Potential natural vegetation(PNV)is a valuable reference for ecosystem renovation and has garnered increasing attention worldwide.However,there is limited knowledge on the spatio-temporal distributions,transitional pr...Potential natural vegetation(PNV)is a valuable reference for ecosystem renovation and has garnered increasing attention worldwide.However,there is limited knowledge on the spatio-temporal distributions,transitional processes,and underlying mechanisms of global natural vegetation,particularly in the case of ongoing climate warming.In this study,we visualize the spatio-temporal pattern and inter-transition procedure of global PNV,analyse the shifting distances and directions of global PNV under the influence of climatic disturbance,and explore the mechanisms of global PNV in response to temperature and precipitation fluctuations.To achieve this,we utilize meteorological data,mainly temperature and precipitation,from six phases:the Last Inter-Glacial(LIG),the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM),the Mid Holocene(MH),the Present Day(PD),2030(20212040)and 2090(2081–2100),and employ a widely-accepted comprehensive and sequential classification sy–stem(CSCS)for global PNV classification.We find that the spatial patterns of five PNV groups(forest,shrubland,savanna,grassland and tundra)generally align with their respective ecotopes,although their distributions have shifted due to fluctuating temperature and precipitation.Notably,we observe an unexpected transition between tundra and savanna despite their geographical distance.The shifts in distance and direction of five PNV groups are mainly driven by temperature and precipitation,although there is heterogeneity among these shifts for each group.Indeed,the heterogeneity observed among different global PNV groups suggests that they may possess varying capacities to adjust to and withstand the impacts of changing climate.The spatio-temporal distributions,mutual transitions and shift tendencies of global PNV and its underlying mechanism in face of changing climate,as revealed in this study,can significantly contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating warming and promoting re-vegetation in degraded regions worldwide.展开更多
Background: In the contxt of ecosystem management, the present study aims to compare the natural and the present-day forested landscapes of a large territory in Quebec(Canada). Using contemporary and long-term fire cy...Background: In the contxt of ecosystem management, the present study aims to compare the natural and the present-day forested landscapes of a large territory in Quebec(Canada). Using contemporary and long-term fire cycles, each natural forst landscape is defined according to the variability of its structure and composition, and compared to the present-day landscape. This analysis was conducted to address the question of whether human activities have moved these ecosystems outside the range of natural landscape variability.Methods: The study encompassed a forested area of 175 000 km2 divided into 14 landscapes. Using a framework that integrates fire cycles, age structure and forest dynamics, we characterized the forest composition and age structures that resulted from three historical fire cycles(110,140, and 180 years) representative of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. The modeled natural landscapes were compared with present-day landscapes in regard to the proportion of old-growth forests(landscape level) and the proportion of late-successional forest stands(landscape level and potential vegetation type).Results: Four landscapes(39%) remain within their natural range of variability. In contrast, nine landscapes(54%)show a large gap between natural and present-day landscapes. These nine are located in the southern portion of the study area, and are mainly associated with Abies-Betula vegetation where human activities have contributed to a strong increase in the proportion of Populus tremuloides stands(early-successional stages) and a decrease of oldgrowth forest stands(more than 100 years old). A single landscape(7%), substantially changed from its potential natural state, is a candidate for adaptive-based management.Conclusion: Comparison of corresponding natural(reference conditions) and present-day landscapes showed that ten landscapes reflecting an important shift in forest composition and age structure could be considered beyond the range of their natural variability. The description of a landscape's natural variability at the scale of several millennia can be considered a moving benchmark that can be re-evaluated in the context of climate change.Focusing on regional landscape characteristics and long-term natural variability of vegetation and forest age structure represents a step forward in methodology for defining reference conditions and following shifts in landscape over time.展开更多
