鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)生长特征

以调查统计的方法研究了矮嵩草草甸内鹅绒委陵菜无性生长特征 ,研究结果表明 :匍匐茎只有 1条的鹅绒委陵菜最多 ,占 5 2 .86 % ,匍匐茎有 4条的鹅绒委陵菜只占 4.2 9%。同一鹅绒委陵菜无性系中 ,随着匍匐茎数目的增多 ,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节间重变小。分株一般在第二级或第三级最高 ,末级较高 ;间隔子一般以第二、第三或第四级为最长 ,最末一级较长 ,第一级最短。随鹅绒委陵菜匍匐茎数目的增多 。

Leaf gas exchange and photosynthesis curves of Elymus nutans and Potentilla anserina under fencing and grazing conditions in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.are dominant species in the subalpine meadows of China.Grazing is one of the most important factors that influence community structure and productivity of subalpine meadows.Understanding how grazing changes photosynthetic capability is essential for preservation and restoration of grasslands.However,information about the effects of grazing on photosynthetic capability remains inadequate.Experiments were conducted in fencing and grazing areas in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.The leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic curves of P.anserina and E.nutans were measured at different growth stages.Results showed that grazing decreased the values of leaf gas exchange parameters,such as net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO2 concentration of P.anserina and E.nutans.In addition,grazing decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate-photosynthetically active radiation(PN-PAR)curve parameters,such as light-saturated net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,light compensation point,light saturation point,and dark respiration rate.Our results demonstrated that grazing was the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis of dominant grassland species in the study area.

Modified non-rectangular hyperbola equation with plant height for photosynthetic light-response curves of Potentilla anserina and Elymus nutans at various growth phases in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The non-rectangular hyperbola(NRH)equation is the most popular method that plots the photosynthetic light-response(PLR)curve and helps to identify plant photosynthetic capability.However,the PLR curve can't be plotted well by the NRH equation at different plant growth phases due to the variations of plant development.Recently,plant physiological parameters have been considered into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,but plant height(H),an important parameter in plant growth phases,is not taken into account.In this study,H was incorporated into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,which could be used to estimate photosynthetic capability of herbage at different growth phases.To explore photosynthetic capability of herbage,we selected the dominant herbage species Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China as the research materials.Totally,twenty-four PLR curves and H at different growth phases were measured during the growing season in 2016.Results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate and the initial slope of PLR curve linearly increased with H.The modified NRH equation,which is established by introducing H and an H-based adjustment factor into the NRH equation,described better the PLR curves of P.anserina and E.nutans than the original ones.The results may provide an effective method to estimate the net primary productivity of grasslands in the study area.

青海省野生资源植物——鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)的应用研究

鹅绒委陵菜是一种具有匍匐茎的野生多年生草本资源植物,其生态适应性广泛,生长速度快,须根发达,是青海省江河源头植被恢复及草坪业的首选材料;块根藏名为蕨麻,适口性好,且富含多种营养物质及药用成分,对其进行食品产业化和中草药开发具有广阔前景。

蕨麻多糖通过调控miR-421表达对LPS诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨蕨麻多糖(PAP)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的影响及其可能作用机制。方法:采用LPS诱导大鼠心肌细胞H9C2建立细胞损伤模型,用浓度为0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/ml蕨麻多糖处理细胞,anti-miR-NC、antimiR-421分别转染至心肌细胞后用LPS处理细胞,miR-NC、miR-421 mimics分别转染至心肌细胞后用蕨麻多糖与LPS共同处理细胞;ELISA法检测细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;qRT-PCR法检测miR-421的表达量。结果:蕨麻多糖呈浓度依赖性降低LPS诱导的心肌细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平(P<0.05),并可降低细胞凋亡率(P<0.05),还可降低miR-421的表达量(P<0.05);转染anti-miR-421后LPS诱导的心肌细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05);转染miR-421 mimics能够逆转蕨麻多糖对LPS诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的作用。结论:蕨麻多糖可通过抑制miR-421的表达抑制心肌细胞炎症反应及细胞凋亡,进而减轻LPS诱导的心肌细胞损伤。

Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons

The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death.

Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

藏药蕨麻的化学成分UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析

蕨麻不仅是藏区百姓的传统食品,还是藏医习用药材,本试验以西藏拉萨市蕨麻块根为原料,使用液质联用法对蕨麻进行活性成分快速定性研究。用80%甲醇进行提取,采用Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF高分辨质谱进行分析;色谱条件为Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%-甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~2 min,5%~10%B;2~10 min,10%~20%B;10~15 min,72%~100%B;15~71 min,2%~100%B;71~72 min,2%B),流速0.3 mL/min,进样量3μL;质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测范围m/z 50~1000,负离子模式采集。鉴定解谱得出27个化合物,其中含五对同分异构体,负模式下则鉴定黄酮类化合物21个、三萜类化合物6个。本研究为鉴别藏药蕨麻的化学成分提供一种准确快速的方法,为蕨麻在药品与食品领域的利用开发提供理论基础。

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells.In sum,PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells,which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.

