Preemptive analgesia with butorphanol in psychotic patients following modified electroconvulsive therapy A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Preemptive .analgesia involves introducing an analgesic prior to the onset of pain stimulation to prevent sensitizing the nervous system to subsequent stimuli that could amplify pain. OBJECTIVE： To treat psychiatric patients with intravenous （i.v.） injection of butorphanol prior to modified electroconvulsive therapy, and to observe its effect on alleviating myalgia after treatment and adverse reactions. DESIGN： A randomized controlled observation. SETTING： Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 120 psychiatric patients, who accepted modified electroconvulsive therapy, were selected from the Mental Health Center of Wuhan University from June to September in 2006. All patients corresponded to the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, and those with diseases of heart, liver, lung and kidney, glaucoma, intracranial hypertension, hyperthyreosis, and hyperkalemia were excluded. The patients were randomly divided into a control group （n = 60） and treatment group （n = 60）. In the control group, there were 42 males and 18 females, aged 17-50 years, with a mean age of （34 ± 11） years. The patients weighed 50-70 kg, with a mean body mass of （63 ± 18） kg. In the treatment group, there were 40 males and 20 females, aged 20-54 years, with a mean age of （36 ± 13） years. The patients weighed 48-72 kg, with a mean body mass of （64 ± 16） kg. Approval was obtained from the Hospital＇s Ethics Committee. Informed consents were obtained from the patients＇ relatives. A SPECTRUM5000Q multifunctional mobile electroconvulsive therapy apparatus （CORPERATION, USA） was used. METHODS： （1） Treatments： In the control group, the patients were anesthetized by i.v. injection of propofol （AstraZeneca, Italy, No.CN309） containing 0.075% efedrina, and then modified electroconvulsive therapy was performed. Circulation, respiration, and firing of brain electrical activity were continuously monitored. In the treatment group, the patients were i.v. injected with 1 mg of butorphanol tartrate parenteral solution （Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., No.05100732） 5 minutes prior to anesthesia; the remaining treatments were the same as in the control group. （2） Evaluations： myalgia conditions were assessed 6 hours after the patients opened their eyes. The patients were evaluated by a visual analogue scale and Ramsay sedation scale immediately, and at 3 minutes and 6 hours after they opened their eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Conditions of myalgia. （2） Scores of visual analogue scale and Ramsay sedation scale. RESULTS： All 120 psychiatric patients were involved in the final analysis. （1） Conditions of myalgia： 6 hours after modified electroconvulsive therapy, 22 patients in the control group and 1 patient in the treatment group complained of myalgia, which resulted in a significant difference between the two groups （P 〈 0.05）. （2） Scores of visual analogue scale and Ramsay sedation scale： the scores of visual analogue scale at 30 minutes and 6 hours after opening eyes were significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group （P 〈 0.05）, and the scores of Ramsay sedation scale were not significantly different between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Preemptive analgesia by butorphanol can effectively alleviate modified electroconvulsive therapy-induced myalgia, without adverse reactions.

Clinical analysis of the effect of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium on the corresponding index in cesarean section

Objective:To explore the application of parecoxib preemptive analgesia effect on maternal inflammatory factor, substance P and the stress index in cesarean section.Methods:A total of 84 cases of cesarean section in our hospital from April 2015 to February 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 42 cases each. The observation group received parecoxib sodium before anesthesia induction to 30 min, and control group was given normal saline, respectively. The venous blood samples were collected at the end of the operation, 30 min, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after operation respectively. The inflammatory factors, P substances and stress indexes were compared between the two groups before and after operation.Results:Substance P in the two groups increased at the end of 30 min after operation, and reached a high peak at 4 h after operation, and then decreased gradually. E (epinephrine) and NE (norepinephrine) reached peak values at 30 min after surgery and then decreased gradually. After the operation, the 30 min, 4 h, postoperative 8 h and postoperative 12 h, P, E and NE indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same time point, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The clinical effect of parecoxib sodium preemptive analgesia in cesarean section is better. It can effectively reduce inflammatory reaction, relieve pain, relieve stress reaction and promote postoperative recovery. It is recommended to be widely used in clinic.

Intravenous preemptive analgesia modifies the distribution of lymphocyte subsets after radical mastectomy

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of preemptive analgesia of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol on immune response in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In this prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 80 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20). The FA group (group A) patients received FA before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The tramadol group (group B) patients received tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The control group (group C) patients received saline before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The combination group (group D) patients received FA and tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. Cluster of differentiation and lymphocytes were measured. Results: The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes decreased postoperatively of all groups except of group A and D at 0.5 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes of group D were higher than those of group C at 0.5 h and 4 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preemptive analgesia using flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol may protect the immune system. The immune protective effect of FA may be better than that of tramadol. The combination of FA and tramadol may be the most effective among all the strategies.

