Discussion on Construction and Mechanism of Practice Bases for Professional Degree Postgraduates Based on the Integration of Production and Education in Local Universities

Under the background of emerging agricultural education,practice bases are an important place to train profession talented person that match social needs,so it is very important to build stable and long-term practice bases.At present,the main problems in the construction of practice bases for postgraduates in local colleges and universities are mainly focusing on construction and neglecting management,imperfect cooperation mechanism and lack of teaching management effectively.It is of great significance to build a long-term management mechanism to ensure the education quality of practice bases.Therefore,constructing the mode of"double integration and double promotion of production and education"with practice bases as the carrier and realizing the organic combination of industrial needs and postgraduate projects is an important idea for local colleges and universities to train professional degree postgraduates to"know agriculture,love agriculture,strengthen agriculture and promote agriculture",and it also provides a reference for the mechanism construction of postgraduate bases.

Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of Professional Practice for Full-Time Professional Master Degree Postgraduate in Mineral Processing Engineering

In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills,full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices.Nonetheless,a series of problems,including insufficient time for practice,low management level,inadequate implementation of the double-supervisor system,and poor results of professional practice,has reduced the effectiveness of professional practice.In view of the aforementioned problems and the characteristics of the discipline,this paper proposes several strategies for improving the effectiveness of professional practice for postgraduates in mineral processing engineering.

Understanding practice patterns of glaucoma sub-specialists in India

AIM：To obtain information on the prevailing practice patterns of glaucoma specialists in India.METHODS：Glaucoma specialists attending the Annual Conference of the Glaucoma Society of India（GSI）were surveyed.This survey,conducted in 2013,was based on an interactive audience response system.RESULTS：The information was obtained from 146 glaucoma specialists.Approximately half（n=83;57%）had≥10y of experience in managing glaucoma and were in institutional practice（n=74,51%）.Goldmann applanation tonometry was preferred by 103（72%）specialists whilst n=25（17.4%）used non-contact tonometer.Indentation gonioscopy was favoured by two-thirds（n=90,66%）whereas stereoscopic optic disc examination and visual fields using Humphrey perimeter was performed by a majority of the specialists surveyed（n=115,86%and n=114;83%respectively）.Nearly three quarter specialists（n=96;72%）preferred optical coherence tomography for imaging.The primary choice for treatment of angle closure disease and primary open angle glaucoma was laser（iridotomy,n=117;93%）and medical management（prostaglandin analogue,n=104;78%）,respectively.Approximately only a third of the specialists surveyed（n=37;28%）were performing both trabeculectomy and implantation of a glaucoma drainage device and about half（n=64;47%）were not operating on congenital glaucoma at all.CONCLUSION：This survey has found conformance with preferred practice patterns in several areas of diagnosisand management of glaucoma,but there was diversity in a few areas.The information is a significant step towards improvement of glaucoma care in India,including planning for future strategies.

Factors Confronting the Present-Day Construction Practices in South-East, Nigeria: The Professionals’ View

The study evaluates the factors confronting the present-day construction practices in South-East Nigeria. Being a survey research, questionnaires containing information relating to factors/challenges affecting construction practices were randomly administered to selected construction practitioners in South-Eastern States of Nigeria. Accordingly, a total of 240 questionnaires were administered to the selected respondents while 160 copies were completed, returned and found useful. Thus, giving a response rate of 66.67%. Data collected were analysed and presented using percentages, mean scores, principal and factor analysis, z-test and tables. The study found that the core factors that constrain present-day construction in the study area are issues related to inadequate/dearth of technical and managerial expertise, corruption and poor project planning and control;which significantly affect operational effectiveness of the construction industry in the study area. Therefore, the study concluded by recommending that thorough capacity building through training or retraining programme which should centre on areas of the issues identified should be religiously pursued in the study area.

United States-based practice patterns and resource utilization in advanced neuroendocrine tumor treatment

AIM: To assess advanced neuroendocrine tumor (NET) treatment patterns and resource utilization by tumor progression stage and tumor site in the United States. METHODS: United States Physicians meeting eligibility criteria were provided with online data extraction forms to collect patient chart data on recent NET patients. Resource utilization and treatment pattern data were collected over a baseline period (after diagnosis and before tumor progression), as well as initial and secondary progression periods, with progression defined according to measureable radiographic evidence of tumor progression. Resource categories used in the analysis include: Treatments (e.g. , surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies), hospitalizations and physician visits, diagnostic tests (biomarkers, imaging, laboratory tests). Comparisons between categories of resource utilization and tumor progression status were examined using univariate (by tumor site) and multivariate analyses (across all tumor sites). RESULTS: Fifty-five physicians were included in the study and completed online data extraction forms using the charts of 110 patients. The physician sample showed a relatively even distribution for those affiliated with academic versus community hospitals (46% vs 55%). Forty (36.3%) patients were reported to have pancreatic NET (pNET), while 70 (63.6%) patients had gastrointestinal tract (GI)/Lung as the primary NET site. Univariate analysis showed the proportion of patients hospitalized increased from 32.7% during baseline to 42.1% in the progression stages. While surgeries were performed at similar proportions overall at baseline and progression, pNET patients, were more likely than GI/Lung NET patients to have undergone surgery during the baseline (33.3% vs 25.0%) and any progression periods (26.7% vs 23.4%). While peptide-receptor radionuclide and targeted therapy utilization was low across NET types and tumor stages, GI/Lung types exhibited greater utilization of these technologies compared to pNET. Chemotherapy utilization was also greater among GI/Lung types. Multivariate analysis results demonstrated that patients in first progression period were over 3 times more likely to receive chemotherapy when compared to baseline (odds ratio: 3.31; 95%CI: 1.46-7.48, P=0.0041). Further, progression was associated with a greater likelihood of having a study physician visit [relative risk (RR): 1.54; 95%CI: 1.10-2.17, P=0.0117], and an increased frequency of other physician visits (RR: 1.84; 95%CI: 1.10-3.10, P=0.0211). CONCLUSION: Resource utilization in advanced NET in the United States is significant overall and data suggests progression has an impact on resource utilization regardless of NET tumor site.

