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A Practical Study on Value-Added Assessment in Primary English Education
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作者 Jierong Qin Fan Zhang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2022年第6期55-60,共6页
As a programmatic document to guide the reform of educational assessment,the“General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Educational Assessment in the New Era”clearly points out the requirement for exploring value-adde... As a programmatic document to guide the reform of educational assessment,the“General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Educational Assessment in the New Era”clearly points out the requirement for exploring value-added assessment[1].In the process of exploring,Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System(TVAAS),which was implemented in Tennessee,United States in 1992,has a certain referential significance to the practice of assessment reform in primary English education[2].This study aims to build a value-added assessment model in line with China’s learning conditions by using big data and carry out pilot experiments in order to promote the development of educational assessment in primary schools. 展开更多
关键词 Value-added assessment Primary English education practical study
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Scientific and Practical Bio-analysis Method is Basic for TCM Pharmacokinetic Study
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作者 Chang-xiao Liu 《Chinese Herbal Medicines》 CAS 2014年第3期171-171,共1页
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an ancient history and unique system, including theory, methodology, prescription, formulation and medicines. There are differences between TCM and chemical drugs. For TCM, the... Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an ancient history and unique system, including theory, methodology, prescription, formulation and medicines. There are differences between TCM and chemical drugs. For TCM, the multiple components in vivo are possibly to be detected; the number of components is relatively restricted; they could represent the therapeutic effect of the parent recipe; the concentrations and pharmacokinetics (PK) could affected by the combination of traditional medicines in recipe; the effects of new bioactive compounds (metabolites) related with those of their recipe; and the PK can be affected by body state in TCM treatment significantly. Therefore, the difficulty and challenge are far greater in PK study of TCMs than the chemical drugs. 展开更多
关键词 TCM Scientific and practical Bio-analysis Method is Basic for TCM Pharmacokinetic study ESI
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Mineral and bone disorder and management in the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study 被引量:18
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作者 Jun Wang Brian A.Bieber +2 位作者 Fan-Fan Hou Friedrich K.Port Shuchi Anand 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第23期2775-2782,共8页
Background:Despite a growing population of patients starting hemodialysis in China,little is known about markers of mineral bone disease(MBD)and their management.We present data on prevalence and correlates of hypocal... Background:Despite a growing population of patients starting hemodialysis in China,little is known about markers of mineral bone disease(MBD)and their management.We present data on prevalence and correlates of hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,and secondary hyperparathyroidism from the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study(DOPPS),with evaluation of whether these laboratory markers triggered changes in management.Methods:We compared the frequency of measurement and prevalence of poor control of MBD markers in China DOPPS with other DOPPS regions.We also used generalized estimating equations to assess correlates of MBD markers,and separate models to assess predictors of vitamin D and phosphate binder prescriptions in the China DOPPS.Results:Severe hyperphosphatemia(>7 mg/dL)and secondary hyperparathyroidism(>600 pg/mL)were common(27%and 21%prevalence,respectively);both were measured infrequently(14.9%and 3.2%of patients received monthly measurements in China).Frequency of dialysis sessions was positively associated with hyperphosphatemia;presence of residual kidney function was negatively associated with both hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.Laboratory measures indicating poor control of MBD were not associated with subsequent prescription of active vitamin D or phosphate binder.Conclusions:There are substantial opportunities for improvement and standardization of MBD management in China.Development of country-specific guidelines may yield realistic targets and standardization of medication use accounting for availability and cost. 展开更多
关键词 Mineral bone disease HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA HYPERPARATHYROIDISM China HEMODIALYSIS Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns study
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The Formation and Development of the Concept of "Retaining Chinese Studies as the Basis While Making Use of Western Practical Knowledge" During the 19thCentury Reform (Yangwu) Movement
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作者 丁伟志 《Social Sciences in China》 1995年第2期98-109,223,共13页
关键词 The Formation and Development of the Concept of Yangwu MOVEMENT Retaining Chinese Studies as the Basis While Making Use of Western practical Knowledge During the 19thCentury Reform
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