Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

Discussion on the Graduation Practical Ability Assessment Model for Master of Nursing Specialist Students

Objective: To explore graduation practical ability assessment mode of graduate students in nursing (Master of Nursing Specialist, MNS). Methods: All 28 MNS 2020th graduate students in a university were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method, using the improved 4-station objective structured examination (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) model. The assessment content included nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, basic nursing operation, specialist nursing operation, theoretical written test and oral test and overall evaluation. And self-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of the assessment model and the improvement of clinical practice ability of graduate students. Results: The overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment was 89.51%, the overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment mode and practical ability improvement evaluation was 84.66%, the pass rate of assessment results was 100%, and the excellent rate was 71.42%. Conclusion: The MNS graduation practical ability assessment model has a high degree of satisfaction, objectively evaluates the knowledge, skills, attitudes and emotions of graduate students, promotes the comprehensive quality and ability of graduate students, which is worthy of promotion.

Assessment of Drugs’ Donation Practices in Sudan

The quality requirements of drug donation are different from those of other donated items. Purpose: To describe and assess key aspects of pharmaceutical donations in Sudan, the kinds of benefits and drawbacks associated with drug donations, and the government controlling role in the donation process. Methods: Retrospective and prospective studies were conducted in the period from April 2007 to Mar 2008 in the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and some working NGOs’ data bases. Some quality aspects of donated drugs were explored. Six randomly selected nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) were examined for the relevance and some aspects of quality of donated drugs such as whether the donated drugs were listed in the National Essential Drug List, or labeled in International Nonproprietary Names, their dosage forms, the language on the package and if the donated drugs were sampled or returned ones. Results: The study showed that most of the donated drugs were relevant to NEDL normative standards. The median times from the date of arrival to the date of expiration were more than 400 days. The time prior to expiration range between 44.8% and 47.5% were found less than one year in arrival. The top ten therapies were accounted for about 40 shipped items. The study was revealed that Sudan did not develop its own guidelines for drug donations and NGOs are making no effort to develop written donation policies. Conclusion: development of national guidelines for drug donations is essential to control the donated drugs in Sudan.

Practice and Thinking of Plan Environmental Impact Assessment of Power Transmission and Transformation Grid in Nanjing

At present,the plan environmental impact assessment of power transmission and transformation grid is relatively mature. How to further improve the quality of plan environmental impact assessment of power grid during the "14^(th) Five-Year Plan" period is very important. In this paper,the plan environmental impact assessment of power grid in the Development Plan for Power Grid in Nanjing during the "13^(th) Five-Year Plan" Period is studied to further discuss the ideas,evaluation system and content framework of plan environmental impact assessment of power grid.

Assessment of strategic management practice of malaria control in the dangme west district, GhanaArticle submitted to the west african college of nursing for the award of a fellow

Strategic management (SM) practice was as-sessed in all HCFs both in the public and private and some chemical shops within the Dangme West district using semi-structured question-naires. In-depth interviews were carried out with healthcare managers in their clinical setting. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods in describing the SM practice. Healthcare managers were using all the elements of SM in the management of malaria but these were not holistically coordinated. Present were short ranged informal planning based on the objectives of NMCP and day-to-day operation of the HCFs especially with Ghana Health Service facilities. Due to homogenous nature of Dangme West district, management of culture wasn’t given much attention by healthcare managers though healthcare providers were acutely aware of its importance to quality service delivery. Competition was woefully absent in the healthcare environment. No formal structure has been created for the management of malaria control activities with the exception of the involvement of Community Based agents. The district was widely implementing all the strategies of the NMCP with favourable outcomes.