Study on the value of parecoxib sodium preemptive analgesia for laparoscopic surgery based on postoperative pain and stress mediator secretion

Objective:To investigate the effect of parecoxib sodium preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain and stress response in patients with laparoscopic surgery.Methods:118 patients with asymptomatic gallbladder polyps who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019 were divided into the control group(n=59)and the preemptive analgesia group(n=59)by random number table.Control group received routine total intravenous anesthesia,and preemptive analgesia group received intravenous injection of parecoxib sodium 0.7mg/kg during anesthesia induction.The differences in serum levels of pain mediators[prostaglandin E2(PGE2),substance P(SP)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)],inflammatory factors[interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-12(IL-12)]as well as stress mediators[cortisol(Cor),norepinephrine(NE)and epinephrine(E)]at before surgery(T0),30min after extubation(T1),6h after surgery(T2)and 24h after surgery(T3)were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:At T0,there was no significant difference in VAS score as well as inflammatory factor or stress mediator levels between the two groups(P>0.05).At T1,T2 and T3,VAS scores of the preemptive analgesia group were lower than those of the control group;serum IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-αlevels were lower than those of the control group;serum Cor,NE and E levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Parecoxib sodium preemptive analgesia has a positive effect on reducing postoperative pain and systemic stress in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Effect of multimodal analgesia+preemptive analgesia on the postoperative recovery of elderly patients with hip replacement

Objective: To study the effect of multimodal analgesia + preemptive analgesia on the postoperative recovery of elderly patients with hip replacement, and observe its effect on the postoperative pain-related neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors and stress response. Methods: Elderly patients who received hip replacement in the hospital between February 2015 and December 2016 were selected and randomly divided into preemptive analgesia group, multimodal analgesia group and combined analgesia group. Serum levels of pain-related neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors and stress response molecules were detected before surgery as well as 6 h and 24 h after surgery. Results: Serum SP, PGE2, NO, 5-HT, ICAM-1, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, NE and MDA levels of three groups of patients 6 h and 24 h after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery, and serum SP, PGE2, NO, 5-HT, ICAM-1, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, NE and MDA levels of combined analgesia group 6 h and 24 h after surgery were significantly lower than those of preemptive analgesia group and multimodal analgesia group. Conclusion: Multimodal analgesia + preemptive analgesia can be more effective than multimodal analgesia and preemptive analgesia in reducing postoperative pain, inflammatory response and stress response in elderly patients with hip replacement.

Research Status of Preemptive Analgesia and its Application in Clinical Anesthesia

The most effective treatment for postoperative pain is to reduce it by preventing or reducing the sensitivity and sensory disturbance on the central nervous system during the operation,prolonging the pain-relief time and reducing the use of analgesics.Preemptive analgesia refers to the intervention of central neuraxis sensitization and peripheral sensitization to prevent the expansion and spread of pain,so as to achieve postoperative pain-relief.In postoperative patient-controlled analgesia,preemptive analgesia has become a common treatment method for anesthesiologists.However,the clinical specifications for advanced analgesia are still lacking.Based on this,this paper reviews the use of advanced analgesia drugs and their clinical applications.

Application of dezocine patient-controlled epidural analgesia in postoperative analgesia in patients with total myomectomy

BACKGROUND Uterine fibroids are common benign gynecological conditions.Patients who experience excessive menstruation,anemia,and pressure symptoms should be administered medication,and severe cases require a total hysterectomy.This procedure is invasive and causes severe postoperative pain,which can affect the patient’s postoperative sleep quality and,thus,the recovery process.AIM To evaluate use of dezocine in patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing total myomectomy.METHODS We selected 100 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine fibroids and randomized them into two groups:A control group receiving 0.2%ropivacaine plus 0.06 mg/mL of morphine and an observation group receiving 0.2%ropivacaine plus 0.3 mg/mL of diazoxide in their PCEA.Outcomes assessed included pain levels,sedation,recovery indices,PCEA usage,stress factors,and sleep quality.RESULTS The observation group showed lower visual analog scale scores,shorter postoperative recovery indices,fewer mean PCEA compressions,lower cortisol and blood glucose levels,and better polysomnographic parameters compared to the control group(P<0.05).The cumulative incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dezocine PCEA can effectively control the pain associated with total myomectomy,reduce the negative impact of stress factors,and have less impact on patients’sleep,consequently resulting in fewer adverse effects.

