Scientific Development of Power Sector Led by Plan EIA in a New Environmental Protection Situation

Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.

Risk Allocation and Mitigation in Nigeria’s Privatisation Programme—A Case Study of Electric Power Sector Privatisation

Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always been a tendency to dump all the project risks on the private sector partner without properly evaluating whether it was capable of managing them. Extant literature has shown that where the comparative advantages of parties to handle risks are not properly taken into consideration, the allocation of risk is unbalanced and the tendency for the project to run into difficulties and/or fail increases. This paper looks at the electric power sector privatisation, distilling how key project risks were handled under the exercise. This should be a good pointer as to whether the privatisation exercise would be a success in the long run.

Are Environmental Vanguard Firms More Proactive Towards Environmental Conservation?An Empirical Study of Power Sector Firms in India

Environmental protection is a crucial issue for environmentalists and researchers.Almost every stakeholder in the industrial production process of a product is concerned about the detrimental effects on the environment due to emissions.Though environmental regulations are in place,some firms across diverse industrial sectors are considered as the environmental vanguard,i.e.,leaders in environmental protection.Does being environmental vanguard result in environmental proactivity?This paper,through an empirical study of Indian power sector firms,studies the environmental proactivity of the firms who are known to be leaders in the adoption of environmental protection norms.A questionnaire-based survey method is used to analyse the responses statistically.The study uses 280 responses for the analysis of the data.Eight hypotheses are proposed and tested statistically through Structural Equation Modelling(SEM).The statistical analysis reveals that the firms who are environmental vanguard are more proactive towards environmental protection.The findings of the study can be useful for the policymakers and environmental managers in the formulation of policies which can be considered as a benchmark for the firms for the protection of the environment.

Channels and Legal Framework for Power Sector Financing in China

Since early 1980s, in particular during the period of "7th and 8th Five-year Plan"(1986- 1995), China’s power sector has adopted successfully the policy of multichannel and diversified financing to raise funds as well as encouraging to introduce foreign funds for its development and has got tremendous achievements. This paper describes the channels and methods to raise funds from both domestic and international market to meet huge demand of funds amounting to 690 billion yuan RMBfor the sector development during "gth Fiveyear Plan" period (1996-2000) in the wake of overall reform and achievements in the past decade. This paper also presents the legal framework supporting to suit for the methods and channels of the financing. Some suggestions have been made.

Power Market Development with Considerations of Characteristics of China Power Sector

The current world trend of electric power industry reform is to establish electric power market and introduce competition mechanism. China is no exception. This paper reviewed the recent industry reform of China’s electric power sector and elaborated the necessity of establishing electric power markets first. Then it discussed the electric power market models in China. Certain important problems and observations relevant to the electric power market design were further pointed out, based on the practice experiences in Sichuan Province.

Method for Calculating CO＿2 Emissions from the Power Sector at the Provincial Level in China

Based on the detailed origins of each province's electricity consumption, a new method for calculating CO2 emissions from the power sector at the provincial level in China is proposed. With this so-called consumer responsibility method, the emissions embodied in imported electricity are calculated with source-specific emission factors. Using the new method,we estimate CO2 emissions in 2005 and 2010. Compared with those derived from the producer responsibility method,the power exporters' emissions decreased sharply. The emissions from the power sector in Inner Mongolia, the largest power exporter of China, decreased by 109 Mt in 2010. The value is equivalent to those from Shaanxi's power production and Canada's power and heat production. In contrast, the importers' emissions increased substantially. The emissions from the power sector in Hebei, the largest power importer of China, increased by 74 Mt. Emissions of Beijing, increased by 60 Mt(320%), in 2010. Thus, we suggest that the Chinese government should take the emissions, as calculated from the consumption perspective, into account when formulating and assessing local CO2 emission reduction targets.

Effect of Energy Market Globalization over Power Sector of GCC Region: A Short Review

Globalization of energy market in GCC countries is deepening not only through free-flowing international trade but also through foreign investment, market-driven domestic economies and industrialization. GCC nations are transforming their energy industry and market around the world which is promising their economic efficiency and technology development. Nevertheless, this open energy market across the world has raised a question about energy security and power demand. This energy market globalization has pushed the GCC Nations to pay attention to the control of supply and demand of power. Interconnection of power network between the GCC Region is optimistic pace to secure the future anticipated power fallouts. And also installation of Renewable Energy projects will support GCC to accommodate their increasing power demand. This paper discusses about how the energy market globalization has effect the power supply and demand of GCC nations, their concerns and recent progress towards its resolution.