采用植被野外调查方法,结合黄河河道变迁及新旧黄河三角洲扩展过程,辨识了黄河三角洲不同地貌位置的植被类型,据此分析了黄河改道、三角洲扩展及人类土地利用活动对自然植被的影响;参考植被类型分布及遥感影像资料,评估并局部修订了黄...采用植被野外调查方法,结合黄河河道变迁及新旧黄河三角洲扩展过程,辨识了黄河三角洲不同地貌位置的植被类型,据此分析了黄河改道、三角洲扩展及人类土地利用活动对自然植被的影响;参考植被类型分布及遥感影像资料,评估并局部修订了黄河三角洲地区全球环境和可持续发展中心(center for sustainability and the global environment,SAGE)潜在植被数据.研究发现:1)黄河三角洲自然植被格局呈由内陆向海岸的“环扇状”分布,植被由内向外依次是落叶阔叶林、柽柳灌丛、芦苇和碱蓬草甸、荒漠;2)黄河改道对黄河三角洲自然植被的影响主要表现在新三角洲地区,新三角洲近黄河河道地区主要发育淡水植被景观,远离河道地区发育耐碱植被景观;3)人类土地利用活动对黄河三角洲自然植被影响存在沿海、内陆分异,内陆地区主要表现为人工植被代替自然植被,沿海地区主要表现为人工不透水面代替自然植被;4)SAGE潜在植被总体上反映了黄河三角洲植被空间分布格局,但部分地区与自然植被差异显著.修订后的潜在植被数据更好地体现了黄河三角洲植被类型分布差异和圈层演变特征,将为黄河三角洲人类-环境效应相关研究提供基础数据支持.展开更多
研究中东亚干旱区2001-2013年期间土地覆盖变化特征和人类活动对潜在自然植被的影响程度,对保护生态环境和合理利用土地资源具有重要意义。本研究首先基于气象数据和综合顺序分类法(comprehensive and sequential classification system...研究中东亚干旱区2001-2013年期间土地覆盖变化特征和人类活动对潜在自然植被的影响程度,对保护生态环境和合理利用土地资源具有重要意义。本研究首先基于气象数据和综合顺序分类法(comprehensive and sequential classification system,CSCS)模型模拟了中东亚干旱区的潜在自然植被分布状况,其次基于2001-2013年的MODIS土地覆盖数据集分析了土地覆盖变化情况,最后在前两者的基础上研究了潜在自然植被的人类占用强度及其变化特征。结果表明,1)潜在自然植被以林地、草地、冻原、荒漠四大类为主;2)中东亚干旱区土地覆盖变化较大,其中中亚灌丛面积波动增加,中国华北干旱区农田面积扩张明显,蒙古国中西部灌丛和草地覆盖面积明显减少;3)研究区人类占用强度增强。其中,2010-2013年增长较为明显,4年间人类占用面积占研究区面积的比例增长了1.45%。潜在草地人类占用比例在2009-2013年间增幅最大,为2.88%;潜在林地人类占用比例在2001-2005年间增幅最大,为6.99%。4)在北哈萨克斯坦三州(北哈萨克斯坦州、阿克莫拉州、库斯塔奈州),人口迁移是潜在自然植被人类占用强度变化的主要因素,2006-2013年间人类占用强度比例增长了11.38%;中国的呼伦贝尔和山西干旱区,农业开发是人类占用强度增大的主要因素,2001-2013年间人类占用强度比例分别增长了6.62%和17.64%。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.30960264,31160475 and 42071258)Open Research Fund of TPESER(grant No.TPESER202208)+2 种基金Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges,Chang’an University,China(grant No.300102353501)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(grant No.22JR5RA857)Higher Education Novel Foundation of Gansu Province,China(grant No.2021B-130)。
文摘Potential natural vegetation(PNV)is a valuable reference for ecosystem renovation and has garnered increasing attention worldwide.However,there is limited knowledge on the spatio-temporal distributions,transitional processes,and underlying mechanisms of global natural vegetation,particularly in the case of ongoing climate warming.In this study,we visualize the spatio-temporal pattern and inter-transition procedure of global PNV,analyse the shifting distances and directions of global PNV under the influence of climatic disturbance,and explore the mechanisms of global PNV in response to temperature and precipitation fluctuations.To achieve this,we utilize meteorological data,mainly temperature and precipitation,from six phases:the Last Inter-Glacial(LIG),the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM),the Mid Holocene(MH),the Present Day(PD),2030(20212040)and 2090(2081–2100),and employ a widely-accepted comprehensive and sequential classification sy–stem(CSCS)for global PNV classification.We find that the spatial patterns of five PNV groups(forest,shrubland,savanna,grassland and tundra)generally align with their respective ecotopes,although their distributions have shifted due to fluctuating temperature and precipitation.Notably,we observe an unexpected transition between tundra and savanna despite their geographical distance.The shifts in distance and direction of five PNV groups are mainly driven by temperature and precipitation,although there is heterogeneity among these shifts for each group.Indeed,the heterogeneity observed among different global PNV groups suggests that they may possess varying capacities to adjust to and withstand the impacts of changing climate.The spatio-temporal distributions,mutual transitions and shift tendencies of global PNV and its underlying mechanism in face of changing climate,as revealed in this study,can significantly contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating warming and promoting re-vegetation in degraded regions worldwide.
