Postcolonialism in Morrison' s Works——exemplified with The Bluest Eye

As the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature,Toni Morrison is the most outstanding African-American woman author of the 20th century and the brightest star in contemporary African-American literary arena.Toni Morrison is a voluminous writer and she has published nine novels up to the present.Since 1980,her works have been getting more and more widespread attention from literary critics of the world since 1980s.The topic of postcolonialism has been the one of the focuses of Morrison' s novels.This paper is a literature review of Toni Morrison and postcolonialism in her works including the following points:a brief introduction to Morrison and her works,the research on Morrison,the post colonial theory and postcolonialism in Morrison' s works.

An Analysis of "the Other" and "the Other World" in Doris Lessing's The Grass Is Singing

The term "Other" is a key concept in the framework of postcolonialism.This paper attempts to analyze the native black people's role-"the Other" in the process of colonization.The British writer Doris Lessing finds the unltimate expression in her first novel The Grass Is Singing.With the settlement of the colonizers,the South Africa has been rendered by the white colonizers as "the Other World" and the native people are regarded as "the Other" who are degraded into unspeakable animals by white people.

Dreaming Forward: Postidentity and the Generative Thresholds of Tourism

This manuscript from Hollinshead and Vellah calls for researchers in Tourism Studies and related Fields to reflect upon their own role in refreshing the social imaginaries of“after-colonialism”under the nomadisms of our time.Deleuzian in outlook,it positions the“post”of postcolonialism not as an end to colonialism’s imperatives but as a generative-portal through which new-seeds-of-”becoming”are discernable as the postidentities(rather than the“identities”)of populations are interpretable in multidirectional,non-hierarchical,and not easily-predictable ways.In provoking(after Deleuze)thought per rhizomatic processes(rather than via fixed concepts),the manuscript-critiquing these dynamic matters of“postidentity”-then harnesses the insights of(Leela)Ghandi’s on hybrid-nomadic-subjects,and of Venn on alternative-(com)possible-futures.Thereafter,these concerns of and about“after-colonialism”are critically contextualised within Aboriginal“Australia”,via the views of a pool of Indigenous intellectuals there,who synthesise the disruptive dialectics of belonging-cum-aspiration which they maintain that they and fellow Aboriginal people(of many sorts)face today.Throughout this manuscript,the agency and authority of tourism hovers in its sometimes-manifest/sometimes-latent generative power to project empowering postidentities for the world’s“host”or“visited”populations today.

Posture and Strategy: Rethinking the Writing of Cultural Identity in Francophone Caribbean Literature from a Post-colonial Perspective

Since the 1980s,profound changes in the global political landscape have led to numerous diaspora groups in the French-speaking world.Many writers born in former colonies in the French Caribbean chose to immigrate to metropolitan France or Quebec.They formulated the concept of a cosmopolitan cultural identity that differs from the racist view of Négritude put forward by previous generations.This research explores their writing of cosmopolitan cultural identity from a post-colonial perspective by referring to the concept of voyage in proposed by Edward Said and that of post-colonial intelligentsia by Arif Dirlik.By taking Dany Laferrière and some other Caribbean writers of the-1980s generation as examples,we will reveal how their cosmopolitan ideology and identity strategies colluded with the French cultural hegemony and ensured their legitimacy in the Francophone space.

Interpretation of William Faulkner's Forest Triology in the Perspective of Postcolonial Ecocriticism

This paper aims to interpret Faulkner' s Forest Triology in the perspective of postcolonial eeoeritieisra and focuses on the relationship among the white settlers with nature,animals and the Indians,so as to deeply analyze the destruction of the ecology and of the American Indians life by the white settlers.The posteolonial ecoeritieal reading of the short stories help readers understand the dilemma that humans face in the process of modernization and industrialization.

Analysis on the Theme of The White Seal from the Postcolonial Perspective

Joseph Rudyard Kipling is the first English writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.The White Seal is ashort story of The Jungle Books,which is a popular book among children in the world.Recently,more and more researchers werestudying this famous writer according to his special life experience,and then,they found that in Kipling’s works,the idea of colo-nialism is obvious.This paper aims to analyze The White Seal from the Postcolonial perspective by the way of close reading.That is,to say that the white seal in the short story is a kind of symbol of west colonists,and the other seals in the short story are the sym-bols of the colonized,the process of the white seal searching the safe place for other seals is a symbol of the west colonists"moraliz-ing"and"helping"those colonized.By so,we can see that in this short story,Kipling is standing on the side of the westerns tospeak in defense of what westerns have done to the country of the third world.

