Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii)for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by mealtime.Compared to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/K+-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid secretion.Concerns with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for H.pylori.Previous studies suggested that S.boulardii plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves H.pylori eradication rate.With an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical settings.Nonetheless,S.boulardii comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue therapy.Additionally,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

Real-time Rescue Target Detection Based on UAV Imagery for Flood Emergency Response

Timely acquisition of rescue target information is critical for emergency response after a flood disaster.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)equipped with remote sensing capabilities offer distinct advantages,including high-resolution imagery and exceptional mobility,making them well suited for monitoring flood extent and identifying rescue targets during floods.However,there are some challenges in interpreting rescue information in real time from flood images captured by UAVs,such as the complexity of the scenarios of UAV images,the lack of flood rescue target detection datasets and the limited real-time processing capabilities of the airborne on-board platform.Thus,we propose a real-time rescue target detection method for UAVs that is capable of efficiently delineating flood extent and identifying rescue targets(i.e.,pedestrians and vehicles trapped by floods).The proposed method achieves real-time rescue information extraction for UAV platforms by lightweight processing and fusion of flood extent extraction model and target detection model.The flood inundation range is extracted by the proposed method in real time and detects targets such as people and vehicles to be rescued based on this layer.Our experimental results demonstrate that the Intersection over Union(IoU)for flood water extraction reaches an impressive 80%,and the IoU for real-time flood water extraction stands at a commendable 76.4%.The information on flood stricken targets extracted by this method in real time can be used for flood emergency rescue.

Substitutions of stem-loop subdomains in internal ribosome entry site of Senecavirus A:Impacts on rescue of sequence-modifying viruses

Senecavirus A(SVA)has a positive-sense,single-stranded RNA genome.Its 5´untranslated region harbors an internal ribosome entry site(IRES),comprising 10 larger or smaller stem-loop structures(including a pseudoknot)that have been demonstrated to be well conserved.However,it is still unclear whether each stem-loop subdomain,such as a single stem or loop,is also highly conserved.To clarify this issue in the present study,a set of 29 SVA cDNA clones were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis(SDM)on the IRES.The SDM-modified scenarios included:(1)stem-formed complementary sequences exchanging with each other;(2)loop transversion;(3)loop transition;and(4)point mutations.All cDNA clones were separately transfected into cells for rescuing viable viruses,whereas only four SVAs of interest could be recovered,and were genetically stable during 20 passages.One progeny grew significantly slower than the other three did.The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that none of the SDM-modified IRESes significantly inhibited the IRES activity.Our previous study indicated that a single motif from any of the ten stem structures,if completely mutated,would cause the failure of virus recovery.Interestingly,our present study revealed three stem structures,whose individual complementary sequences could exchange with each other to rescue sequence-modifying SVAs.Moreover,one apical loop was demonstrated to have the ability to tolerate its own full-length transition,also having no impact on the recovery of sequence-modifying SVA.The present study suggested that not every stem-loop structure was strictly conserved in its conformation,while the full-length IRES itself was well conserved.This provides a new research direction on interaction between the IRES and many factors.

Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a severe cardiovascular disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium.Timely medical contact is critical for successful AMI treatment,and delays increase the risk of death for patients.Pre-hospital delay time(PDT)is a significant challenge for reducing treatment times,as identifying high-risk patients with AMI remains difficult.This study aims to construct a risk prediction model to identify high-risk patients and develop targeted strategies for effective and prompt care,ultimately reducing PDT and improving treatment outcomes.AIM To construct a nomogram model for forecasting pre-hospital delay(PHD)likelihood in patients with AMI and to assess the precision of the nomogram model in predicting PHD risk.METHODS A retrospective cohort design was employed to investigate predictive factors for PHD in patients with AMI diagnosed between January 2022 and September 2022.The study included 252 patients,with 180 randomly assigned to the development group and the remaining 72 to the validation group in a 7:3 ratio.Independent risk factors influencing PHD were identified in the development group,leading to the establishment of a nomogram model for predicting PHD in patients with AMI.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve in both the development and validation groups.RESULTS Independent risk factors for PHD in patients with AMI included living alone,hyperlipidemia,age,diabetes mellitus,and digestive system diseases(P<0.05).A characteristic curve analysis indicated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.787(95%confidence interval:0.716–0.858)and 0.770(95%confidence interval:0.660-0.879)in the development and validation groups,respectively,demonstrating the model's good discriminatory ability.The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test revealed no statistically significant disparity between the anticipated and observed incidence of PHD in both development and validation cohorts(P>0.05),indicating satisfactory model calibration.CONCLUSION The nomogram model,developed with independent risk factors,accurately forecasts PHD likelihood in AMI individuals,enabling efficient identification of PHD risk in these patients.

Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for complications.The ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality measure.Tailored protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year 2013.AIM To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of quality.METHODS A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between January 1,2013 and June 30,2023.Stan-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD complications.RESULTS Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this facility.Major complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their complication.Four(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring PD.Despite low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major complications.We attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols.

Failure to Rescue as a Quality Metric in Congenital Heart Surgeries in a High-Complexity Service Provider Institution Located in a Middle-Income Country

Background:Failure to rescue has been an effective quality metric in congenital heart surgery.Conversely,mor-bidity and mortality depend greatly on non-modifiable individual factors and have a weak correlation with better-quality performance.We aim to measure the complications,mortality,and risk factors in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery in a high-complexity institution located in a middle-income country and compare it with other institutions that have conducted a similar study.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted in a high-complexity service provider institution,in Cali,Colombia.All pediatric patients undergoing any congenital heart surgery between 2019 and 2022 were included.The main outcomes evaluated in the study were complication,mortality,and failure to rescue rate.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with mortality as the outcome variable.Results:We evaluated 308 congenital heart sur-geries.Regarding the outcomes,201(65%)complications occurred,23(7.5%)patients died,and the FTR of the entire cohort was 11.4%.The presence of a postoperative complication(OR 14.88,CI 3.06–268.37,p=0.009),age(OR 0.79,CI 0.57–0.96,p=0.068),and urgent/emergent surgery(OR 8.14,CI 2.97–28.66,p<0.001)were the most significant variables in predicting mortality.Conclusions:Failure to rescue is an effective and comparable quality measure in healthcare institutions and is the major contributor to postoperative mortality in congenital heart surgeries.Despite our higher mortality and complication rate,we obtained a comparable failure to rescue rate to high-income countries’health institutions.

An Improved Iterated Greedy Algorithm for Solving Rescue Robot Path Planning Problem with Limited Survival Time

Effective path planning is crucial for mobile robots to quickly reach rescue destination and complete rescue tasks in a post-disaster scenario.In this study,we investigated the post-disaster rescue path planning problem and modeled this problem as a variant of the travel salesman problem(TSP)with life-strength constraints.To address this problem,we proposed an improved iterated greedy(IIG)algorithm.First,a push-forward insertion heuristic(PFIH)strategy was employed to generate a high-quality initial solution.Second,a greedy-based insertion strategy was designed and used in the destruction-construction stage to increase the algorithm’s exploration ability.Furthermore,three problem-specific swap operators were developed to improve the algorithm’s exploitation ability.Additionally,an improved simulated annealing(SA)strategy was used as an acceptance criterion to effectively prevent the algorithm from falling into local optima.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the Solomon dataset was extended to generate 27 instances for simulation.Finally,the proposed IIG was compared with five state-of-the-art algorithms.The parameter analysiswas conducted using the design of experiments(DOE)Taguchi method,and the effectiveness analysis of each component has been verified one by one.Simulation results indicate that IIGoutperforms the compared algorithms in terms of the number of rescue survivors and convergence speed,proving the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Correlation Study of Neurotransmitter and Immune Levels in Pre-Hospital Emergency Nurses with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of PTSD in pre-hospital emergency nurses and its related factors, and to compare the differences of neurotransmitter and immune-related factors between pre-hospital emergency nurses who experienced traumatic events and those who did not develop PTSD and healthy people. How: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PCL-C) tests were performed on pre-hospital emergency nurses in PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy control group, and the plasma monoamine neurotransmitters and serum cytokines were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA assay using enzyme-linked adsorption kit provided by Shanghai Xitang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Results: 1) There were statistically significant differences in PCL-C scores between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p α between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency nurses should have early psychological intervention and guidance to reduce the occurrence of PTSD in emergency and emergency nurses.

