in treating PIC of TCMs clinically and innovative drug development.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorder.Approximately 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysenter...Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorder.Approximately 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysentery.The appearance of new IBS symptoms following an infectious event is defined as post-infectiousIBS.Indeed,with the World Health Organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually,infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare burden.Additionally,compounding evidence suggests many commonly encountered enteropathogens as unique triggers behind IBS symptom generation and underlying pathophysiological features.A growing body of work provides evidence supporting a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota,epithelial barrier integrity,effector cell functions,and innate and adaptive immune features,all proposed physiological manifestations that can underlie GI abnormalities in IBS.Enteric pathogens must employ a vast array of machinery to evade host protective immune mechanisms,and illicit successful infections.Consequently,the impact of infectious events on host physiology can be multidimensional in terms of anatomical location,functional scope,and duration.This review offers a unique discussion of the mechanisms employed by many commonly encountered enteric pathogens that cause acute disease,but may also lead to the establishment of chronic GI dysfunction compatible with IBS.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) number using a new rat model.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups.The first group received gavage with Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) 81-176.T...AIM:To investigate the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) number using a new rat model.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups.The first group received gavage with Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) 81-176.The second group was gavaged with placebo.Three months after clearance of Campylobacter from the stool,precise segments of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum were ligated in self-contained loops of bowel that were preserved in anaerobic bags.Deep muscular plexus ICC(DMP-ICC) were quantified by two blinded readers assessing the tissue in a random,coded order.The number of ICC per villus was compared among controls,Campylobacter recovered rats without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO),and Campylobacter recovered rats with SIBO.RESULTS:Three months after recovery,27% of rats gavaged with C.jejuni had SIBO.The rats with SIBO had a lower number of DMP-ICC than controls in the jejunum and ileum.Additionally there appeared to be a density threshold of 0.12 DMP-ICC/villus that was associated with SIBO.If ileal density of DMP-ICC was < 0.12 ICC/villus,54% of rats had SIBO compared to 9% among ileal sections with > 0.12(P<0.05).If the density of ICC was < 0.12 DMP-ICC/villus in more than one location of the bowel,88% of these had SIBO compared to 6% in those who did not(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In this post-infectious rat model,the development of SIBO appears to be associated with a reduction in DMP-ICC.Further study of this rat model might help understand the pathophysiology of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma(CVA)is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and daily activities of children.For severe CVA,immunomodulatory drugs a...BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma(CVA)is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and daily activities of children.For severe CVA,immunomodulatory drugs are needed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of salmeterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of pediatric CVA.METHODS 130 children with CVA from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group(salmeterol combined with budesonide)and a control group(budesonide combined with a placebo).Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups before and after intervention.The evaluation parameters include cough frequency score,nocturnal cough arousal,and lung function indicators.Serum inflammatory markers,immune function markers and airway anatomical indicators were also measured.RESULTS After the intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the cough frequency score and the night cough wake rate of the observation group were lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference.In addition,the changes of lung function indicators,serum markers and immune function markers in the observation group were better than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of salmeterol combined with Budesonide in the treatment of CVA is better than that of Budesonide alone.展开更多
One-hundred years have passed since the original description of the commonly described phenomenon of persistent abdominal symptoms being triggered by an acute enteric infection. This first account was generated out of...One-hundred years have passed since the original description of the commonly described phenomenon of persistent abdominal symptoms being triggered by an acute enteric infection. This first account was generated out of astute observations by Sir Arthur Hurst in World War I. Additional descriptions followed from military and non-military practitioners adding the evidence which has transitioned this recognized condition from association to causation. While mechanistic understanding is an area of active pursuit, this historical accounting of a centuries progress highlights important advances and contributions of military medicine and scientists to advances benefiting global populations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)is generally regarded as a functional disease.Several recent studies have reported the involvement of lowgrade inflammation and immunological dysfunction in P...BACKGROUND Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)is generally regarded as a functional disease.Several recent studies have reported the involvement of lowgrade inflammation and immunological dysfunction in PI-IBS.T helper 17(Th17)polarization occurs in IBS.Adenosine and its receptors participate in intestinal inflammation and immune regulation.AIM To investigate the role of Th17 polarization of CD4+T cells regulated by adenosine 2A receptor(A2AR)in PI-IBS.METHODS A PI-IBS model was established by infecting mice with Trichinella spiralis.The intestinal A2AR and CD4+T lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay.CD4+T lymphocytes present in the animal’s spleen were separated and cultured with or without A2AR agonist and antagonist.Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the effect of A2AR on the cells and intestinal tissue.Cytokine production was determined.The protein and mRNA levels of A2AR associated signaling pathway molecules were also evaluated.Furthermore,A2AR agonist and antagonist were injected into the mouse model and the clinical features were observed.RESULTS The PI-IBS mouse model showed increased expression of ATP and A2AR(P<0.05),and inhibition of A2AR improved the clinical features in PI-IBS,including the abdominal withdrawal reflex and colon transportation test(P<0.05).The number of intestinal CD4+T cells and interleukin-17(IL-17)protein levels increased during PI-IBS,which was reversed by administration of the A2AR antagonist(P<0.05).CD4+T cells expressed A2AR and produced IL-17 in vitro,which was regulated by the A2AR agonist and antagonist.The A2AR antagonist increased the production of IL-17 by CD4+T cells via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcriptionreceptor-related orphan receptorγsignaling pathway.CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that the upregulation of A2AR increases PI-IBS by promoting the Th17 polarization of CD4+T cells.展开更多
This research is focused on a highly effective and untapped feature called gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients(GFCC)for the detection of COVID-19 by using the nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm of deer hun...This research is focused on a highly effective and untapped feature called gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients(GFCC)for the detection of COVID-19 by using the nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm of deer hunting optimization and artificial neural network(DHO-ANN).The noisy crowdsourced cough datasets were collected from the public domain.This research work claimed that the GFCC yielded better results in terms of COVID-19 detection as compared to the widely used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient in noisy crowdsourced speech corpora.The proposed algorithm's performance for detecting COVID-19 disease is rigorously validated using statistical measures,F1 score,confusion matrix,specificity,and sensitivity parameters.Besides,it is found that the proposed algorithm using GFCC performs well in terms of detecting the COVID-19 disease from the noisy crowdsourced cough dataset,COUGHVID.Moreover,the proposed algorithm and undertaken feature parameters have improved the detection of COVID-19 by 5%compared to the existing methods.展开更多
Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of chronic cough. Methods: Databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane ...Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of chronic cough. Methods: Databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library from inception to February 2021 were electronically searched by two researchers, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic cough, UACS/PNDS, CVA, EB, AC, GERD and other types of cough. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze and summarize the collected literature, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the bias risk assessment scale of Cochrance Collaboration Network. Results: A total of 26 articles involving 2 820 patients, with 1 420 in the experimental group and 1 400 in the control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared to the control group which was treated with western medicine alone, TCM significantly improved the clinical effective rate [RR=1.20, 95% CI(1.16,1.25), P<0.000 01], alleviated cough syndrome score [SMD=-0.83, 95% CI(-1.21,-0.44)], and enhenced the score of quality of life [MD=-2.18, 95%CI(1.63,2.74), P<0.000 01];at the same time, the experimental group was better than the control group in improving lung function and reducing the time of cough relief. In terms of safety, a total of 24 patients in 5 literatures had adverse reactions, but the symptoms were mild and could be relieved quickly. In addition, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the control group and the experimental group, showing good safety. Conclusion: TCM treatment can significantly improve the cure rate of cough, reduce cough score, improve systemic symptoms, relieve psychological anxiety, improve lung function, and improve cough symptoms rapidly, with good safety.展开更多
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection within the sensory nerve ganglion of the spinal or cranial nerves.Laryngeal herpes zoster is rare and involves superior lar...BACKGROUND Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection within the sensory nerve ganglion of the spinal or cranial nerves.Laryngeal herpes zoster is rare and involves superior laryngeal nerve,which leads to several complications such as throat pain,and cough.CASE SUMMARY Patient concerns:A 52-year old woman presented with a 70 d history of throat pain and a 67 d history of non-productive cough.Three days after onset of pain,she was diagnosed with laryngeal herpes zoster.Flexible nasolaryngoscopy revealed multiple white ulcerated lesions on the left hemi epiglottis and the left supraglottic area.She was prescribed with 750 mg famciclovir a day for 7 d,and 150 mg pregabalin,100 mg tramadol and 10 mg nortriptyline a day for 67 d.However,despite of these medications,she complained of pain and persistent cough.Therefore,superior laryngeal nerve block under ultrasound guidance was performed.Three days after the intervention,the throat pain and cough disappeared.The patient remained symptom-free at 3 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION A superior laryngeal nerve block can be an effective option for treatment of pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by Qiaoqin Qingfei agent in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model gr...Objective:To investigate the mechanism of regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by Qiaoqin Qingfei agent in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,montelukast sodium group(1.05 mg/kg)and high,medium and low dose groups(26,13,6.5 g/kg),with 8 rats in each group.The rat CVA model was established by the method of ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3)sensitization and repeated stimulation.From the second day of sensitization,the rat CVA model was given by gavage for 28 days.