The Analysis of Diaspora Women’s Identity in Interpreter of Maladies from the Perspective of Postcolonial Feminism

The famous Indian-American female writer Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies describes the diaspora’s emotional experiences in the heterogeneous space.For three diaspora women in the novel,different characteristics are manifested for their formation of the identities due to their different life experiences:Boori Ma is a“voiceless”other;Mrs.Sen is a brave identity reconstructor;and Twinkle becomes a representative of“hybrid”identity.Compared with the former,the latter’s identity establishment presents a more positive state,conveying Jhumpa Lahiri’s longing for diaspora women to build a positive cultural female identity,and her expectation of constructing a spiritual home of multi-cultural integration.

The Third Space of Northern Ireland: An Analysis of Seamus Heaney’s Bog Poems from Postcolonial Theory

In the decade after 1969,Heaney reached the climax of his poetry composition,in which he published four volumes of poetry,Door into the Dark,Wintering Out,North and Field Work to explore the nature and origin of the hatred and violence in Northern Ireland.The thesis focuses on five representative bog poems written in the period to explain according to Homi K.Bhabha’s postcolonial theory how the bog bodies configurate the hybrid space and how it reflects the Third Space of Northern Ireland.Furthermore,the thesis argues that from the construction of the Third Space,Heaney achieves temporary harmony between his artistic and realistic responsibility.

The Minor-Narrative of Transgression in The God of Small Things

The debut novel of Arundhati Roy offers bountiful insight into the real India through connecting dots of memory.Opposed to the mas-ter-narrative in British canonical literary works,a minor-narrative is adopted in this novel,casting realistic light on the postcolonial India.This paper probes into the minor-narrative of transgression in three aspects:language,philosophy and ethnicity.The use of in-digenous language such as Malayalam,the striking contrast between Christian God and the God of small things,and the love affair between different castes transgress the social norms,reflecting Arundhati Roy's wish for a more justified and equal society in India.

An Analysis on the Strengths and Weaknesses of Edward Said's theory of Orientalism

In Orientalism,the author Edward W.Said stated that the Orient is negatively defined and serves to support the West'ssuperiority and strength.Citing a number of discourses and texts in the book,he broke the boundary between knowledge and poli-tics,and further examined how the knowledge that the Western colonial powers shaped about the Orient assisted to make a de-praved picture of the colonies,to justify their colonial ambition and suppression.Nevertheless,although Said attempted to explainthe selection of the oriental area in his discussion,a vast area of the Far East,such as China and Japan is excluded.Furthermore,he regarded the Orient as a completely passive colony,and negated any resistance from the Orient.

The English in Emerson's Eyes——A Brief Analysis of English Traits

English Traits is written by Emerson when he finishes his two trips in England. In this book, from multiple perspectives,he analyzed the English characters based on what he saw and read. This essay aims to explore the real attitudes Emerson has to-ward the English in a postcolonial perspective to show that this not only the English but the American as well.

The Awakening of Self: A Postcolonial Study of Initiation Theme in Miguel Street

Miguel Street is a collection of linked short stories by the Nobel Laureate V.S.Naipaul.To interpret the initiation theme inMiguel Street,this paper uses Rui Yuping’s theory structure to analyze the three major parts of the growing progress of the narra tor“I”.This paper also uses postcolonial criticism to interpret the confusing situation which“I”was in and the narrative strategy in this novel.The conclusion is that the only solution for“I”and even the whole country is to escape from the confusing situation.

The Interpretation of Antoinette's Identity Crisis in Wide Sargasso Sea in Postcolonial Feminism

Jean Rhys' s works have been paid much attention to the women from the margin of the society and tried to explore wom-en's real identity. Wide Sargasso Sea is a typical example: it makes Antoinette's voice heard and rectifies her image. And Antoi-nette's tragedy caused by her multi-identities rises the thought-provoking theme about women in the Third World. Based on thetheory of postcolonial feminism, Antoinette's identity crisis under the power of patriarchy and colonialism will be discussed. Antoi-nette's failure of identifying herself demonstrates the plight of the Third World Women.

Conrad's Heart of Darkness in the View of Postcolonial Theory

As one of the most important and greatest novels of Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, has attracted extensive attention from literature fields in the world and has always been under critics since its publication. This paper,from the perspective of Edward Said's postcolonial theory—Orientalism,aims to analyze this classical work from the following three aspects: distorted description of the nature settings in Africa, distorted description of the image of the Africans as well as the white's blame on Africa for their degeneration.

苏吉萨拉迦与当代后殖民圣经批评及诠释话语建构

20世纪90年代中后期,后殖民主义理论开始影响圣经研究领域,形成后殖民主义圣经批评,斯里兰卡裔英国圣经学者R.S.苏吉萨拉迦(R.S.Sugirtharajah)首倡此种批评范式,引起了第三世界及欧美诸多少数族裔学者的关注和参与,促成了后殖民圣经批评这一新的圣经诠释话语领域的兴起和发展,他也因此被称为神学界的“后殖民主义之父”①,因而,梳理苏吉萨拉迦的后殖民圣经批评思想有助于廓清该领域的一些基本理论特征及发展态势.本文将简要回顾其学术贡献并对其在建构第三世界后殖民话语体系方面的努力进行一些解读和批评.