Parental Knowledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at Kath

BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.

The Association between Fear of COVID-19,Obsession with COVID-19,and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Korean Emergency Rescue Firefighters:A Cross-Sectional Study

During the rapid spread of COVID-19,first responders are at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 due to their role in providing first aid and responding to an unspecified number of people.This uncertainty can have adverse mental health effects,such as increased anxiety and fear.This study aimed to investigate the degree of association between fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in emergency rescue firefighters.The participants were 150 emergency rescue firefighters working in Region S,Korea.They filled out self-report questionnaires:The data obtained through the Fear of COVID-19 Scale,Obsession with COVID-19 Scale,and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version were subjected to nonparametric statistical analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0.The study found a significant correlation between emergency rescue firefighters’fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and PTSD.Fear and obsession with COVID-19 were higher among first responder firefighters who were directly involved in COVID-19-related tasks.Furthermore,a one-point increase in obsession was associated with a 2.837-point increase in PTSD.Based on the results,we found that there is a need for effective control of obsessions and fears among first responder firefighters during COVID-19,and we suggest that there is a need for mental health care for first responder firefighters during the pandemic through the development and support of programs to prevent and mitigate obsessions.

Assessment of Meteorological Threats to the Coordinated Search and Rescue of Unmanned/Manned Aircraft

The architecture and working principle of coordinated search and rescue system of unmanned/manned aircraft,which is composed of manned/unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft,were first introduced,and they can cooperate with each other to complete a search and rescue task.Secondly,a threat assessment method based on meteorological data was proposed,and potential meteorological threats,such as storms and rainfall,can be predicted by collecting and analyzing meteorological data.Finally,an experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in different scenarios.The experimental results show that the coordinated search and rescue system of unmanned/manned aircraft can be used to effectively assess meteorological threats and provide accurate search and rescue guidance.

Benchmarking YOLOv5 models for improved human detection in search and rescue missions

Drone or unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technology has undergone significant changes.The technology allows UAV to carry out a wide range of tasks with an increasing level of sophistication,since drones can cover a large area with cameras.Meanwhile,the increasing number of computer vision applications utilizing deep learning provides a unique insight into such applications.The primary target in UAV-based detection applications is humans,yet aerial recordings are not included in the massive datasets used to train object detectors,which makes it necessary to gather the model data from such platforms.You only look once(YOLO)version 4,RetinaNet,faster region-based convolutional neural network(R-CNN),and cascade R-CNN are several well-known detectors that have been studied in the past using a variety of datasets to replicate rescue scenes.Here,we used the search and rescue(SAR)dataset to train the you only look once version 5(YOLOv5)algorithm to validate its speed,accuracy,and low false detection rate.In comparison to YOLOv4 and R-CNN,the highest mean average accuracy of 96.9%is obtained by YOLOv5.For comparison,experimental findings utilizing the SAR and the human rescue imaging database on land(HERIDAL)datasets are presented.The results show that the YOLOv5-based approach is the most successful human detection model for SAR missions.

Analysis of the Effect of Humanistic Care in the Process of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of humanistic care in pre-hospital emergency care.Methods:From April 2020 to January 2021,80 pre-hospital emergency patients were studied.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(n=40),which received conventional care,and an experimental group(n=40),which received humanistic care.The effects of nursing care and psychological state were compared between the two groups.Results:The experimental group showed better nursing outcomes and a more positive psychological state compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Humanistic care in pre-hospital emergency settings is more effective in reducing patients’anxiety and depression,enhancing the operational abilities and service attitudes of nursing staff,and increasing the emergency success rate.

Structural Design Study of Air-Dropped Unmanned Maritime Mobile Search and Rescue Platforms

In order to improve the efficiency and safety of search and rescue(SAR)at sea,this paper proposes a kind of emergency rapid rescue unmanned craft(air-dropped unmanned maritime motorized search and rescue platform)that can be delivered by a large transport aircraft.This paper studies the structural design scheme of the platform,and the main scale of the platform,the choice of power system and the impact resistance performance are considered in the design process to ensure its rapid response and effective rescue capability under complex sea conditions.Simulation results show that the platform can withstand the impact of air injection into the water and the shipboard equipment can operate normally under the impact load,thus verifying the feasibility and safety of the design.This study serves to improve the maritime search and rescue system and enhance the oceanic emergency response capability.