Assessment of the carbon emissions reduction potential in Thailand’s power sector with high penetration of variable renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in the year 2030

The power sector has substantial carbon emissions reduction potential that could achieve the new nationally determined contribution target in 2030 by increasing low-carbon technologies,e.g.variable renewable energy sources and electric vehicles(EVs).Therefore,two approaches were suggested in this work.In the first approach,Thailand’s power sector was modelled by using PLEXOS software to find the impact of the high penetration of variable renewable energy(RE)and EV charging load for the projected year 2030.The second approach proposed a demand-response and energy storage system solution with carbon pricing in the model to assess the targets.As a result,the electricity demand from charging EVs will cause a new peak demand at night,while the high variable RE penetration will cause curtailment in the power system due to excess supply at noon.Therefore,Thailand’s power sector has the potential for carbon emissions reduction by 45%with clean energy technologies,which could increase to 68%with carbon pricing,easily achievable by the nationally determined contribution target in 2030.However,these benefits could only be derived if various entities involved in the energy regulatory,transport and power sectors coordinate to implement the required technological and financial policies.

Mitigating Carbon Emissions:A Comprehensive Analysis of Transitioning to Hydrogen-Powered Plants in Japan’s Energy Landscape Post-Fukushima

One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and natural gas to fill the energy gap.However,this led to a significant increase in carbon emissions,hindering the efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.In the current situation,Japan is actively working to balance its energy requirements with environmental considerations,including the utilization of hydrogen fuel.Therefore,this paper aims to explore the feasibility and implications of using hydrogen power plants as a means to reduce emissions,and this analysis will be conducted using the energy modeling of the MARKAL-TIMES Japan framework.The hydrogen scenario(HS)is assumed with the extensive integration of hydrogen into the power generation sector,supported by a hydrogen import scheme.Additionally,this scenario will be compared with the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario.The results showed that the generation capacities of the BAU and HS scenarios have significantly different primary energy supplies.The BAU scenario is highly dependent on fossil fuels,while the HS scenario integrates hydrogen contribution along with an increase in renewable energy,reaching a peak contribution of 2,160 PJ in 2050.In the HS scenario,the target of reducing CO2 emissions by 80%is achieved through significant hydrogen penetration.By 2050,the total CO2 emissions are estimated to be 939 million tons for the BAU scenario and 261 million tons for the Hydrogen scenario.In addition,the contribution of hydrogen to electricity generation is expected to be 153 TWh,smaller than PV and wind power.

Joint Centralized Power Control and Cell Sectoring for Interference Management in CDMA Cellular Systems in a 2D Urban Environment

The interference reduction capability of cell sectoring and power control algorithms have been considered separately as means to decrease the interference in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) cellular systems. In this paper, we present Switched-Beam (SB) and Rotatable Equal Sectoring (RES) techniques for CDMA cellular systems in a 2D urban environment. In the SB technique by using a number of fixed, independent, or directional antennas we increase the downlink capacity of the CDMA systems. Also in the RES method, the equal sectors of the base stations are rotating together to decrease the inter-cell and intra-cell interferences. Also in this paper we use centralized power control to overcome the near-far problem. Simulation results indicate that the proposed techniques considerably increase the capacity of the CDMA cellular systems compared to ordinary Equal Sectoring (ES) method.

Power-Effective in the Cell Sectorization Using Wide-Beam and Narrow-Beam for Multi-hop Relay Network

Multi-hop relay is a significant topic in the wireless communication and it is provisioned in the 802.16j standards.At present,the major research on multi-hop relay is focused on the capacity,coverage,coordination,throughput,etc.But in this paper,a new concept about power-effective was discussed.Then,two power-effective coverage extension methods using two sectorized cellular approaches were introduced,i.e.,the widebeam three sector cell(WBTC) and the narrow-beam three sector cell(NBTC).Under such topologies,the consumption of power and optimal numbers of base stations(BSs) and relay stations(RSs) with respect to various user traffic densities were investigated.Finally,it is found that the performance of WBTC is better than NBTC.

城市电力行业碳排放测算方法及减碳路径

为测算城市电力行业碳排放水平和降低电力行业碳排放,提出一种城市电力行业碳排放测算方法和减碳路径.首先,基于城市本地电源发电和净调入电力数据建立城市电力行业碳排放测算模型;其次,从发电侧、电网侧、负荷侧和储能侧提出城市电力行业减碳措施;然后,建立减碳措施的效果评估模型;最后,以珠三角典型城市F市为例,利用所提碳排放测算模型测算该市电力行业碳排放,并依据减碳措施评估该市2030年碳达峰情景电力行业减碳效果.结果表明:所提模型能准确测算城市电力行业碳排放;通过减碳措施,F市在2030年至少可减少碳排放1.06×107t.