Research and Practice on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities based on Professional Perspective

In order to promote the technical innovation ability of universities and level of entrepreneurship and employment of graduates, we need to study the method of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities. By summarizing the results of the Tianjin Vocational Institute gem professional study and practice of innovation and enterprises education: instilling ideas, accumulating experience, extracurricular practical work, the fusion of production and education, etc. such as these teaching methods, which with the strong interoperability, are contribute to solve the problem of student employment. In the meanwhile to improve the employment rate, it should still in focus on promote the technical innovation ability and the level of entrepreneurship for Tianjin Vocational Institute gems professional teaching.

Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Otolaryngology: A Survey of Clinical Practice Patterns

Introduction: Intraoperative nerve monitoring is used in otolaryngology to assist in identification of nerves at risk. It is hoped that this will lead to lower rates of nerve injury. The objective of this study was to quantify the use of monitoring technology in current clinical practice. Method: An electronic survey was distributed to 376 registered fellows of the Australian Society of Head and Neck Surgery. Results: One-hundred and twenty-five responses were obtained. The majority of respondents report using monitoring at least some of the time during thyroid, parotid, and mastoid surgery (80%, 87%, and 73% respectively). Predictors of use include experience with intraoperative monitoring during training, and high caseloads in parotid surgery. Practice setting did not predict use. Conclusion: Despite equivocal evidence that intraoperative nerve monitoring is associated with a reduction in nerve injuries, this study demonstrates that the technology is widely used amongst otolaryngologists.

The Implementation in Professional Practice of the Full-time Professional Master based on Graduate Workstation

The professional practice is an important scientific research and practice compulsory part for full-time professional master.Sufficient and high-quality professional practice is a significant guarantee of quality of professional degree education.The graduate workstation based on enterprises has been explored and the professional and practical ability of postgraduate with major degree has been promoted.

Socio-ecological insights into the development of agrarian professionals

There is a lack of information about the factors responsible for the effectiveness of environmental policies in Brazilian agriculture.This study aimed at identifying the perception and practices of agrarian professionals.The data analysis was carried out using a survey and methodological approaches focusing on environmental complexity and categorization of environmental actions.Quantitative analysis was based on descriptive statistics.Atmospheric problems were perceived as the main problems for the current and next two generations,while hydrological problems were indicated as those deserving most urgent solutions.On the other hand,the main developed actions and those planned to be carried out were classified within the responsibility category.Because of the reductionist perceptions,introduction of the concept of a socio-ecological system is indicated by means of methodological interventions during the development of agrarian professionals;also,in order to stimulate actions related to the competence and citizenship category,a methodological intervention focusing on resilience thinking is proposed.Typical actions of individuals with either reductionist or complex conceptions of the environment can be captured and,therefore,educational strategies can be traced based on the profiles obtained.

Intravitreal injection practice patterns among Chinese ophthalmologists

AIM:To describe the practice patterns of intravitreal injections(IVIs)among ophthalmologists in China.METHODS:This was a cross-sectional online survey.Ophthalmologists who had performed accumulated more than 100 injections were contacted by the Brightness Center,a hospital-based national network,to complete an anonymous,24-question,internet-based survey.They were surveyed on practices in injection techniques,pre-,and post-injections procedures.RESULTS:A total of 333 ophthalmologists from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions responded to the survey(50.68%response rate).The 91.29%of the respondents evaluated systemic risk factors by medical history,electrocardiogram(ECG)and blood test.All the respondents used pre-injection prophylactic antibiotics.Most checked intraocular pressure(IOP,99.1%)and blood pressure(96.1%)before injections.A majority of the respondents performed injections in the operating room(98.8%),wore masks(99.7%),gloves(99.4%)and sterile surgical clothing(96.1%),performed topical anesthetics(97.9%),and applied povidone-iodine(95.8%)pre-injection.The 61.26%of the respondents dilated pupil.About half of the respondents(51.05%)performed bilateral injections in the same setting.Superior temporal quadrant(40.54%)was the most frequent site of injection.Around three quarters used 30-gauge needles.Most respondents(97.9%)measured the site of injection from limbus.More than half(53.45%)performed conjunctiva displacement prior to injection.The 32.43%of the respondents checked IOP post-injection and 87.99%physicians checked hand motion(HM)or counting fingers(CF)after injection,while 36.94%observed optic nerve perfusion.All participants used topical antibiotics post-injections.Most physicians(91.89%)reviewed patients on the following day.CONCLUSION:This study provides a description of the real-world practice patterns in IVIs in China and offers critical information regarding education and training of ophthalmologists and amendment of local society guidelines.