蕨麻多糖的提取及对CCl_4急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察蕨麻多糖对CCl_4致急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法60只昆明种小鼠按随机数字表分为6组,分别为正常对照组、CCl_4模型对照组、联苯双酯组、蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg)。给药7 d后用0.1%的CCl_4灌胃,建立实验性急性肝损伤模型,观察体重、脾脏系数、肝脏系数及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性。结果蕨麻多糖能明显降低CCl_4肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性(P<0.05),且与剂量呈负相关。结论蕨麻多糖对小鼠CCl_4肝损伤有良好的保护作用。

蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的综述近年来蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究报道,为蕨麻资源的深入开发和利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献并进行分析和总结。结果蕨麻含有三萜类、黄酮类、酚类、多糖类等多种化学成分和营养物质,具有抗氧化、抗缺氧、保肝、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多种药理作用。结论蕨麻作为传统的药食两用类药材,在食品、药品、保健品方面具有广阔的应用前景,但目前开发的产品种类相对较少,还需要更深入的研究。

响应面法优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺研究

目的:优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺条件研究。方法:在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法评估液料比、提取时间、提取温度对总三萜提取得率的影响。结果:超声辅助提取最佳工艺参数为液料比20∶1 mL/g,提取时间63 min,提取温度60℃,蕨麻总三萜提取得率可达4.73%±0.01%。结论:响应面法优化提取工艺切实可行,操作简单,总三萜含量高,可为蕨麻进一步开发利用提供依据。

藏药蕨麻的本草考证

目的对藏药蕨麻进行本草考证,为藏药蕨麻的合理开发和利用提供理论依据。方法通过查阅、整理历代有关蕨麻的本草记载,对始载本草、名称及药用历史进行系统研究。结果众多本草古籍中均有关于蕨麻的药食记载,且本草专著记载蕨麻全草及块根均可入药,全草有收敛止血、补血益气、生津利痰的功效;块根具有生津止渴、健脾益胃、收敛止血、止咳、利痰、益气补血的功效,主治吐血、下血、疟疾、脾虚腹泻、下痢等症。但现行标准记载其药用部位为其干燥地下部分。结论近现代对蕨麻药用部位及药理作用的研究与古代存在差异,需要对蕨麻叶和全草的活性成分进一步深入研究,以便开发、利用蕨麻药用资源。

NaCl和Na_2SO_4对金露梅叶片胁迫效应

以不同浓度(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%)NaCl和Na2SO4溶液分别处理金露梅(Potentillafruticosa L.)2年生盆栽扦插苗,测定盐胁迫第7、13天后金露梅叶片的各项生理生化指标,为盐碱地区研究和开发具有耐盐性的野生花灌木提供参考依据。结果表明:在NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫下,随盐胁迫强度的增加和盐胁迫时间的延长,金露梅叶片的细胞膜透性,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量均呈增加的趋势;可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度的增加呈先增后降的趋势,随盐处理时间延长而有所下降。Na2SO4对金露梅的盐害超过NaCl的盐害。

莓叶委陵菜黄酮与三萜类成分提纯与HPLC条件的初步研究

在适宜的工艺条件下,即采70%乙醇,料液比为1:25,5次回流,水浴回流时间为2h,对莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla fra-garioides)中黄酮类、三萜类化合物进行了粗提取,经大孔树脂纯化,得到精制黄酮类、三萜类化合物溶液。然后探究其高效液相色谱分析的条件并在此条件下进行定性定量分析。结果表明:在流动相为乙腈和0.2%冰醋酸(体积比60:40),流量为1.0mL/min,检测波长为280nm的色谱条件下,样品溶液与标准溶液的峰均较好,且峰形对称,芦丁和熊果酸有不同的Rf值,说明两者在此条件下可以很好的分离。该方法测定简便,分离效果好,重复性好,灵敏度高。

不同干燥方式对青海蕨麻品质特性的影响

以5种不同干燥方式(热风干燥、热泵干燥、碳纤维远红外、碳纤维远红外联合热泵干燥及真空脉动干燥)后的青海蕨麻为研究对象,通过比较干燥时间、设备能耗,以及干制蕨麻的感官品质(色度、感官评分、复水比)、营养品质(维C、多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸)、食用品质(电子舌、质构特性),结合主成分综合评价方法确定最适宜的干燥方式。结果表明,热泵干燥和联合干燥技术的能耗低,热风干燥技术蕨麻感官评分最高为73.50分,真空脉动干燥的复水比最低为1.02,联合干燥技术蕨麻色泽最亮,热风干燥总氨基酸含量最高为9.05 g/100 g,联合干燥维C含量最高为9.42 g/100 g。各干燥技术蛋白质、多糖和味觉特征差异不明显,干燥蕨麻品质主成分综合评价结果为热风干燥技术最佳,可引进此技术干燥青海蕨麻。研究结果可为青海地区蕨麻引进干燥技术提供科学依据。

春季和秋季莓叶委陵菜叶片和地下部分芦丁及儿茶素含量的HPLC分析

Contents of rutin and catechin in leaves and under-ground part of Potentilla fragarioides L.in spring and autumn were determined by HPLC technology.The results show that in spring,rutin content in leaves and under-ground part of P.fragarioides is 1.670 3 and 0.054 4 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.263 5 and 0.723 5 mg·g-1,respectively.In autumn,rutin content is 0.586 9 and 0.010 7 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.784 3 and 0.366 4 mg·g-1,respectively.The rutin content in leaves is the highest in spring,and catechin content in leaves is the highest in autumn.Therefore,collecting leaves in spring is suitable for taking rutin as a purpose,while collecting leaves in autumn is suitable for taking catechin as a purpose.