Optimization of the Pre-Hospital Rescue System for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in China

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)presents a significant public health challenge in China.A sharp contrast in survival rate after OHCA exists between China and more developed countries.Due to the short life-saving time window,emergency medical services(EMS)and bystanders peripheral to EMS are key contributors to survival after OHCA.Here we discuss limitations and challenges for current EMS in rescuing OHCA by reviewing requirements for EMS in China.We call for an updated public health-based prehospital rescue system that includes establishing a cardiac arrest registry,promoting a“Three Early’s”campaign[early dialing of emergency hotline 120,early cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and early defibrillation],and operating a mechanism comprised of professional public health institutions(EMS,CDC,specialized disease prevention and control institutions,and health education institutions)as well as many governmental departments,such as healthcare,industry and information technology,and education,and non-governmental organizations,such as the Red Cross Society.Following the optimization of the prehospital rescue system and the participation of the whole population in self-rescue and mutual rescue,we believe that a dramatic improvement in OHCA survival will come about in China.

Third-line and rescue therapy for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Due to increasing resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)to different antibiotics,failures in eradication therapies are becoming more frequent.Even though eradication criteria and treatment algorithms for first-line and second-line therapy against H.pylori infection are well-established,there is no clear recommendation for third-line and rescue therapy in refractory H.pylori infection.AIM To perform a systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of rescue therapies against refractory H.pylori infection.METHODS A systematic search of available rescue treatments for refractory H.pylori infection was conducted on the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed search platform based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Randomized or non-randomized clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of H.pylori infection rescue therapies were included.RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included in the analysis of mean eradication rates as rescue therapy,and 21 of these were selected for analysis of mean eradication rate as third-line treatment.For rifabutin-,sitafloxacin-,levofloxacin-,or metronidazole-based triple-therapy as third-line treatment,mean eradication rates of 81.6%and 84.4%,79.4%and 81.5%,55.7%and 60.6%,and 62.0%and 63.0%were found in intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analysis,respectively.For third-line quadruple therapy,mean eradication rates of 69.2%and 72.1%were found for bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT),88.9%and 90.9%for bismuth quadruple therapy,three-in-one,Pylera®(BQT-Pylera),and 61.3%and 64.2%for non-BQT)in ITT and PP analysis,respectively.For rifabutin-,sitafloxacin-,levofloxacin-,or metronidazole-based triple therapy as rescue therapy,mean eradication rates of 75.4%and 78.8%,79.4 and 81.5%,55.7%and 60.6%,and 62.0%and 63.0%were found in ITT and PP analysis,respectively.For quadruple therapy as rescue treatment,mean eradication rates of 76.7%and 79.2%for BQT,84.9%and 87.8%for BQT-Pylera,and 61.3%and 64.2%for non-BQT were found in ITT and PP analysis,respectively.For susceptibility-guided therapy,mean eradication rates as third-line and rescue treatment were 75.0%in ITT and 79.2%in PP analysis.CONCLUSION We recommend sitafloxacin-based triple therapy containing vonoprazan in regions with low macrolide resistance profile.In regions with known resistance to macrolides or unavailability of bismuth,rifabutin-based triple therapy is recommended.