国产化BIM引擎在发电领域的渲染优化研究

国产BIM引擎BIMBase在建筑和工程领域已得到广泛应用,但在处理发电厂大体量模型时,性能和效率有所降低。针对这一问题,本文提出了一系列优化方案,以提高BIMBase在处理发电厂大体量模型时的性能和效率,从而满足发电领域的需求。首先,本文调研和分析了BIMBase引擎的工作原理和结构,研究了在渲染大规模数据时面临的挑战和问题;其次,基于已有的研究成果,本文提出了量化优化指标、优化渲染算法等方法;最后,本文在实验中对优化方案进行验证和评估。结果表明,这些方法能够显著提高BIMBase引擎在渲染大规模数据时的性能和效率。本文提供了一套对BIM引擎在发电领域应用上的优化方法论和优化方案,可为其他BIM图形引擎优化提供一些参考和借鉴。此外,本文还对这些优化方案的效果进行了分析和讨论,以提供一些实践指导和参考。

GA 1800.1-2021《电力系统治安反恐防范要求第1部分:电网企业》在电力调度机构的应用与实践

公共安全行业标准GA 1800.1—2021《电力系统治安反恐防范要求第1部分:电网企业》于2021年8月1日起实施。本文介绍内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司某电力调度机构原有的安全防范工程及系统,对照标准的防范要求和安全防范系统技术要求,评估出存在的差距,阐述安全防范系统技术改造达标的实践过程,总结电网企业关于安全防范系统的工作重点。为电网公司电力调度机构治安反恐防范的完善达标提供做法和经验。

基于加速度趋势调节的风电机组扇区工况控制研究

扇区管理技术可以确保风电机组安全稳定运行,但是传统风电扇区管理技术无法对风电机组进行精确控制,甚至会频繁导致机组停机,造成极大损失。为解决以上问题,本文提出了一种基于加速度趋势调节风电机组扇区工况的控制方法,该方法可以使风力发电机组进入扇区工况后在保障安全的情况下实现对机组的运行状态精确控制,能够有效提升风能利用效率,避免某些风况较差机位的发电机组频繁触发扇区管理停机造成的发电损失,可适用于各类风力发电机组处于扇区工况下的运行状态优化,并以五凌电力公司山西事业部风电运行数据为例分析了所提方法的有效性,为其他风力发电机组提供了参考应用。

A Novel Hybrid Approach to Estimate Customer Interruption Costs for Industry Sectors

The power system infrastructure, operations and market have gone through radical changes for the last couple of decades. The society has become more dependent to the continuous electric power supply and hence the concept of electric power reliability has become more significant. At this point, understanding the economic outcomes of power outages is vital and imperative for both utilities and the customers. There are certain methodologies to understand the costs of power interruptions. This paper suggests a novel hybrid method that comprises of customer surveys and direct analytical methods to reach customer specific, objective and reliable results for the industry sector customers. The paper also brings a statistical approach to censor the zero and extreme responses given via the surveys.

城市碳中和措施的边际减排成本分析--以北京市为例

城市是碳中和的主阵地,随着“双碳”目标的提出,将鼓励更多的减排技术和政策在城市低碳转型中发挥作用.基于此,本研究运用边际减排成本方法,以北京市为例,结合北京市低碳政策推广情况,对具体减排技术的减排潜力和减排成本进行分析,绘制了具有35项减排措施的北京市边际减排成本曲线,识别出有较高经济性的优先减排措施,为北京市实现碳中和目标提供技术措施优先级排序和实施路径建议.研究表明:1)筛选出的电力部门、交通部门、建筑部门减排技术的减排潜力分别为14.96亿、7.66亿、2.55亿t.平均碳边际减排成本为485.12元·t^(−1),电力部门、交通部门、建筑部门的平均减排成本为154.56、417.56、688.28元·t^(−1);北京市应大力推广电力减排措施,保证北京市碳排放进入快速下降通道;2)在35项减排措施中,11项的减排措施的边际减排成本为负,成本有效的CO_(2)减排潜力为39967万t,占39.15%;减排初期应大力推广电动出租车、电动公交车和电动轻型货车、照明节能等负成本措施;3)高边际减排成本措施的减排潜力较大,但不具有成本优势,实施难度大,为促进此类减排技术的扩散,政府可以采取一定程度的补贴或激励政策确保减排投资收益的稳定性,降低减排投资风险.

Anticipated Actions to Reduce Energy Shortages in the Residential Sector

This study investigates the electric energy shortages impact upon the residential sector in Riyadh city, the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) resulting from severe power outages. The results reveal the extent of hardship and high costs the residential will suffer and endure. These outages occur and extend for longer durations. To mitigate these consequences, a method is suggested known as “willingness-to-pay” to seek the ability and willingness of consumers to pay to avert these power outages and energy shortages. Two approaches have been developed and utilized. The first one is based on a consumer survey to estimate his perceived costs. Outages occur in specific periods and last for longer durations. The second approach focussed on developing a mathematical model to complement the survey approach as this model can decrease the size of the problem complexity associated with consumer lack of experience in evaluating and assessing the worth of service reliability and quality.