基金funded by the Ministère des Forêts,de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec(MFFP).The funds were used mainly for the salary of the authors working for the MFFP
文摘Background: In the contxt of ecosystem management, the present study aims to compare the natural and the present-day forested landscapes of a large territory in Quebec(Canada). Using contemporary and long-term fire cycles, each natural forst landscape is defined according to the variability of its structure and composition, and compared to the present-day landscape. This analysis was conducted to address the question of whether human activities have moved these ecosystems outside the range of natural landscape variability.Methods: The study encompassed a forested area of 175 000 km2 divided into 14 landscapes. Using a framework that integrates fire cycles, age structure and forest dynamics, we characterized the forest composition and age structures that resulted from three historical fire cycles(110,140, and 180 years) representative of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. The modeled natural landscapes were compared with present-day landscapes in regard to the proportion of old-growth forests(landscape level) and the proportion of late-successional forest stands(landscape level and potential vegetation type).Results: Four landscapes(39%) remain within their natural range of variability. In contrast, nine landscapes(54%)show a large gap between natural and present-day landscapes. These nine are located in the southern portion of the study area, and are mainly associated with Abies-Betula vegetation where human activities have contributed to a strong increase in the proportion of Populus tremuloides stands(early-successional stages) and a decrease of oldgrowth forest stands(more than 100 years old). A single landscape(7%), substantially changed from its potential natural state, is a candidate for adaptive-based management.Conclusion: Comparison of corresponding natural(reference conditions) and present-day landscapes showed that ten landscapes reflecting an important shift in forest composition and age structure could be considered beyond the range of their natural variability. The description of a landscape's natural variability at the scale of several millennia can be considered a moving benchmark that can be re-evaluated in the context of climate change.Focusing on regional landscape characteristics and long-term natural variability of vegetation and forest age structure represents a step forward in methodology for defining reference conditions and following shifts in landscape over time.
文摘采用植被野外调查方法,结合黄河河道变迁及新旧黄河三角洲扩展过程,辨识了黄河三角洲不同地貌位置的植被类型,据此分析了黄河改道、三角洲扩展及人类土地利用活动对自然植被的影响;参考植被类型分布及遥感影像资料,评估并局部修订了黄河三角洲地区全球环境和可持续发展中心(center for sustainability and the global environment,SAGE)潜在植被数据.研究发现:1)黄河三角洲自然植被格局呈由内陆向海岸的“环扇状”分布,植被由内向外依次是落叶阔叶林、柽柳灌丛、芦苇和碱蓬草甸、荒漠;2)黄河改道对黄河三角洲自然植被的影响主要表现在新三角洲地区,新三角洲近黄河河道地区主要发育淡水植被景观,远离河道地区发育耐碱植被景观;3)人类土地利用活动对黄河三角洲自然植被影响存在沿海、内陆分异,内陆地区主要表现为人工植被代替自然植被,沿海地区主要表现为人工不透水面代替自然植被;4)SAGE潜在植被总体上反映了黄河三角洲植被空间分布格局,但部分地区与自然植被差异显著.修订后的潜在植被数据更好地体现了黄河三角洲植被类型分布差异和圈层演变特征,将为黄河三角洲人类-环境效应相关研究提供基础数据支持.
文摘研究中东亚干旱区2001-2013年期间土地覆盖变化特征和人类活动对潜在自然植被的影响程度,对保护生态环境和合理利用土地资源具有重要意义。本研究首先基于气象数据和综合顺序分类法(comprehensive and sequential classification system,CSCS)模型模拟了中东亚干旱区的潜在自然植被分布状况,其次基于2001-2013年的MODIS土地覆盖数据集分析了土地覆盖变化情况,最后在前两者的基础上研究了潜在自然植被的人类占用强度及其变化特征。结果表明,1)潜在自然植被以林地、草地、冻原、荒漠四大类为主;2)中东亚干旱区土地覆盖变化较大,其中中亚灌丛面积波动增加,中国华北干旱区农田面积扩张明显,蒙古国中西部灌丛和草地覆盖面积明显减少;3)研究区人类占用强度增强。其中,2010-2013年增长较为明显,4年间人类占用面积占研究区面积的比例增长了1.45%。潜在草地人类占用比例在2009-2013年间增幅最大,为2.88%;潜在林地人类占用比例在2001-2005年间增幅最大,为6.99%。4)在北哈萨克斯坦三州(北哈萨克斯坦州、阿克莫拉州、库斯塔奈州),人口迁移是潜在自然植被人类占用强度变化的主要因素,2006-2013年间人类占用强度比例增长了11.38%;中国的呼伦贝尔和山西干旱区,农业开发是人类占用强度增大的主要因素,2001-2013年间人类占用强度比例分别增长了6.62%和17.64%。
