An exploratory study on the design schemes underlying two architectural precedents is presented and discussed. The study compares the formalistic compositions of two prominent precedents on multiple levels. These leve...An exploratory study on the design schemes underlying two architectural precedents is presented and discussed. The study compares the formalistic compositions of two prominent precedents on multiple levels. These levels include the morphological, semantic, and pragmatic layers. The morphological aspects of these layers are emphasized. The study aims to identify the commonalities and differences between two cases of classical sacred architecture in terms of their morphometric and morphosyntactic structures. These cases are represented by Palladio＇s II Redentore Church and Sinan＇s Suleymaniye Mosque designs. The scope of the analysis focuses on the syntax and mathematics of the floor plans, and the facade and section of each case are referenced occasionally. Within this scope, the proportional system that regulates the compositions and eidonomy of the precedents are scrutinized. Findings resulting from the comparative analysis are reported and then discussed. The study shows that the two ostensibly different precedents share obscurely many commonalities, which are greater than what their initial appearances suggest.展开更多
The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ...The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ＂NJfftJ＂ （panli）, which has attracted academic attention both in China and abroad, can serve as an example in this regard. The concept ＇~N] fit],＂ which may have originated from Japanese kanji in the nineteenth century, was used to translate its Western counterpart. A review of the historical and modern practice of the Western European countries of England and France shows that precedent has always played an important role in achieving consensus in the legal community and guiding future rulings by means of case law. This function, which has something in common with the relevant portions of ancient Chinese legal institutions, can serve as a foundation for constructing a universal theoretical system. At the same time, the relevant Chinese institutions had specific institutional contexts and functions. By combining universal and specific functional analysis, ＂two-way functionalism＂ may be able to avoid the Western-centric approach and futile conceptual discrimination and turn towards the exploration and elucidation of functional issues, so as to eventually establish a new framework for the narrative of Chinese legal history.展开更多
In this model. the method of crass-influential analysis in multiobjective comprehensive appraisment is made to arrange economic sectors of Qingchuan county in precedent order of development. We established the system ...In this model. the method of crass-influential analysis in multiobjective comprehensive appraisment is made to arrange economic sectors of Qingchuan county in precedent order of development. We established the system on appreciatory index. and obtained the related distribution by contributing mains and related matrix. Using different programs. we arranged alphabetically the sectors of Qingchuan county in the precedent orders of development and a comprehensive analysis was given. The result is satisfactory. It provides scientific basis for making up developmental plan of Qingchuan’s economy.展开更多
Change is a word synonymous with China. Since inaugurating its reform campaign 29 years ago, the nation has seen countless examples of change, from the social, economic, political and cultural perspectives. Many of th...Change is a word synonymous with China. Since inaugurating its reform campaign 29 years ago, the nation has seen countless examples of change, from the social, economic, political and cultural perspectives. Many of these changes have been dramatic and have spawned social problems and related disputes. The 21st Century Business Herald, a leading Chinese financial news- paper, recently convened a group of eminent scholars specializing in social sciences to discuss the challenges facing China's further reform and the trend of its social development. Professor Zhou Weimin, Editor in Chief of Study Times, Yang Fengchun, Dean of the E-Government Research Center of Peking University, Professor Mao Shoulong, Faculty Director of the Department of Public Administration of the Renmin University of China, and Professor Zhen Xiaoying at the Central Institute of Socialism, give their opinions in the following excerpts:展开更多
探讨PRECEDE模式护理在老年慢阻肺急性加重期(AECOPD)住院患者中的应用效果。方法 选取120例老年AECOPD患者分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组予常规护理,观察组予PRECEDE模式护理。比较应用效果。 结果 护理后,观察组咳嗽改善时间(4...探讨PRECEDE模式护理在老年慢阻肺急性加重期(AECOPD)住院患者中的应用效果。方法 选取120例老年AECOPD患者分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组予常规护理,观察组予PRECEDE模式护理。比较应用效果。 结果 护理后,观察组咳嗽改善时间(4.58±0.94 vs 5.52±1.10 d)、咳痰改善时间(4.67±1.05 vs 5.87±1.1 3 d)、气促改善时间(3.83±0.86 vs 4.59±0.92 d)和住院时间(10.38±2.03 vs 12.34±2.31 d)少于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(3.3% vs 15.0%),反映睡眠质量的PSQI评分低于对照组(7.84±1.50 vs 10.36±1.87分),反映心理状态的SAS评分(37.80±3.75 vs 45.61±4.09分)和SDS评分(35.42±3.53 vs 43.26±3.65分)低于对照组,呼吸功能锻炼意向评分(9.15±1.60 vs 7.54±1.36分)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 PRECEDE模式护理能促进老年AECOPD住院患者康复,减少并发症,改善睡眠质量和心理状态,并且能够提高呼吸功能锻炼意向。展开更多
目的应用PRECEDE（predisposing，reinforcing and enabling constructs in educational／environmental diagnosisand evalua—tion）模式探讨影响中青年冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）患者健康行为的因素。方法根据PRECEDE模式...目的应用PRECEDE（predisposing，reinforcing and enabling constructs in educational／environmental diagnosisand evalua—tion）模式探讨影响中青年冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）患者健康行为的因素。方法根据PRECEDE模式自制问卷，便利抽样选择因冠心病首次住院的中青年（18~59岁）患者222例作为研究对象，进行问卷调查和半结构式访谈，内容包括患者一般资料、日常行为习惯以及影响健康行为的相关因素。结果影响中青年冠心病患者健康行为的因素可分为倾向因素（患者健康知识匮乏、健康信念缺失）、促成因素（缺乏健康促进相关政策、有限的社区健康教育）和强化因素（缺乏家庭成员支持及娱乐文化）。结论为更有效促进中青年冠心病患者不良生活方式的改变，健康促进应充分考虑倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素。展开更多
文摘An exploratory study on the design schemes underlying two architectural precedents is presented and discussed. The study compares the formalistic compositions of two prominent precedents on multiple levels. These levels include the morphological, semantic, and pragmatic layers. The morphological aspects of these layers are emphasized. The study aims to identify the commonalities and differences between two cases of classical sacred architecture in terms of their morphometric and morphosyntactic structures. These cases are represented by Palladio＇s II Redentore Church and Sinan＇s Suleymaniye Mosque designs. The scope of the analysis focuses on the syntax and mathematics of the floor plans, and the facade and section of each case are referenced occasionally. Within this scope, the proportional system that regulates the compositions and eidonomy of the precedents are scrutinized. Findings resulting from the comparative analysis are reported and then discussed. The study shows that the two ostensibly different precedents share obscurely many commonalities, which are greater than what their initial appearances suggest.