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under microscope by HE staining.The content changes of nerve growth factor(NGF)and substance P(SP)in alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA,and the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Pathological findings showed significant inflammatory manifestations in the model group,and the inflammatory infiltration in the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent and montelukast sodium groups were alleviated to varying degrees.Compared with blank group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue of model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue and the contents of NGF and SP in alveolar lavage fluid in high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups and montelukast sodium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qiaoqin Qingfei agent may reduce airway inflammation and relieve cough variant asthma by regulating the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in airway neurogenic inflammation.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were div...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were divided into Control,CVA,Prednisone Acetate,Glycyrrhetinic Acid high-dose,Glycyrrhetinic Acid middle-dose and Glycyrrhetinic Acid lowdose groups randomly,with 8 mice in each group.The CVA mice model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and OVA challenge,the animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration,and the index of the lung of mice were recorded.The level of OVAsIgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was tested by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.The protein expressions of T-bet,IFN-γ,Gata3,IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with the CVA group,the index of lung of mice,the OVA-sIgE level in BALF and expression levels of Th2-related factor in the lung tissue of mice in Prednisone Acetate and Glycyrrhetinic Acid groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue was reduced,while expressions of Th1-related factor in the lung tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid has therapeutic effect on CVA mice,the underlying mechanism of Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviating lung impairment and airway inflammation may be associated with mediating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the lung tissue.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1903122,81872768,82003630)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807118)+4 种基金Liaoning BaiQianWanShenyang Young Scientific and Technological Innovators Program(RC200408)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-BS-129)Postdoctoral Scienceof China(2020M671384)Special Fund of Research Institute of Drug Regulatory Science Research Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2021jgkx010)。
文摘The application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)has a history of more than 2000 years,which have the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target,and high safety.Post-infectious cough(PIC)is a respiratory disease with high incidence.It belongs to subacute cough and accounts for as much as40%–50%.Cough is the main clinical manifestation of PIC.PIC seriously affects people’s life quality because of complex etiology,long-term course of disease,treatment difficulties and other characteristics.Western medicines are based on the principle of symptomatic treatment,so they are often difficult to control PIC fundamentally.These factors could due to that PIC is prolonged and unable to heal repeatedly.TCMs have obvious advantages in treating PIC,with accurate curative effects,less side effects and adverse reactions and are effective in improving PIC-related symptoms and indicators,enhancing patients’life quality and reducing pain.TCMs,guided by holistic concept and syndrome differentiation,advocate determine treatment on the basis of pattern types,and have remarkable clinical treatment effects.As for TCMs etiology,pathogenesis and syndrome types of PIC,TCM scholars have not yet reached a unified standard.However,most of them think that wind pathogen can cause PIC alone,or it can be combined with other evils,which might be the main mechanism of PIC.This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of TCMs in PIC treatment from etiology,pathogenesis,distribution of syndrome types and treatment of TCMs.This article focuses on the treatment methods and pharmacodynamic material basis of wind pathogen,providing ideas in treating PIC of TCMs clinically and innovative drug development.
基金Supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(individual operating and CREATE)
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorder.Approximately 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysentery.The appearance of new IBS symptoms following an infectious event is defined as post-infectiousIBS.Indeed,with the World Health Organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually,infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare burden.Additionally,compounding evidence suggests many commonly encountered enteropathogens as unique triggers behind IBS symptom generation and underlying pathophysiological features.A growing body of work provides evidence supporting a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota,epithelial barrier integrity,effector cell functions,and innate and adaptive immune features,all proposed physiological manifestations that can underlie GI abnormalities in IBS.Enteric pathogens must employ a vast array of machinery to evade host protective immune mechanisms,and illicit successful infections.Consequently,the impact of infectious events on host physiology can be multidimensional in terms of anatomical location,functional scope,and duration.This review offers a unique discussion of the mechanisms employed by many commonly encountered enteric pathogens that cause acute disease,but may also lead to the establishment of chronic GI dysfunction compatible with IBS.
