Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Rougan Huaxian Ointment

[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L 9(3 4) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.

Development of Preparation Systems with K_2CsSb Photocathodes and Study on the Preparation Process

The next generation of advanced light sources requires photons with large average flux and high brightness,which needs advanced electron gun matched with excellent photocathode materials. K_2CsSb photocathode has the advantages of high quantum efficiency, long lifetime and instantaneous response. This study introduces the design of a set of K_2CsSb photocathode preparation systems and detailed preparation process of K_2CsSb photocathodes, including sequential deposition process and co-deposition process, and finally develops a K_2CsSb photocathode. The influence of laser power on the quantum efficiency is also investigated.

3D Modeling of the preparation process of metal rubber material

Based on the analysis of the preparation of metal rubber （MR） and two pivotal hypotheses, the uniform distribution and the unaltered topological structure of wires in the radial direction of columns in the punch process, a 3D parametrical model was established based on four approaches： helix-making, planar roughcast-weaving, planar roughcast-rolling, and 3D roughcast punching. In the modeling process, 5 lattice types of weave patterns in planar roughcast were put forward, and 10 quantificational modeling parameters were picked up to exclusively define the column MR component structure. The wire distribution was visualized by CAD techniques. The important performance parameter of column MR components （relative density ρ^- ） can be forecasted by modeling computing, which provides the necessary foundation for the design and optimization of MR materials.

Ti/Al_2O_3 Functionally Gradient Material Prepared by the Explosive Compaction/SHS Process

Ti1Al2O3 Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) was prepared by an explosive compaction/SHS process. Ten sheets of the compounding powder were laminated and pressed to get a green body of FGM. It was then compacted explosively By burying the explosive compaction body into a stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture and igniting the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture, the SHS reaction of the explosive compaction body was initiated by the heat released from the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture. In this way, Ti/Al2O3 FGM was synthesized. The adiabatic temperatures of each gradient layer were calculated when the preheating temperatures were 298 K and 1173 K, respectively The microstructure, composition and properties of Ti/Al2O3 FGM and the reaction mechanism of each gradient layer were studied. It was found that Ti/Al2O3 FGM prepared by the explosive compaction/SHS process had a high density and a high microhardness. Its structure, composition and properties showed apparent gradient distribution. The structure of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer of FGM was a network structure. Its reaction mode could be described as follows: Al powder melted first, then the molten Al penetrated into the TiO2 zone and reacted with TiO2, and big pores were left in the original positions of Al powder. The reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Al3O3 as diluents was similar to that of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer, so were their structure and composition. However, the reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Ti as diluents was more complex and the composition deviated slightly from the designed one

Modelling of vehicle interaction behavior during discretionary lane-changing preparation process on freeway

In order to increase the accuracy of microscopic traffic flow simulation,two acceleration models are presented to simulate car-following behaviors of the lane-changing vehicle and following putative vehicle during the discretionary lanechanging preparation( DLCP) process, respectively. The proposed acceleration models can reflect vehicle interaction characteristics. Samples used for describing the starting point and the ending point of DLCP are extracted from a real NGSIM vehicle trajectory data set. The acceleration model for a lanechanging vehicle is supposed to be a linear acceleration model.The acceleration model for the following putative vehicle is constructed by referring to the optimal velocity model,in which optimal velocity is defined as a linear function of the velocity of putative leading vehicle. Similar calibration,a hypothesis test and parameter sensitivity analysis were conducted on the acceleration model of the lane-changing vehicle and following putative vehicle,respectively. The validation results of the two proposed models suggest that the training and testing errors are acceptable compared with similar works on calibrations for car following models. The parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the subtle observed error does not lead to severe variations of car-following behaviors of the lane-changing vehicle and following putative vehicle.

Study on Preparation Process of Effervescent Tablets Made from EGCG of Tea

[ Objectivel The study aimed to discuss the preparation process of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） effervescent tablets. [ Method] Various raw materials were dried for different time at 50℃, and then the sticking degree of EGCG effervescent tablets was reviewed. Hereafter, the formula of EGCG effervescent tablets was optimized by orthogonal test. [ Result] Effervescent tablets without sticking were smooth after being dried for 150 rain. The optimal formula of EGCG effervescent tablets was composed of 4% EGCG, 45% citric acid and sodium carbonate （Citric acid： Sodium carbonate = 1.6：1 ）, 20% lactose, 4% L-leucine, 4% sodium cyclamate and 23% orange powder. [Condusion] The prepared EGCG effervescent tablets without sticking has a good effervescence effect and taste.