文摘The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ＂NJfftJ＂ （panli）, which has attracted academic attention both in China and abroad, can serve as an example in this regard. The concept ＇~N] fit],＂ which may have originated from Japanese kanji in the nineteenth century, was used to translate its Western counterpart. A review of the historical and modern practice of the Western European countries of England and France shows that precedent has always played an important role in achieving consensus in the legal community and guiding future rulings by means of case law. This function, which has something in common with the relevant portions of ancient Chinese legal institutions, can serve as a foundation for constructing a universal theoretical system. At the same time, the relevant Chinese institutions had specific institutional contexts and functions. By combining universal and specific functional analysis, ＂two-way functionalism＂ may be able to avoid the Western-centric approach and futile conceptual discrimination and turn towards the exploration and elucidation of functional issues, so as to eventually establish a new framework for the narrative of Chinese legal history.
文摘In this model. the method of crass-influential analysis in multiobjective comprehensive appraisment is made to arrange economic sectors of Qingchuan county in precedent order of development. We established the system on appreciatory index. and obtained the related distribution by contributing mains and related matrix. Using different programs. we arranged alphabetically the sectors of Qingchuan county in the precedent orders of development and a comprehensive analysis was given. The result is satisfactory. It provides scientific basis for making up developmental plan of Qingchuan’s economy.
文摘Change is a word synonymous with China. Since inaugurating its reform campaign 29 years ago, the nation has seen countless examples of change, from the social, economic, political and cultural perspectives. Many of these changes have been dramatic and have spawned social problems and related disputes. The 21st Century Business Herald, a leading Chinese financial news- paper, recently convened a group of eminent scholars specializing in social sciences to discuss the challenges facing China's further reform and the trend of its social development. Professor Zhou Weimin, Editor in Chief of Study Times, Yang Fengchun, Dean of the E-Government Research Center of Peking University, Professor Mao Shoulong, Faculty Director of the Department of Public Administration of the Renmin University of China, and Professor Zhen Xiaoying at the Central Institute of Socialism, give their opinions in the following excerpts:
文摘探讨PRECEDE模式护理在老年慢阻肺急性加重期(AECOPD)住院患者中的应用效果。方法 选取120例老年AECOPD患者分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组予常规护理,观察组予PRECEDE模式护理。比较应用效果。 结果 护理后,观察组咳嗽改善时间(4.58±0.94 vs 5.52±1.10 d)、咳痰改善时间(4.67±1.05 vs 5.87±1.1 3 d)、气促改善时间(3.83±0.86 vs 4.59±0.92 d)和住院时间(10.38±2.03 vs 12.34±2.31 d)少于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(3.3% vs 15.0%),反映睡眠质量的PSQI评分低于对照组(7.84±1.50 vs 10.36±1.87分),反映心理状态的SAS评分(37.80±3.75 vs 45.61±4.09分)和SDS评分(35.42±3.53 vs 43.26±3.65分)低于对照组,呼吸功能锻炼意向评分(9.15±1.60 vs 7.54±1.36分)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 PRECEDE模式护理能促进老年AECOPD住院患者康复,减少并发症,改善睡眠质量和心理状态,并且能够提高呼吸功能锻炼意向。
文摘目的应用PRECEDE（predisposing，reinforcing and enabling constructs in educational／environmental diagnosisand evalua—tion）模式探讨影响中青年冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）患者健康行为的因素。方法根据PRECEDE模式自制问卷，便利抽样选择因冠心病首次住院的中青年（18~59岁）患者222例作为研究对象，进行问卷调查和半结构式访谈，内容包括患者一般资料、日常行为习惯以及影响健康行为的相关因素。结果影响中青年冠心病患者健康行为的因素可分为倾向因素（患者健康知识匮乏、健康信念缺失）、促成因素（缺乏健康促进相关政策、有限的社区健康教育）和强化因素（缺乏家庭成员支持及娱乐文化）。结论为更有效促进中青年冠心病患者不良生活方式的改变，健康促进应充分考虑倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素。