Examining teachers' perceptions and practice of formative assessment in Chinese ESL classrooms

自2001年课程改革以来,中小学英语课堂形成性评价受到了教育管理者、研究者和实践者的广泛支持,但对于教师是如何理解和实施形成性评价的这一问题,还需要研究。本研究通过问卷调查方式探究中学英语教师对形成性评价的认识及其实施现状:(1)从六个维度(评价主体、评价构念、评价工具、评价时间、反馈、终结性评价与形成性评价之间的关系)了解教师对形成性评价的认识;(2)从五个方面(学习目标、反馈、终结性评价的形成性使用、不同学习阶段的形成性评价、自我和同伴评价)揭示教师形成性评价的实践特征。基于这些特征,本文为形成性评价教师培训提出了建议。

Assessment of Child Labour Practices among Market Women and Food Sellers in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State,Nigeria

The study examined the forms of child labour practices common among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government area of Osun State.It also determined the awareness level of market women and food sellers on the existing child labour law in Nigeria and finally examined factors contributing to child labour practices among market women and food sellers.The study employed the descriptive research of the survey type.The study population consisted of market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government in Osun State.The sample consisted of 170 market women and 80 food sellers in conveniently selected five markets in the study area.The researchers developed three research instruments for this study,namely:Knowledge of Child Labour Questionnaire(KCLQ),Forms of Child Labour Practices Questionnaire(FCLPQ),and Factors Contributing to Child Labour Questionnaire(FCCLQ).The three instruments were validated by the investigators,using Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.79,0.77,and 0.78 values for KCLQ,FCLPQ,and FCCLQ respectively.Data collected were analyzed by using simple percentage and Relative Importance Index.The results among others showed that domesticlabour ranked the first significantly influential forms of child labour practiced among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State with RII analysis of 0.810 and 0.850 respectively.The study therefore concluded that majority of the respondents have low awareness level on the existing child labour law hence government should intensify the creation of awareness of the child labour law among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State.

A Practical Study on Value-Added Assessment in Primary English Education

As a programmatic document to guide the reform of educational assessment,the“General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Educational Assessment in the New Era”clearly points out the requirement for exploring value-added assessment[1].In the process of exploring,Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System(TVAAS),which was implemented in Tennessee,United States in 1992,has a certain referential significance to the practice of assessment reform in primary English education[2].This study aims to build a value-added assessment model in line with China’s learning conditions by using big data and carry out pilot experiments in order to promote the development of educational assessment in primary schools.

A Practical Exploration of Process Assessment Teaching Reform

In order to effectively promote higher education reform,colleges and universities should focus not only on basic knowledge learning,but also on improving students’quality,skills,and comprehensive literacy.Through practical experience,it can be seen that the cultivation of students’comprehensive quality needs to be implemented in all teaching links,among which the assessment link is no exception.In order to enhance the effectiveness and advanced nature of the teaching evaluation mechanism,it is necessary for colleges and universities to reform the real-time process assessment.Other educational departments should also pay more attention and place importance on this work,integrating it with the curriculum to optimize the evaluation link.

Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) System in Lao PDR

This study explores and seeks to explain the EIA procedures practice gap in Lao PDR. It reviews the literature and studies EIA legislation, administrative procedures, guidelines, and relevant documents by using a model proposed by Leu et al. (1996) and applying criteria proposed by Wood (1995) to evaluate the performance of EIA systems. Key EIA legislation in Lao PDR has many strengths, but also major weaknesses: Inadequate planning procedures, no secondary regulations, few trained and skilled personnel, inadequate public consultation, lack of environmental data, weak follow-up and monitoring, and no enforcement machinery. Additionally, the EIA approval procedure is very bureaucratic and easily derailed by political and economic pressures. In addition, coordination among EIA proponents, consultants, concerned ministries, local authorities, planners, and decision-makers is generally weak. This delays decision-making and hinders implementation of environmental regulations. Thus, procedures and evaluation are not always performed well. EIAs are more a project justification tool than a project planning tool for sustainable development. We conclude with recommendations to strengthen the system, such as improving capacity building, implementing an EIA consultants’ accreditation system, ensuring effective public participation and access to EIA reports, applying systematic EIAs, reviewing criteria, and promoting environmental awareness.

