Preparation methods,biological activities,and potential applications of marine algae oligosaccharides:a review

Marine algae are valuable sources of health-promoting molecules that have been consumed by Asians for decades.Among aquatic flora,marine algae stand out in terms of high content of marine algae polysaccharides(MAP)such as carrageenan,alginate,fucoidan,laminaran,agarose,rhamnan,and ulvan.When hydrolyzed,MAP generate marine algae oligosaccharides(MAO),which have attracted interest in recent years due to their superior solubility compared with MAP.Besides,MAO have been demonstrated numerous biological activities including antioxidant,antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and prebiotic activities.Thus,this review summarizes the main chemical classes of MAO,their sources,and the main processes used for their production(i.e.,physical,chemical,and biological methods),coupled with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.Highlights of the biological activities of MAO and their potential applications in food,nutraceutical,and pharmaceuticals would also be discussed and summarized.

Laminarin and Laminarin Oligosaccharides Originating from Brown Algae:Preparation,Biological Activities,and Potential Applications

Brown algae is one of the three major types of marine algae and includes approximately 2000 species.It is widely dis-tributed in various seas around the world.Brown algae contain a plethora of active substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphe-nols,omega-3 fatty acids,and carotenoids.Laminarin,a type of storage carbohydrate found abundantly in brown algae,is mainly formed by glucose monomers linked byβ-1,3-glucosidic bonds and partialβ-1,6-glucosidic bonds.Laminarin and laminarin oligo-saccharides,which contain 2-10 saccharide units,have extensive biological activities,such as antitumor,antioxidant,anti-inflam-matory,and prebiotic properties.Moreover,both laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides can be considered as ideal substrates for bioethanol production because they are composed of abundant glucose residues.Therefore,brown algae-derived laminarin and lami-narin oligosaccharides have various potential applications in the food,medicine,cosmetics,and bioenergy fields.This paper reviews the preparation methods of laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides,as well as their biological activities and potential applications.

HSDPA Technology and Its Potential Applications

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) technology is a type of enhanced WCDMA technology based on R5 and employed with a 5 MHz spectrum. It can provide a maximum bit rate of 13.9 Mb/s thereby dramatically extending the transmission rate and spectrum efficiency of R99 version. Currently, it is the first choice of mobile operators for high bit rate mobile multimedia services. All the mobile technologies and their characteristics, which are employed by HSDPA system in WCDMA, are analyzed in the following. The possible applications of HSDPA are also discussed in this article.

Expression and potential application of histone deacetylase in prostate cancer

Objective To investigate the expression and activity of histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) in prostate cancer. Methods Pathological samples of 37 cases of PCa were collected. Mean age of patients was 73 ( 53 - 88) years, preoperative t-PSA was 81. 69 ( 3. 13 - 2000) ng /ml, Gleason score: 13 cases were ≤7,24 cases were 】 7.

A review of pharmacological activity and application potential in food of tea polyphenols

Tea polyphenols(TP)is a class of polyhydroxy compounds isolated from tea.Modern biological and medical studies have shown that TP has many pharmacological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and anti-radiation.Furthermore,these substances can be used as a potential drug component to positively guide the occurrence and development of certain diseases.Furthermore,because of the activities of TP,such as anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria,it can be applied in food preservation,color preservation,deodorization,and treatment of food processing by-products.Based on the research progress of TP in recent years,this paper summarizes the pharmacological activities of TP and expounds on its application potential in the field of food.In order to provide a theoretical reference for the research,development and utilization of TP.

An overview of separation by magnetically stabilized beds:State-of-the-art and potential applications

This article deals with problems relevant to implementation of magnetically stabilized beds （MSB） as separation devices. The main issues discussed are： bed mechanics, bed structure, possibilities to create controllable filter media, etc. As examples several separation techniques are discussed： dust filtration-magnetic and non-magnetic, ion-exchange, copper cementation, yeast filtration from biological liquids, particle separation by density and magnetic properties, dangerous wastes removal. Only key publications will be quoted that provide a basis for further reading and study and relevant information.

A novel forced motion apparatus with potential applications in structural engineering

This paper reviews the development of forced motion apparatuses(FMAs) and their applications in wind engineering. A kind of FMA has been developed to investigate nonlinear and nonstationary aerodynamic forces considering the coupled effects of multiple degrees of freedom(DOFs). This apparatus can make section models to vibrate in a prescribed displacement defined by a numerical signal in time domain, including stationary and nonstationary movements with time-variant amplitudes and frequencies and even stochastic displacements. A series of validation tests show that the apparatus can re-illustrate various motions with enough precision in 3 D coupled states of two linear displacements and one torsional displacement. To meet the requirement of aerodynamic modeling, the flutter derivatives of a box girder section are identified, verifying its accuracy and feasibility by comparing with previously reported results. By simulating the nonstationary vibration with time-variant amplitude, the phenomena of frequency multiplication and memory effects are examined. In addition to studying the aerodynamics of a bluff body under large amplitudes and nonstationary vibrations, some potential applications of the proposed FMA are discussed in vehicle-bridge-wind dynamic analysis, pile-soil interaction, and line-tower coupled vibration aerodynamics in structural engineering.

Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn-oxo and Co-based Compounds in Water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production

To address the issues of energy crisis and global warming, novel renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. A deeper understanding of photosynthesis is the key to provide a solid foundation to facilitate this transformation. To mimic the water oxidation of photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, Mn-oxo complexes and Co-phosphate catalytic material were discovered in solar energy storage. Building on these discoveries, recent advances in solar energy conversion showed a compelling working principle by combing the active Mn-oxo and Co-based catalysts in water splitting with semiconductor heteronanostructures for effective solar energy harnessing. In this review the appealing systems including Mn-oxo tetramer/Nafion, Mn-oxo dimer/TiO2, Mn-oxo oligomer/WO3, Co-Pi/Fe2O3, and Co-Pi/ZnO are summarized and discussed. These accomplishments offer a promising framework and have a profound impact in the field of solar fuel production.

Antigenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein and its potential application in the virus serodiagnosis

Dear Editor,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)is a newly identified viral pathogen of the genus Phlebovirus in the family Bunyaviridae(Sun et al.,2012).SFTSV was first identified from patient serum samples in China(Li et al.,2013;Ning et al.,2015).SFTSV can cause a severe hemorrhagic fever-like disease with a reported case fatality rate ranging from 2.5%

Microsatellite Development and Potential Application in Authentication, Conservation, and Genetic Improvement of Chinese Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plants are popular and widely used as a major source of herbal drugs and pharmaceutical compounds. Ever-growing demands make medicinal plants faced to several problems including efficacy and safety to meet business requirements, conservation, and artificially assisted breeding. As a powerful molecular tool, microsatellites offer the great potentials for various purposes in plants. This review provides a scenario of microsatellites in medicinal plants including development from genomic or expressed sequence tag libraries, cross-species transferability, genotyping, and potential applications. We emphasized on the authentication of medicinal plants by microsatellite markers.

Study on application potentiality of the first China's ocean satellite HY-1A

China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15, 2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997. First, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second, the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio ( CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third, the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A. The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the national rights and interests. Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.

Fast Measurement of Dielectric Conductivity for Space Application by Surface Potential Decay Method

Surface potential decay of polymers for electrical insulation can help to determine the dark conductivity for spacecraft charging analysis. Due to the existence of radiation-induced conductivity, it decays fast in the first few hours after irradiation and exponentially slowly for the remaining time. The measurement of dark conductivity with this method usually takes the slow part and needs a couple of days. Integrating the Fowler formula into the deep dielectric charging equations, we obtain a new expression for the fast decay part. The experimental data of different materials, dose rates and temperatures are fitted by the new expression. Both the dark conductivity and the radiation-induced conductivity are derived and compared with other methods. The result shows a good estimation of dark conductivity and radiation-induced conductivity in high-resistivity polymers, which enables a fast measurement of dielectric conductivity within about 600 rain after irradiation.

Artificial Neural Network Method Based on Expert Knowledge and Its Application to Quantitative Identification of Potential Seismic Sources

In this paper,an approach is developed to optimize the quality of the training samples in the conventional Artificial Neural Network(ANN)by incorporating expert knowledge in the means of constructing expert-rule samples from rules in an expert system,and through training by using these samples,an ANN based on expert-knowledge is further developed.The method is introduced into the field of quantitative identification of potential seismic sources on the basis of the rules in an expert system.Then it is applied to the quantitative identification of the potential seismic sources in Beijing and its adjacent area.The result indicates that the expert rule based on ANN method can well incorporate and represent the expert knowledge in the rules in an expert system,and the quality of the samples and the efficiency of training and the accuracy of the result are optimized.

Advancements in Humanoid Robots: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status, advancements, and future prospects of humanoid robots, highlighting their significance in driving the evolution of next-generation industries. By analyzing various research endeavors and key technologies, encompassing ontology structure,control and decision-making, and perception and interaction, a holistic overview of the current state of humanoid robot research is presented. Furthermore, emerging challenges in the field are identified, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper understanding of biological motion mechanisms, improved structural design,enhanced material applications, advanced drive and control methods, and efficient energy utilization. The integration of bionics, brain-inspired intelligence, mechanics, and control is underscored as a promising direction for the development of advanced humanoid robotic systems. This paper serves as an invaluable resource, offering insightful guidance to researchers in the field,while contributing to the ongoing evolution and potential of humanoid robots across diverse domains.

Effect and Prospect of Basic Geological Survey Based on Airborne Gravimetry in China

The airborne gravimetry was an important leap and innovation in the world＇s history of geophysical exploration. China＇s first test of the airborne gravity geological survey in the onshoreoffshore transitional area of the western and southern part of the Bohai Sea was successful and effective in geology. Based on the airborne gravity data, and combining previous ground gravity, seismic and drilling data etc., we carried out the geological interpretation by forward and inverse methods. The result shows that the airborne Bouguer gravity anomaly was clear, the fracture interpretation was reliable, and the inversion depth of the main geological interfaces was relatively accurate. This airborne gravity geological survey not only filled the exploring gaps in the onshore- offshore transitional area, and realized the geological and tectonic junction between the sea and the land, but also discovered four local gravity anomalies, 11 fractures and three sags or subsags, and so on. The good geological effect of airborne gravimetry not restricted by terrain condition shows that it can be served as a new geophysical method in the exploration of complex terrain physiognomy area such as mountain, jungle, desert, marsh, onshore-offshore transitional area and so on, and has an extensive application prospect in China in the future.

