Review of precision rice hill-drop drilling technology and machine for paddy

Mechanized rice direct seeding is a cost-effective and efficient approach for rice cultivation.Recently,the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labour shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs.This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies,precision rice seeding,precision rice seed-metering devices,key supporting agronomy technologies for mechanized rice direct seeding.South China Agricultural University developed precision rice hill-drop drilling(PRHDD)with synchronous furrowing and ridging technology and series machines for paddy that affords remarkable advantages in terms of saving time and labour,higher yield,and higher efficiency.In this approach,pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil.It significantly improved the crop growth population and effectively solved the problems of high frequency of disease and pests caused by the irregular distribution of rice seeds with manual broadcasting,and generally reduces seed usage and increases the yield.Therefore,this technology has broad application prospects and great potential for promoting the development of mechanized rice direct seeding in China.

Development and experiment of rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land based on proportional speed regulation

Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in rice fields.The technique is also beneficial in improving root growth and root structure and in increasing lodging resistance.The high-yield record of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp’s first division for three consecutive years shows that rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land is one of the important directions to developed rice cultivating mechanization technology.To further improve the quality of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine for dry land,a single profiling,electro-hydraulic proportional real-time adjustment of system was developed according to the agronomic requirements.This machine can simultaneously finish various kinds of seedbed leveling,furrowing and seeding operations,as well as soil covering and pressing.Electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulation makes an AMESim simulation test and analyzes the stability and error of hydraulic adjusting planting distance.Bench testing was carried out on the metering device by simultaneously employing high speed photography technology and analyzing the relationship of the high speed of hill distance and seed charge height.Finally,machine trial was completed.The two-year field experiments of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp showed that when the machine operation speed is 2.8-3.2 km/h,the sowing depth percent of pass is 75%or higher,the qualified rate of row spacing is 80%or more,the pass rate of row spacing is 90%or higher,and the quantity per hill is 75%or higher.This machine met the various indicators of hill sowing quality requirements.

水稻精量旱穴播机穴距电液比例控制系统的设计与试验

针对目前国内水稻精量旱穴播机普遍采用多组链轮或多组齿轮改变传动比，实现株（穴）距调节，但株距调节范围有限的问题，为了增加穴距调节范围，实现穴距的无级调节，研制了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器（programmable logic controller，PLC）与触摸屏的电液比例控制系统，实时调整液压马达转速，实现播种作业的实时调节。液压系统主要由液泵、液压马达和比例流量阀等组成；控制系统通过Delt WPLSoft V2.37编程软件，编制PLC梯形图程序，采用监视与控制通用系统（monitor and control generated system，MCGS）组态软件开发出人机交互界面，可在交互界面上输入地轮直径大小和穴距，以及设定比例流量阀初始值和阈值，调整比例积分微分（proportion integration differentiation，PID）参数，并通过人机交互界面实现播种作业时的穴距调节和作业速度监测。通过台架试验和田间试验表明，在作业速度2.8～3.2和〉3.2～3.6 km/h时，台架试验穴距合格率和田间试验播种穴距合格率均为100%，满足播种要求；在作业速度〉3.6～4 km/h范围内，台架试验穴距合格率达到89%，田间试验穴距合格率为70%，根据NY/T987－2006《铺膜穴播机作业质量》农业行业标准，田间试验穴距合格率＜80%，不能满足穴播机作业质量标准。研究结果表明，水稻精量旱穴播机选用型孔轮式排种器，但田间播种作业成穴性效果受风阻、机架振动和种子下落速度等影响较大，作业速度应控制在2.8～3.6 km/h为宜，当作业速度增大对成穴性影响尤为显著。台架试验和田间试验结果都表明电液比例控制穴距系统的可行性，为播种机株（穴）距调节技术提供了科学依据，为播种机的相关设计研究提供技术参考。

水稻不同种植模式对产量的影响

在灵武市开展的水稻机插秧、精量旱穴播、常规旱条播小区种植对比试验结果表明,在3种种植方式中,水稻精量旱穴播种植,产量居第二位,但在节本增效方面表现突出。水稻精量旱穴播与机插秧相比,省时、省工、节约成本;与旱条播相比,定穴、定苗、合理密植等符合水稻生长规律,能够有效克服旱条播籽粒结实率低、易倒伏等缺点,可在灵武乃至宁夏区内推广种植。

Design and indoor simulated experiment of pneumatic rice seed metering device

In order to meet the agronomy demand for hybrid rice direct seeding,a novel precise pneumatic rice seed metering device was designed with groups of sucking holes plate,by which 3-4 seeds could be synchronously sucked and synchronously dropped into the paddy field.The plate was divided into five sections:seed sucking,seed clearing,seed carrying,seed dropping,and blank sections.The seeds were sucked in sucking section by the vacuum,carried and rotated to the dropping section with the plate,blown away in dropping section by the positive pressure air,and thrown into the dropping tube.The influences of the hole diameter,vacuum degree,and clear-up equipment on precision of metering device were discussed.Experiments were conducted to investigate the seeding precision and simulate the field emergence rates on the indoor seeding test-bed.The subjects were pregnant Indic hybrid Peizataifeng under two kinds of moisture content(23.43%and 26.07%).Other experiment conditions included the vacuum degree of 2.60 kPa,the rotation speed of seed sucking plate of 30 r/min,three sucking holes with a diameter of 1.6 mm,and the seed layer thickness of 25 mm.The seeding results showed that,in condition of no more than two seeds per hill,the emergence probabilities under the two moisture contents were 11.82%and 11.95%,respectively,and in condition of 3-4 seeds per hill,the results were 64.81%and 65.84%,respectively.With 2-5 seeds per hill,the results were 92.08%and 92.60%,respectively.If the emergence probability was 80%,under the two moisture contents,the no seed per hill probabilities were 1.33%and 0.80%respectively;the probabilities with 3-4 seeds per hill were 56.13%and 56.40%respectively;the probabilities with 5 or more seeds per hill were 10.67%and 10.13%respectively;the probabilities with 2-5 seeds per hill were 87.60%and 88.13%respectively.The results showed the simulated experiment was an efficient and economic method to assess the capability of pneumatic rice seed drilling metering device,and the precise pneumatic rice seed drilling metering device had a good prospect in practical application.