Application of formal safety assessment in planning VTS

To ensure that limited resources are allocated more effectively to reduce marine risks, formal safety assessment (FSA), a proactive method, is introduced in planning a vessel traffic system (VTS). Based on the data of Wuhan port, some new solutions based on risk-indices are put forward. The weighted number of traffic accidents is predicted after the future weighted vessel traffic volume is estimated by analyzing the trend of trade development. To analyze risk acceptability, the as-low-as-reasonably-practicable (ALARP) matrix is transformed into a new model containing two parameters: the future weighted vessel traffic volume and the future weighted number of traffic accidents. The new risk control options (RCOs)can be identified by a revised Domino model with several feedback loops from all system levels to close a limited window of accident opportunity. The results indicate that the four most beneficial RCOs are a wider sub-area 1 channel, a VTS bridges area, a dredging sub-area 2 main route, and a VTS QSX anchorage to the 3rd bridge. The FSA is a method that is effective in evaluating the rationality, necessity and cost-effectiveness of VTS projects.

The Relationship between Assessment Skills and Nursing Knowledge

This research aimed to clarify the relationship between nursing students’ levels of structural knowledge and assessment skills. Participants were 17 third-year university students majoring in nursing who participated individually in the experiments. The experiments included a nursing-scene task, free-recall task, and sorting task. Experiments were conducted before and after their clinical practice. Each student’s level of structural knowledge was calculated from the free-recall and sorting task responses, and each student’s assessment skill was calculated from the nursing-scene task responses. Levels of structural knowledge were significantly higher in post-examination compared with pre-examination (p p n = 5) had significantly higher scores for their conclusions and reasons than the low-structured group (n = 5) (p p < 0.10). Well-structured knowledge of students in the high-structured group seemed to enable them to acquire and activate highly related information during assessment. Students in the high-structured group apparently made assessments not only by using information given but also by over viewing information comprehensively.

Questions of Theory and Practice: To Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation Natural Systems of Pacific Russia Based on Models of Landscape Geosystems

The results of long-term author’s scientific research in the field of geological and geographical study and landscape mapping of large regional links, such as Sikhote-Alinsky, Sakhalinsky, Kamchatsky, Anadyrsky, located in the Pacific landscape belt of Russia, are considered (Starozhilov, 2013). The studies were conducted at the medium scale (1:500,000) and were accompanied by landscape mapping (Starozhilov, 2016). The proposed article discusses the theory and practice of the overall results and the strategic vision of applying the landscape approach with selected examples. The wide range of possibilities of applying the landscape approach in studying the interaction of nature and society is emphasized. The importance and the indisputable need for the synthesis, analysis and assessment of natural systems based on the mapping of landscape geosystems to assess the environmental management of not only regional territories, but also of Pacific Russia as a whole are noted.

Teaching Physical Assessment and Disease Screening to Students in the Health Professions: A Focus in Pharmacy Education

Background: As pharmacists continue to transition into the provision of public health care, physical assessment and disease screening will become part of their everyday practice, in a similar manner that it has been for doctors and nurses. Objective: The aim was to describe the health assessment of undergraduate curricula across three disciplines involved in public health care and to explore the students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments. Method: Instructors of courses related to health assessment in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy colleges in Qatar were invited to participate in the curriculum review process. Students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments was assessed using a self-administered survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the survey responses. Results: A narrative description for the similarities and differences in the health assessment curricula across the three colleges was provided. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart sounds were the health assessments that almost all students received training on, although there were differences in where the training was delivered. The health assessments that the students perceived having received least training on were measuring bone mineral density, blood cholesterol and international normalized ratio reported by only 37%, 41% and 44% of students, respectively. Conclusion: The study identified a close alignment between each of the health discipline’s scope of practice and the health assessment content taught in each individual program. It also identified possible curricular gaps towards learning the skills of patient assessment that may need to be addressed.