ALPHA THERMOLUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY IN DATING OF POTTERY

This article describes the measurement of internal alpha dose-rate in pottery using ultrathin CaSO4: Tin thermoluminescence dosimeter. Among the advantages ofthe techllique are not only convenience, accuracy, lowcost, but also the beta dose--ratefrom pottery can be obtained at the same time.

Lead poisoning due to geophagia: The consumption of miniature pottery

Geophagia (the pica of pottery, clay, earth, or dirt) is practiced before and during pregnancy in several countries, including Mexico, Turkey, Australia, and some African countries, and has been linked with cultural fertility beliefs and the satisfaction of cravings. Unfortunately, consumption of contaminated pottery can represent a source of lead exposure. Concerns regarding ingested pottery are two-fold;first, that people consuming these pots might be exposed to high concentrations of lead, and, second, that ingestion of these pots by pregnant women could result in elevated in utero lead exposure for the fetus. Very few published articles exist on this topic. In an effort to investigate “pot eating”, this study aims to summarize published case studies on lead poisonings resulting from consumption of contaminated pottery. Additionally, several pottery items that are sold for the purpose of consumption were located and analyzed. This paper investigates the risk that “pot eating” poses by reviewing the literature, examining case studies, and analyzing the availability and lead concentration of edible pottery. Preliminary research indicates that although it is not common, “pot eating” can represent a high-risk lead exposure for pregnant women and their fetuses.

Quality of Irrigated Water with Nanometer Pottery Tray Treatment and Its Effects on Seed Soaking

To study the impacts of nanometer pottery trays （NPTs） on different rice varieties, three rice varieties, Zhongzheyou 1, Jinzao 47 and Xiushui 09, were treated with four NPTs （NPT-A, NPT-B, NPT-C and NPT-D） with different energies, respectively. The results showed that when the same rice variety was treated with different NPTs or different rice varieties were treated with the same NPT, the impacts on seed germination rate, seedling growth, plant height, panicle length and weight, the number of filled grains, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight varied between different rice variety-NPT interaction groups. In general, high energy NPT-C and NPT-D treatments obviously enhanced the functions of most examined rice characters. For example, NPT-C and NPT-D treatments improved the germination rate of all the three rice varieties, and promoted the root growth of seedlings, and increased seedling fresh weight, single panicle weight, filled grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. On the contrary, low energy NPT-A treatment restrained the seed germination rate in Jinzao 47 and Zhongzheyou 1, and decreased the seedling fresh weight in Zhongzheyou 1. NPT-B treatment restrained the seedling growth in Jinzao 47 but increased the panicle length of Zhongzheyou 1. NPT-A and NPT-C treatments obviously decreased the 1000-grain weight in Xiushui 09. Therefore, when treating crop seeds or plants using nanomaterials or nanotechnologies, different types of crops/varieties should select the nanomaterials or nanotechnologies with suitable energies to reduce the negative effects.

THICKNESS RESPONSE OF β DOSE-RATE IN TL DATING OF POTTERY FRAGMENTS

Generally, the walls of ceramic ware are thin and the sample to be used for TL dating has to be collected from 1￣2mm under the surface.This call introduce significant error into the dating method.Therefore,the results of a series of simulated experiments are reported on the build-up effect of the internal β dose response in different thicknesses of pottery fragments (involving tile and brick).Correction factors,corresponding to different thicknesses,and correction 'depths' are proposed in terms of the experimental findings which may be incorporatd into the dating methods.

THERMOLUMINESCENT AUTHENTICATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE POTTERY

A rapid and effective TL technique to authenticate ancient Chinese pottery is proposed in the paper. Twenty three samples, ranging in age from 200 to 9000 a,including multiple styles and shapes and drawn from diverse and remote areas in China have been used to establish the typical annual dose as 5.5mGy/a and its associated deviation. Ten unauthenticated samples are then appraised using the technique which,in nearly all cases, leads to satisfactory results.

Optical and fast nondestructive identification of the ages of leaded ancient pottery

In this paper,based on the one-dimensional（1D） optical superlattice model,we calculate the average reflectivities（ARs） of leaded ancient pottery（AP） made within the last 2000 years,and find that for incident light with a suitable wavelength,the AR of the leaded AP increases monotonously with the increase in the layer number of the silvery glaze（SG） media.Based on this property,we propose an optical nondestructive method for identifying the age of leaded AP by detecting the AR.By using the exhaust algorithm and the discriminant function of variance,we obtain the optimal wavelength range of the incident light to identify the ages of the leaded AP.It is found that in the visible light band,if we choose green light with a wavelength range of 540-540.1 nm as the incident light,leaded AP made within the last 2000 years can be identified swiftly and precisely by detecting the ARs.This will be useful for designing optical instruments for the fast nondestructive identification of the ages of leaded AP.