Safety and effectiveness of vonoprazan-based rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND Vonoprazan(VPZ)-based regimens are an effective first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.However,their value as a rescue therapy needs to be explored.AIM To assess a VPZ-based regimen as H.pylori rescue therapy.METHODS This prospective,single-center,clinical trial was conducted between January and August 2022.Patients with a history of H.pylori treatment failure were administered 20 mg VPZ twice daily,750 mg amoxicillin 3 times daily,and 250 mg Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii)twice daily for 14 d(14-d VAS regimen).VPZ and S.boulardii were taken before meals,while amoxicillin was taken after meals.Within 3 d after the end of eradication therapy,all patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire to assess any adverse events they may have experienced.At least 4-6 wk after the end of eradication therapy,eradication success was assessed using a 13C-urea breath test,and factors associated with eradication success were explored.RESULTS Herein,103 patients were assessed,and 68 patients were finally included.All included patients had 1-3 previous eradication failures.The overall eradication rates calculated using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were 92.6%(63/68)and 92.3%(60/65),respectively.The eradication rate did not differ with the number of treatment failures(P=0.433).The rates of clarithromycin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin resistance were 91.3%(21/23),100.0%(23/23),and 60.9%(14/23),respectively.There were no cases of resistance to tetracycline,amoxicillin,or furazolidone.In 60.9%(14/23)patients,the H.pylori isolate was resistant to all 3 antibiotics(clarithromycin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin);however,eradication was achieved in 92.9%(13/14)patients.All patients showed metronidazole resistance,and had an eradication rate of 91.3%(21/23).The eradication rate was higher among patients without anxiety(96.8%)than among patients with anxiety(60.0%,P=0.025).No severe adverse events occurred;most adverse events were mild and disappeared without intervention.Good compliance was seen in 95.6%(65/68)patients.Serological examination showed no significant changes in liver and kidney function.CONCLUSION VAS is a safe and effective rescue therapy,with an acceptable eradication rate(>90%),regardless of the number of prior treatment failures.Anxiety may be associated with eradication failure.

Metagenomic Analysis of Environmental Samples from Wildlife Rescue Station at Poyang Lake, China

Objective To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake,China.Methods Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019.Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity.Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods.A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)region of picornavirus.Results We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families.A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01–S09 and S10.In S01–S09,members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent,while in S10,the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia.Among S01–S09,members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent,while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae.The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus(NC-BM-233)was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt.It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein,with 84.10%amino acid identity.Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.Conclusion This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples,broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity,and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds .

Search and Rescue Optimization with Machine Learning Enabled Cybersecurity Model

Presently,smart cities play a vital role to enhance the quality of living among human beings in several ways such as online shopping,e-learning,ehealthcare,etc.Despite the benefits of advanced technologies,issues are also existed from the transformation of the physical word into digital word,particularly in online social networks(OSN).Cyberbullying(CB)is a major problem in OSN which needs to be addressed by the use of automated natural language processing(NLP)and machine learning(ML)approaches.This article devises a novel search and rescue optimization with machine learning enabled cybersecurity model for online social networks,named SRO-MLCOSN model.The presented SRO-MLCOSN model focuses on the identification of CB that occurred in social networking sites.The SRO-MLCOSN model initially employs Glove technique for word embedding process.Besides,a multiclass-weighted kernel extreme learning machine(M-WKELM)model is utilized for effectual identification and categorization of CB.Finally,Search and Rescue Optimization(SRO)algorithm is exploited to fine tune the parameters involved in the M-WKELM model.The experimental validation of the SRO-MLCOSN model on the benchmark dataset reported significant outcomes over the other approaches with precision,recall,and F1-score of 96.24%,98.71%,and 97.46%respectively.

Performance Evaluation of Three-Dimensional UWB Real-Time Locating Auto-Positioning System for Fire Rescue

Fire rescue challenges and solutions have evolved from straightfor-ward plane rescue to encompass 3D space due to the rise of high-rise city buildings.Hence,this study facilitates a system with quick and simplified on-site launching and generates real-time location data,enabling fire rescuers to arrive at the intended spot faster and correctly for effective and precise rescue.Auto-positioning with step-by-step instructions is proposed when launching the locating system,while no extra measuring instrument like Total Station(TS)is needed.Real-time location tracking is provided via a 3D space real-time locating system(RTLS)constructed using Ultra-wide Bandwidth technology(UWB),which requires electromagnetic waves to pass through concrete walls.A hybrid weighted least squares with a time difference of arrival(WLS/TDOA)positioning method is proposed to address real path-tracking issues in 3D space and to meet RTLS requirements for quick computing in real-world applications.The 3D WLS/TDOA algorithm is theoretically constructed with the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB).The computing complexity is reduced to the lower bound for embedded hardware to directly compute the time differential of the arriving signals using the time-to-digital converter(TDC).The results of the experiments show that the errors are controlled when the positioning algorithm is applied in various complicated situations to fulfill the requirements of engineering applications.The statistical analysis of the data reveals that the proposed UWB RTLS auto-positioning system can track target tags with an accuracy of 0.20 m.