基金Supported by A grant from Beatrice and Samuel A Seaver Foundation as well as the Shoolman Foundation
文摘AIM:To investigate the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) number using a new rat model.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups.The first group received gavage with Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) 81-176.The second group was gavaged with placebo.Three months after clearance of Campylobacter from the stool,precise segments of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum were ligated in self-contained loops of bowel that were preserved in anaerobic bags.Deep muscular plexus ICC(DMP-ICC) were quantified by two blinded readers assessing the tissue in a random,coded order.The number of ICC per villus was compared among controls,Campylobacter recovered rats without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO),and Campylobacter recovered rats with SIBO.RESULTS:Three months after recovery,27% of rats gavaged with C.jejuni had SIBO.The rats with SIBO had a lower number of DMP-ICC than controls in the jejunum and ileum.Additionally there appeared to be a density threshold of 0.12 DMP-ICC/villus that was associated with SIBO.If ileal density of DMP-ICC was < 0.12 ICC/villus,54% of rats had SIBO compared to 9% among ileal sections with > 0.12(P<0.05).If the density of ICC was < 0.12 DMP-ICC/villus in more than one location of the bowel,88% of these had SIBO compared to 6% in those who did not(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In this post-infectious rat model,the development of SIBO appears to be associated with a reduction in DMP-ICC.Further study of this rat model might help understand the pathophysiology of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.
文摘BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma(CVA)is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and daily activities of children.For severe CVA,immunomodulatory drugs are needed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of salmeterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of pediatric CVA.METHODS 130 children with CVA from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group(salmeterol combined with budesonide)and a control group(budesonide combined with a placebo).Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups before and after intervention.The evaluation parameters include cough frequency score,nocturnal cough arousal,and lung function indicators.Serum inflammatory markers,immune function markers and airway anatomical indicators were also measured.RESULTS After the intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the cough frequency score and the night cough wake rate of the observation group were lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference.In addition,the changes of lung function indicators,serum markers and immune function markers in the observation group were better than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of salmeterol combined with Budesonide in the treatment of CVA is better than that of Budesonide alone.
文摘One-hundred years have passed since the original description of the commonly described phenomenon of persistent abdominal symptoms being triggered by an acute enteric infection. This first account was generated out of astute observations by Sir Arthur Hurst in World War I. Additional descriptions followed from military and non-military practitioners adding the evidence which has transitioned this recognized condition from association to causation. While mechanistic understanding is an area of active pursuit, this historical accounting of a centuries progress highlights important advances and contributions of military medicine and scientists to advances benefiting global populations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160057,No.81860102,and No.82060102.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)is generally regarded as a functional disease.Several recent studies have reported the involvement of lowgrade inflammation and immunological dysfunction in PI-IBS.T helper 17(Th17)polarization occurs in IBS.Adenosine and its receptors participate in intestinal inflammation and immune regulation.AIM To investigate the role of Th17 polarization of CD4+T cells regulated by adenosine 2A receptor(A2AR)in PI-IBS.METHODS A PI-IBS model was established by infecting mice with Trichinella spiralis.The intestinal A2AR and CD4+T lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay.CD4+T lymphocytes present in the animal’s spleen were separated and cultured with or without A2AR agonist and antagonist.Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the effect of A2AR on the cells and intestinal tissue.Cytokine production was determined.The protein and mRNA levels of A2AR associated signaling pathway molecules were also evaluated.Furthermore,A2AR agonist and antagonist were injected into the mouse model and the clinical features were observed.RESULTS The PI-IBS mouse model showed increased expression of ATP and A2AR(P<0.05),and inhibition of A2AR improved the clinical features in PI-IBS,including the abdominal withdrawal reflex and colon transportation test(P<0.05).The number of intestinal CD4+T cells and interleukin-17(IL-17)protein levels increased during PI-IBS,which was reversed by administration of the A2AR antagonist(P<0.05).CD4+T cells expressed A2AR and produced IL-17 in vitro,which was regulated by the A2AR agonist and antagonist.The A2AR antagonist increased the production of IL-17 by CD4+T cells via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcriptionreceptor-related orphan receptorγsignaling pathway.CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that the upregulation of A2AR increases PI-IBS by promoting the Th17 polarization of CD4+T cells.
文摘This research is focused on a highly effective and untapped feature called gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients(GFCC)for the detection of COVID-19 by using the nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm of deer hunting optimization and artificial neural network(DHO-ANN).The noisy crowdsourced cough datasets were collected from the public domain.This research work claimed that the GFCC yielded better results in terms of COVID-19 detection as compared to the widely used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient in noisy crowdsourced speech corpora.The proposed algorithm's performance for detecting COVID-19 disease is rigorously validated using statistical measures,F1 score,confusion matrix,specificity,and sensitivity parameters.Besides,it is found that the proposed algorithm using GFCC performs well in terms of detecting the COVID-19 disease from the noisy crowdsourced cough dataset,COUGHVID.Moreover,the proposed algorithm and undertaken feature parameters have improved the detection of COVID-19 by 5%compared to the existing methods.