Research and Development of Cadmium Sulphoselenide Red Pigment

Cadmium sulphoselenide was synthesized continuous substitution solid solution and the only known pigment to yield bright red color on ceramic decoration. Encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide pigments could yield abundant hues from yellow to red with high opacity at high temperature. The color generation has a linear function relation with the substitution rate. The encapsulation formation process of zirconium silicate encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide was shown. Insuffi cient encapsulation effi ciency and potential hazard to human and environment had limited the industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment. Ink-jet printing decoration required fi ne size cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment on ceramic decoration. The review mainly focused on the synthesis techniques and industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment.

The Interesting of Antifungal Effects of Novel In Vitro Fabrics of Stabilized ZnO Nanofluids

According to the extent of fungal infections, to be chronic these such diseases and recently the emerging issue of increased antibiotic resistance in fungal infections, most of scientists are going to find a proper way to replace antibacterial agent by significant semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). They are well known to be one of the most important and special metal oxide nanoparticles in pharmaceutical against the most common fungi. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel, hydrothermal and functionalized surface methods and formulated in water solutions as nanofluids. XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy characterized their ZnO modified nanostructures. Also antimycotic potential according to generally tests such as: (MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration, (MFC) minimum fungicidal concentration and normally well diffusion method with standard strains fungi were performed. Among five common fungi strains using in this research, new various ZnO nanofluids showed noticeable results for dermatophyte fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Candida albicans and Candid tropicalis which had un growth zones in order 70, 40, 35, 30 and 30 mm in comparing with Clotrimazole reference reagent: 30, 25, 25, 18 and 20 mm by well method. The performance of MIC for ZnO nanofluids on fungi was determined to be equal to 0.35, 3.12, 6.25, 6.25 and 6.25 μgr/ml and MFC of nanoproducts showed the 1.5, 12.5, 25, 25 and 25 μgr/ml. Therefore, the designed ZnO nanofluids could reveal the most effect on fungi which cause dermal (ringworm), mucosal (thrush) and vaginal infections, so we are able to apply these surface high energetic ZnO water-based nanofluid formulations as in vitro nanomedicine and nanohygiene for the first time.

Proteases from the marine bacteria in the genus Pseudoalteromonas:diversity,characteristics,ecological roles,and application potentials

Bacterial strains of the genus Pseudoalteromonas,which includes 48 species,are widely distributed in various ocean environments.Many strains are often abundant and the highest protease producer among marine culturable protease-secreting bacteria,suggesting their important role in marine organic nitrogen degradation and cycling.The extracellular proteases of Pseudoalteromonas are diverse,including serine proteases,metalloproteases,and cystine proteases.Pseudoalteromonas proteases have unique properties,such as cold adaptation,salt tolerance,distinct substrate specificity,and catalytic mechanism.They play important ecological roles in marine organic nitrogen degradation and in the interactions of Pseudoalteromonas with other organisms.Some Pseudoalteromonas proteases have shown promising application potentials in bioactive peptide preparation and meat processing.In this review,advances in our knowledge of Pseudoalteromonas proteases are introduced,with a focus on diversity,characters,ecological significance,and application potentials.

Gut microbiota in parasite-transmitting gastropods

Background Gastropoda,the largest class within the phylum Mollusca,houses diverse gut microbiota,and some gastropods serve as intermediate hosts for parasites.Studies have revealed that gut bacteria in gastropods are associated with various biological aspects,such as growth,immunity and host-parasite interactions.Here,we summarize our current knowledge of gastropod gut microbiomes and highlight future research priorities and perspectives.Methods A literature search was undertaken using PubMed,Web of Science and CNKI for the articles on the gut microbiota of gastropods until December 31,2022.We retrieved a total of 166 articles and identified 73 eligible articles for inclusion in this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results Our analysis encompassed freshwater,seawater and land snails,with a specific focus on parasite-transmitting gastropods.We found that most studies on gastropod gut microbiota have primarily utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze microbial composition,rather than employing metagenomic,metatranscriptomic,or metabolomic approaches.This comprehensive review provided an overview of the parasites carried by snail species in the context of gut microbiota studies.We presented the gut microbial trends,a comprehensive summary of the diversity and composition,influencing factors,and potential functions of gastropod gut microbiota.Additionally,we discussed the potential applications,research gaps and future perspectives of gut microbiomes in parasite-transmitting gastropods.Furthermore,several strategies for enhancing our comprehension of gut microbiomes in snails were also discussed.Conclusions This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on the composition,potential function,influencing factors,potential applications,limitations,and challenges of gut microbiomes in gastropods,with a specific emphasis on parasite-transmitting gastropods.These findings provide important insights for future studies aiming to understand the potential role of gastropod gut microbiota in controlling snail populations and snail-borne diseases.