Preparation of DyFe_2 by the Reduction-Diffusion Process

The free energy change for the reduction-diffusion reaction which was used to prepare the DyFe_2 D_y2 O_3(s) + 3Ca(g) + 4Fe(s) = 3C_aO(s) + 2D_yFe_2(s) intermetallic compound powder was calculated. The reduction-diffusion experiments were carried out at 1073, 1123. 1273 and 1373 K respectively using powders of D_y2O_3, iron, and calcium grains as raw materials. XRD and EDX analysis confirmed that D_yFe_2 was formed by the diffusion of Dy into Fe.

PREPARATION OF FERROFLUID FOR MINERAL PROCESSING AND ITS PROPERTIES

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Preparation of Biologically Active Materials by Biomimetic Process

In order to form the apatite nuclei on a surface of the substrate, the substrate was placed on or in CaO, SiO2-based glass particles which were soaked in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly e-qual to those of human blood plasma, and to make the apatite nuclei grow on the substrate in situ, the substrate, was soaked in another solution highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite. The induction period for the apatite nucleation varied from 0 to 4 days depending on the kind of the substrate. The thickness of the apatite layer increases linearly with increasing soaking time in the second solution. The rate of growth of the apatite layer increases with increasing degree of the supersaturation and temperature of the second solution, reaching 7um/d in a solution with ion concentrations which is as 1.5 times as those of the simulated body fluid at 60℃. The adhesive strength of the apatite layer to the substrate varies depending on the kind and roughness of the substrate. Polyethyleneterephthalate and polyethersulfone plates abraded with No. 400 diamond paste show adhesive strengths of as high as 4 MPa. This type of composite of the bone-like apatite with metals, ceramics and organic polymers might be useful not only as highly biaactive hard tissue-repairing materials with analogous mechanical properties to those of the hard tissues , but also as highly biocompatible soft tissue-repairing materials with ductility.

Preparation Process and Optimization Design for Composites Rudderpost in the Long-Time High Temperature Environment

Rudder is an important part for the glider aircraft. In order to satisfy the long-time high-velocity for the near-space vehicle in the atmosphere, the light- weight, high-stiffness and high-strength all-composites rudderpost is required urgently to be prepared. The all-composites rudderpost can keep high rudder efficiency in the high temperature environment. Based on the technique require-ment of high-performance composites rudder, a 3D C/SiC rudderpost was manufactured by the CVI-CMC-SiC [1] processes. It was found during rudderpost testing that the high-temperature mechanical properties decreased and had large discretization. The analysis of the failure mechanisms was conducted by FTA method to recognize the failure modes and main reasons for rudderpost abnormal fracture and to reproduce the fracture phenomenon, which could guide production company to modify their preparation process control. Then the modified processes were proved to be validated. And the stability and reliability of the production performances were improved.

A Preparing Process of Quick-moving Leaf for TiNi Alloy

This paper reports a preparing process of quick moving leaf for TiNi shape memory alloy. Using the process. a series of quick moving leaves having different points of temperature. from 58 to 100℃. at which they jump up have been made. The quick moving leaves will be fully qualified as the electric switches that open and close themselves at proper temperatures.

Study on Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Tianlu Tongluo Granules

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.

Preparation of Strontium Bismuth Tantalum (SBT) Fine Powder by Sol-Gel Process Using Bismuth Subnitrate as Bismuth Source

Strontium bismuth tantalum (SBT) fine power was prepared by Sol-Gel method. Pentaethoxy tantalum, strontium acetate and bismuth subnitrate were used as raw materials, and were dissolved in proper order in ethylene glycol to form transparent sol. The mixed precursor was dried at 80℃ and annealed at 800℃ for 1 h. Crystallized nanometer sized SBT fine powder was obtained and characterized by XRD.