基金Research Fund of China-Japan Friendship Hospital (No.2019-1-QN-22)。
文摘Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of chronic cough. Methods: Databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library from inception to February 2021 were electronically searched by two researchers, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic cough, UACS/PNDS, CVA, EB, AC, GERD and other types of cough. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze and summarize the collected literature, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the bias risk assessment scale of Cochrance Collaboration Network. Results: A total of 26 articles involving 2 820 patients, with 1 420 in the experimental group and 1 400 in the control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared to the control group which was treated with western medicine alone, TCM significantly improved the clinical effective rate [RR=1.20, 95% CI(1.16,1.25), P<0.000 01], alleviated cough syndrome score [SMD=-0.83, 95% CI(-1.21,-0.44)], and enhenced the score of quality of life [MD=-2.18, 95%CI(1.63,2.74), P<0.000 01];at the same time, the experimental group was better than the control group in improving lung function and reducing the time of cough relief. In terms of safety, a total of 24 patients in 5 literatures had adverse reactions, but the symptoms were mild and could be relieved quickly. In addition, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the control group and the experimental group, showing good safety. Conclusion: TCM treatment can significantly improve the cure rate of cough, reduce cough score, improve systemic symptoms, relieve psychological anxiety, improve lung function, and improve cough symptoms rapidly, with good safety.
文摘BACKGROUND Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection within the sensory nerve ganglion of the spinal or cranial nerves.Laryngeal herpes zoster is rare and involves superior laryngeal nerve,which leads to several complications such as throat pain,and cough.CASE SUMMARY Patient concerns:A 52-year old woman presented with a 70 d history of throat pain and a 67 d history of non-productive cough.Three days after onset of pain,she was diagnosed with laryngeal herpes zoster.Flexible nasolaryngoscopy revealed multiple white ulcerated lesions on the left hemi epiglottis and the left supraglottic area.She was prescribed with 750 mg famciclovir a day for 7 d,and 150 mg pregabalin,100 mg tramadol and 10 mg nortriptyline a day for 67 d.However,despite of these medications,she complained of pain and persistent cough.Therefore,superior laryngeal nerve block under ultrasound guidance was performed.Three days after the intervention,the throat pain and cough disappeared.The patient remained symptom-free at 3 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION A superior laryngeal nerve block can be an effective option for treatment of pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster.
基金Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.20222183,20221320)Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Technology Project(No.20222A010020)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism of regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by Qiaoqin Qingfei agent in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,montelukast sodium group(1.05 mg/kg)and high,medium and low dose groups(26,13,6.5 g/kg),with 8 rats in each group.The rat CVA model was established by the method of ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3)sensitization and repeated stimulation.From the second day of sensitization,the rat CVA model was given by gavage for 28 days.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under microscope by HE staining.The content changes of nerve growth factor(NGF)and substance P(SP)in alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA,and the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Pathological findings showed significant inflammatory manifestations in the model group,and the inflammatory infiltration in the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent and montelukast sodium groups were alleviated to varying degrees.Compared with blank group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue of model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue and the contents of NGF and SP in alveolar lavage fluid in high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups and montelukast sodium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qiaoqin Qingfei agent may reduce airway inflammation and relieve cough variant asthma by regulating the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in airway neurogenic inflammation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81960887)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (No.YCXJ2021119)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were divided into Control,CVA,Prednisone Acetate,Glycyrrhetinic Acid high-dose,Glycyrrhetinic Acid middle-dose and Glycyrrhetinic Acid lowdose groups randomly,with 8 mice in each group.The CVA mice model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and OVA challenge,the animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration,and the index of the lung of mice were recorded.The level of OVAsIgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was tested by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.The protein expressions of T-bet,IFN-γ,Gata3,IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with the CVA group,the index of lung of mice,the OVA-sIgE level in BALF and expression levels of Th2-related factor in the lung tissue of mice in Prednisone Acetate and Glycyrrhetinic Acid groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue was reduced,while expressions of Th1-related factor in the lung tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid has therapeutic effect on CVA mice,the underlying mechanism of Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviating lung impairment and airway inflammation may be associated with mediating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the lung tissue.