Is colonial heritage negative or not so much?Debating heritage discourses and selective interpretation of Kulangsu,China

Heritage is in essence dissonant,especially colonial heritage in postcolonial nations.Via questionnaire surveys and inter‑views,this study investigates Kulangsu in Xiamen,China,a colonial heritage site mainly developed in the 19th and 20th centuries,to unveil the local government’s authorised heritage discourse(AHD)of the site and how tourists perceive the colonial past of Kulangsu and construct their own heritage discourse(s).Results show that,when considering the colonial history of the site,neither the AHD promoted by the authorities nor the tourists’lay discourses are necessarily negative.However,tension implicitly arises between the tourists’demand for comprehensive heritage information and the authorities’selective interpretation of the site.Although the AHD afects lay discourses to some extent,most tourists expect the authorities to present more complete and neutral information about heritage so they can refect and forge their own conception of colonial legacies.From a critical heritage studies perspective,this tension refects the power imbalance between the authorities and the tourists and reminds the authorities and heritage experts to rethink heritage tourism and conservation in terms of heritage interpretation.This paper,therefore,calls for additional refection on the legitimacy of selective interpretation,which implicates a complex process of intricate reasoning that is underpinned by the power imbalance between the authorities and the tourists,ultimately resulting in an AHD.

Globalization,Race,and Citizenship in Anne Enright's The Green Road

This essay examines the disjunctive temporality of Irish globalization,arguing that past formations of Irish society inhere within,and complicate,the racialization of Irish subjects in the present.It uses Anne Enright's 2015 novel The Green Road to demonstrate the many ways in which racial difference is made to signify in an Ireland whose emergence as a global economic center during the Celtic Tiger has compelled a re-examination of the nationalist historiographic supports on which prior theories of racial difference were proffered,but which are in need of revision in the global moment.

The Postcolonial Appearance of Colonial Taiwan： Film and Memory

This preliminary consideration of genre and memory explores the appearance of colonial Taiwan in the work of Japanese and Taiwan filmmakers. Visuality and identification in cinema, the pragmatic and affective dimensions of memory, and the colonial and postcolonial viewing subject are discussed. Also noted in this essay are the apparatuses of recording and reproducing music and the human voice, ideologies, and time in Taiwan during the twentieth century. The examination of postcolonial and colonial documentaries and postcolonial fiction films suggests that colonial filmmakers often demonstrate a utopian outlook, while postcolonial cinema tends to adopt a dystopian, retrospective gaze These examinations, in turn, comprise a reflection, on multiple levels, of diegetic register and on the uniquely Taiwan Residents visual and aural aspects of these multi-lingual films. In summary, this article is an attempt to highlight the powerful and sometimes subversive uses of film in the propagation and circulation of a postcolonial Taiwan Residents identity which transcends national boundaries, and the polarizing, moribund research that they engender, so that scholars might better understand the postcolonial condition.

The Transformation of English in Postcolonial Literatures

The production of Anglophone texts by postcolonial writers has often raised the issue of translation.This article argues that the transformation of English in the postcolonial text may be seen as a form of‘inner translation’in which the text is both source and target.More importantly the postcolonial author produces a culturally signifi cant text by various strategies of appropriation and transformation that act as metonymic of the source culture.Such strategies produce what may be called the‘metonymic gap’,that cultural distance established within the text by the second language author.The article suggests that Gumbrecht’s term stimmung conveys that sense of the untranslatability of cultural difference that becomes installed in the text by the metonymic gap.It is through these strategies that the postcolonial author can convey a sense of cultural difference to a world anglophone audience,combining communicability with cultural distance.

基于情景化分析的鼓浪屿在城市演变过程中的空间融合特征

The urban evolution of Gulangyu,a historic international settlement in the city of Xiamen on China’s southeast coast,has long attracted the attention of scholars working in the field of Chinese urban history.Until recently,however,few efforts have been made to theorize the spatial formation of Gulangyu.Drawing upon existing research on the island’s development,particularly since the early 1840s,this study aims to offer a critical reading of the modern transformation of Gulangyu.By retracing the urban evolution of Gulangyu on the basis of historical maps and fieldtrip data,its spatial restructuring up to the early 1940s has been reviewed and analyzed.With GIS and CAD-based tools,conflated results are presented to explain the island’s spatial mixity.The results show that from military fortification to village settlements,through the competition between local inhabitants and earlier imperialists,and then the coopetition of foreign residents and returned overseas Chinese,the making of Gulangyu as a historic international settlement was hardly a Western-dominant process.Instead,it should provide an entry point for a contextualized critique of current research on similar urban space in China’s modern history.