The Professional Profile and the Physical Therapy Service in the Emergency Units in the State of São Paulo

The emergency room is the entrance door of hospitals for patients who are in risk of life, and the role of the physiotherapist in this area is recognized as a qualified member of the team, helping to reduce the rate and time of orotracheal intubation, judicious use of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The objective was to know the profile and performance of physical therapists in the emergency departments of hospitals in the state of São Paulo. Conducted through a semi-structured questionnaire covering personal and professional aspects, and analyzed and described in percentage form. Thirty-six questionnaires were analyzed, and it was observed that 92% provide emergency care, but only 25% work exclusively. Among the main reasons for admission to this sector are: acute respiratory failure (44%) and decreased level of consciousness (36.1%). Regarding the physiotherapeutic resources used in the emergency department, 97.2% make use of NIV, followed by monitoring of MV parameters (94.4%) and modification of parameters (94.4%). We also found that the average time of MV in this sector is 3 to 21 days (50%), and that 33% believe there is delay between indication and installation of NIV. The physiotherapist has much to contribute in emergency units, however, he must be trained through the search for technical and scientific knowledge, thus contributing to the consolidation of this area of expertise.

Teacher Professional Development Approach: Action Research

Theory and practice, researchers and practitioners are usually isolated in traditional education research, so much so that the research results can not solve the problems that teachers encounter in their teaching practice. As a new mode, action research provides a bridge linking theory and teaching practice as well as a way to promote teacher development.

The Role of Secondary School Teacher Training in Their Teaching Practices-A Secondary Publication

This work aims to analyze the effect exerted by the initial and continuous training of secondary school teachers in France on their teaching practices.For this,we carried out a secondary analysis of data from the TALIS survey(Teaching and Learning International Survey),conducted in 2013 in 34 countries,including France.In particular,we focus on practices related to the teaching methods used,classroom management,how to communicate,and the evaluative practices of teachers.In support of binary logistic regression models,we showed that the variables related to initial training play a weak role,and even exert a negative effect on certain pedagogic practices,leading to a reflection on the renovation of this training.On the other hand,our analyses highlighted the greater weight played by certain continuing education actions.

Mineral and bone disorder and management in the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

Background:Despite a growing population of patients starting hemodialysis in China,little is known about markers of mineral bone disease(MBD)and their management.We present data on prevalence and correlates of hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,and secondary hyperparathyroidism from the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study(DOPPS),with evaluation of whether these laboratory markers triggered changes in management.Methods:We compared the frequency of measurement and prevalence of poor control of MBD markers in China DOPPS with other DOPPS regions.We also used generalized estimating equations to assess correlates of MBD markers,and separate models to assess predictors of vitamin D and phosphate binder prescriptions in the China DOPPS.Results:Severe hyperphosphatemia(>7 mg/dL)and secondary hyperparathyroidism(>600 pg/mL)were common(27%and 21%prevalence,respectively);both were measured infrequently(14.9%and 3.2%of patients received monthly measurements in China).Frequency of dialysis sessions was positively associated with hyperphosphatemia;presence of residual kidney function was negatively associated with both hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.Laboratory measures indicating poor control of MBD were not associated with subsequent prescription of active vitamin D or phosphate binder.Conclusions:There are substantial opportunities for improvement and standardization of MBD management in China.Development of country-specific guidelines may yield realistic targets and standardization of medication use accounting for availability and cost.

Adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: Perspective from a survey on breast cancer physicians' acceptance of practice-changing data

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.

On Treatment Patterns for Modeling Medical Treatment Processes in Clinical Practice Guidelines

Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment processes.Executable medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment processes.To this end,business process modeling technologies have been exploited to model medical treatment processes.However,medical treatment processes are usually flexible and knowledge-intensive.To reduce the effort in modeling,we summarize several treatment patterns(i.e.,frequent behaviors in medical treatment processes in CPGs),and represent them by three process modeling languages(i.e.,BPMN,DMN,and CMMN).Based on the summarized treatment patterns,we propose a pattern-based integrated framework for modeling medical treatment processes.A modeling platform is implemented to support the use of treatment patterns,by which the feasibility of our approach is validated.An empirical analysis is discussed based on the coverage rates of treatment patterns.Feedback from interviewed physicians in a Chinese hospital shows that executable medical treatment processes of CPGs provide a convenient way to obtain guidance,thus assisting daily work for medical workers.