Study the Physical, Chemical, Mineralogical, and Geo-technical Properties of Soils Used in Pottery Industries, Kurdistan-lraq

The study area is located in Duhok and Sulaimania province in Kurdistan region, lraq. Study soils developed from parent material that has derived from limestone. Randomize, composed and disturbed surface soil samples were collected. The bulk soils were air dried, crushed and passed through 2 mm sieve. Standard methods were used for chemical, physical, geotechnical and mineralogical analyses of soil samples. The results indicated that the study soils texture were clay to loam clay, this texture was considered as suitable for ceramic and pottery industries as a result of increasing clay contents that ranged between 301 g/kg and 676 g/kg. Soil consistence depending on geotechnical properties increased the ability of study soils for resistance rapture and deformation. Existence the high amount of cementing agents in study soils such as organic matter, iron oxides and particularly total carbonate （247.2-308.8 g/kg） act to reduce the bad effect of the smectite minerals group （high shrinkage） in soils of study locations through increasing the resistance of these soils for rupture and deformation. The existing of Kaolinite, palygorskite and chlorite allows clay to be dried in ceramic and pottery industries without cracking from shrinkage. Study soils were different in their colors as a result of existence, different pigmentation materials that led to coloring soils with different colors in turn caused coloring of pottery and ceramic materials. Since, there are no available academic studies or researches about this subject in Kurdistan region in addition the clay pottery and ceramic sector still has a good market at the same time using this type of soils for arts, therefore, this study was conducted.

Impact of Letian Pottery Workshop for the Students of Fine Arts Department of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute

＂Jingdezhen is a very spiritual place, and a lot of people want to engage in pottery complacent here＂. It is no exaggeration to say that Pottery Workshop chooses Jingdezhen, which has long history of ceramics and profound culture, and the local development is promising. It is not only young artists and students to communicate with the creation of the stage, like a pottery family. Someone said that it was the ＂798＂ of Jingdezhen, not only because it is a gathering place for foreign potters, the bigger reason is that it is becoming a ceramic culture and a model of the market economy model. Here not only can give you a display space, more importantly, you can gain practical experience and recognition for their work.

Double-body pottery pot

The double-body pottery pot was unearthed in 1977 at the Karub ruins in Chamdo,Tibet,and has a history of more than 4,000 years.The shape of the vessel is made of two identical bag-shaped gallipots connected together,so it is named"double-body pot".According to the fibet Museum,the pot mouse has a diameter of 11.3cm,a bottom diameter of 8.4cm and a height of 19cm.Its texture is yellow pottery with sand.The mouth is horn shaped,straight neckt abdomen is con nected bag shaped double body,cervical shoulder has a pair of holes for tying rope.The surface of the pot is exquisitely decorated;with the use of carved lines and Cinnabar black painting decoration.The ware is full and beautiful in shape,ingenious in conception and skilled in craftsmanship,which represents the highest level of pottery production of Karub culture at that time and is known as the representative work of neolithic pottery in Tibet.

KOKO AND HIS POTTERY JARS

Andicrafts are much in vogue in the world today, and the pottery unique to Taba Uillage are famous for their unsophisticated style. If it is possible to find an appropriate pattern of products, such as pottery jars in ancient China or local potteries in Africa, trying to follow the trend of selling international traveling craftwork arts, maybe it will be an outlet of Taba Uillage.

Pottery lipid analysis at the Shangzhai site,Beijing,and its implication for subsistence strategy

As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin site.The Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains unclear.In this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and analysed.The results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of Beijing.In addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.

Scientific studies on pottery and pro-porcelain from group of graves in Henglingshan, Guangdong Province

The findings of the Henglingshan group of graves, Guangdong Province, were appraised as one of the ten major archaeological excavations in 2000. The pottery and proto-porcelain samples excavated from the group of graves in Henglingshan are very important for studying the development history of Guang-dong ceramics. In this paper, the chemical compositions, micro-structure and physical properties of the samples were systematically analyzed. The results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Different compositional patterns were found for specimens from different periods. The reasons for these variations were discussed. In addition, compared with the pottery and proto-porcelain samples from different production sites in other provinces of China, the obvious regional characters and unique law of the development for ancient ceramics of Guangdong were also discussed.

The black pottery coating of longshan times from Taosi Site

Taosi is an archaeological site in Xiangfen county, Shanxi province. It is considered as a capital city site with the rudiment of an early country in Longshan Times. In this work, the black pottery coating was found on the surface of black and grey pottery of Longshan times and confirmed by scientific studies for the first time. It filled in the blank of pottery coating study in this time period at the Yellow River Valley, as well as supplied a new study method of "black skin pottery" besides the carburization craft. In addition, according to the archaeological materials, we inferred that the wares with this pottery coating might be only used by the nobility at that time.

Study and progress of the thermoluminescence dating of the ancient pottery and porcelain

Two standard methods,the "fine-grain technique" and the "quartz inclusion technique",and a new method,the pre-dose saturation exponential technique in thermoluminescence(TL)dating of ancient pottery and porcelain were reviewed,especially for the measurement of the paleodose and the annual dose.The two standard methods have been acknowledged in domain of TL dating and are used widely for age determination in archaeology and geology.As a dating tool the TL technique has been of great success in authentication of ancient ceramic art objects.However,a few complicated factors limit the precision and accuracy in age determination.These complicated factors are analyzed and discussed.Therefore,although ceramic TL dating can in general solve the problem of authentication of ancient ceramics,there are still complexities that require further research and study.