Preparation Process of Plumbagin Nanomicelle In-situ Gel

[Objectives]To prepare plumbagin nanomicelle(PLB-N)in-situ gel,and optimize the formulation and process.[Methods]PLB-N was prepared by self-assembly method,and the optimal formulation of PLB-N in-situ gel was determined by orthogonal experiment design and single factor method.[Results]The optimal preparation process for PLB-N was a drug to lipid ratio of 1:3,a Tween 80 content of 5%,an ethanol content of 7.5%of the hydration medium,a magnetic stirring speed of 2200 rpm,a stirring time of 30 min,and an ultrasound time of 10 min.The optimal formulation of PLB-N in-situ gel was 22%of poloxamer 407,6%of poloxamer 188,and 1:1 of PLB-N to water.The encapsulation efficiency of PLB-N prepared with the optimal formula was(95.8%±0.4%),and the average particle size was(75.19±1.14)nm,and the Zeta potential was(-20.73±1.19)mv.[Conclusions]PLB-N in-situ gel had stable and reliable preparation process,uniform content,and broad application prospects.

Preparation Process and Thin Layer Chromatography Identification of Wufang Babu Poultice

[Objectives] To establish the process flow of preparation of Wufang Babu Poultice and the identification method of thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Methods] For the forming process of Wufang Babu Poultice, the preparation method of mixed pharmaceutical powder with suitable pharmaceutical excipients was adopted. Qualitative identification of medicinal materials in Wufang Babu Poultice (Strychni Semen, Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Dipsaci Radix, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix) was carried out by TLC. [Results] Mixed pharmaceutical powder mixed with glycerol, gelatin and other pharmaceutical excipients can be prepared for forming. The test solution chromatography of each medicinal material (Strychni Semen, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Dipsaci Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix) showed pigment spots of the same color at the same position as its corresponding control medicinal materials and reference chromatography, and the display was clear. [Conclusions] The preparation process is simple and feasible, and can be used as the forming process of Wufang Babu Poultice. The TLC determination method is simple to operate, has good specificity, and has no effect on negative results, and can be used for identification of Wufang Babu Poultice.

Preparation Process of Liposome of Polysaccharides of Dicliptera chinensis

[Objectives] The research aimed to study preparation process of liposome of polysaccharides of Dicliptera chinensis( DCP) and investigate its quality.[Methods] Thin film ultrasonic technology and uniform design were used to prepare DCP liposome,and the process was optimized. [Results] DCP liposome obtained by the optimized process had below parameters: entrapment efficiency( 54. 79 ± 1. 30) %,average drug loading rate( 5. 48 ± 0. 12) %,average particle size( 354. 63 ± 7. 04) nm,Zeta potential(-22. 51 ± 1. 13) m V. [Conclusions]DCP liposome obtained by the optimized process had higher entrapment efficiency and drug loading rate.

Semi-solid processing of aluminum and magnesium alloys:Status,opportunity,and challenge in China

Owing to its low cost,short process and low energy consumption,semi-solid processing(SSP)of aluminum(Al)and magnesium(Mg)alloys has been considered as a competitive approach to fabricate complicated components with excellent performance.Over the past decade,significant progress has been achieved in deeply understanding the SSP process,the microstructure and performance of the fabricated components in China.This paper starts with a retrospective overview of some common slurry preparation methods,followed by presenting the performance and the underlying mechanisms of SSP fabricated alloys.Then,the mainstream opinions on the microstructure evolution and rheological flow behavior of semi-solid slurry are discussed.Subsequently,the general situation and some recent examples of industrial applications of SSP are presented.Finally,special attention is paid to the unresolved issues and the future directions in SSP of Al and Mg alloys in China.

Preparation of Perovskite-Type Oxides La_(1-x)Sr_xFe_(1-y)Co_yO_3 Using EDTA Sol-Gel Method

Two series of perovskite-type oxides with composition (La_(1-x))Sr_xFeO_3(x≤0.8)and La_(1-x)Sr_xFe_(1-y)Co_yO_3(x=0.2; y=0.2, 0.4)powder productions were synthesized by EDTA complexing sol-gel method. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, BET method(N_2 adsorption)and laser granularity analysis for different synthesis conditions to obtain the optimum conditions for the preparation process. Single-phased, uniform perovskite-type oxides with small particle size were obtained by EDTA sol-gel process with high stability and repeatability, and the process temperature is much lower than that of solid state reaction method.