巨刺电针联合超前镇痛治疗初次单膝人工关节置换后疼痛

背景:随着人工生物材料和手术技术的不断更新进步,人工膝关节置换已成为改善膝骨关节炎患者生活质量的首选方式。但是人工膝关节置换后疼痛剧烈,目前尚无较好的治疗措施。电针治疗是缓解疼痛的低成本选择,结合超前镇痛具有广泛应用前景。目的:观察巨刺电针联合超前镇痛对膝骨关节炎患者初次行单侧人工膝关节置换后镇痛效果的影响。方法:采用随机对照设计,选择上海市光华中西医结合医院初次行单膝人工关节置换患者120例为研究对象,采用统计软件SPSS 25随机分为3组:超前电针组、术后电针组和假电针组,每组40例。超前电针组在术前1 d、麻醉诱导前30 min、术后1-3 d进行巨刺法电针治疗;术后电针组在术后1-3 d进行相同取穴和参数的治疗,术前1 d、麻醉诱导前30 min行假电针治疗;假电针组取相同穴位参数的5次假电针治疗。比较3组术后患者数字疼痛评分较术前改善情况、术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚使用量、患者术后首次使用静脉自控镇痛的时间、术后恶心呕吐例数、术后术侧大腿周径增加率和电针实施盲法成功率。结果与结论:(1)与超前电针组比较,术后第4天术后电针组和假电针组静息数字疼痛评分差值明显降低,术后第7天假电针组静息数字疼痛评分差值明显降低(P<0.05);(2)与超前电针组比较,术后第4天术后电针组和假电针组运动数字疼痛评分差值明显降低(P<0.05),术后第7天3组运动数字疼痛评分差值无显著性意义(P>0.05);(3)与超前电针组比较,术后电针组和假电针组术中瑞芬太尼用量明显增加(P<0.05);(4)与超前电针组比较,术后电针组和假电针组术后首次使用静脉镇痛泵自控镇痛的时间明显缩短(P<0.05);(5)与超前电针组比较,术后电针组和假电针组术后恶心例数明显增加(P<0.05);(6)与超前电针组比较,术后第3,7天术后电针组和假电针组大腿周径增加率明显增加(P<0.05);与术后电针组比较,术后第3,7天假电针组大腿周径增加率明显增加(P<0.05);(7)3组患者电针实施盲法成功率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);(8)人工膝关节假体具有良好的生物相容性。结果表明:巨刺电针结合超前镇痛可缓解术后急性疼痛,减少术中麻醉药量,延长术后补救镇痛时间,减轻术后不良反应,降低术后大腿周径增加率。

不同背景剂量羟考酮在腹腔镜全子宫切除术后镇痛中的效果

目的:比较不同背景剂量羟考酮用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术后镇痛的效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2023年12月择期行腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者90例(潍坊医学院附属医院收治77例,潍坊市第二人民医院收治13例),采用随机数字表法分为三组,每组30例。三组术后均进行患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA),镇痛泵药物均为0.5 mg/kg羟考酮加0.9%氯化钠配至100 mL。O1组无背景剂量,单次给药4 mL;O2组背景剂量为1 mL/h,单次给药2 mL;O3组背景剂量为2 mL/h,单次给药2 mL。记录患者术后2、4、8、12、24、48 h静息及活动时视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、48 h内补救镇痛次数、PCIA用药总量及不良反应发生情况。结果:术后4 h,O2组静息及活动时VAS评分均明显高O1组、O3组(P<0.05);术后24 h,O2组活动时VAS评分高于O1组、O3组,O3组活动时VAS评分高于O1组(P<0.05)。O2组的补救镇痛次数多于O1组、O3组(P<0.05);O2组、O3组的PCIA用药总量均高于O1组(P<0.05)。O2组、O3组的恶心、呕吐发生率均明显高于O1组(P<0.05);O3组的呼吸抑制发生率显著高于O1组(P<0.05)。结论:与1 mL/h、2 mL/h背景剂量模式相比,无背景剂量、单次给药4 mL的羟考酮PCIA模式镇痛效果确切,药物总用量明显减少,且不良反应发生率低。

对乙酰氨基酚超前镇痛复合肋间神经阻滞在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的应用

目的 分析对乙酰氨基酚超前镇痛复合肋间神经阻滞在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年9月六安市中医院收治的120例经胸腔镜行肺叶切除术的肺癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组患者于麻醉诱导前给予对乙酰氨基酚超前镇痛,观察组患者在对照组的基础上复合肋间神经阻滞。比较2组患者术后3、12、24、48 h的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分及血清β-内啡肽、前列腺素E2水平;比较2组患者麻醉诱导前、拔管后的去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、血清皮质醇(Cor)等应激反应指标及CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)等免疫功能指标;比较2组患者拔管后不良反应的发生情况。结果 2组患者术后VAS评分随时间延长逐渐增加,Ramsay镇静评分随时间延长逐渐降低,观察组患者术后各时点VAS评分均低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后血清β-内啡肽、前列腺素E2水平随时间延长逐渐降低,观察组患者术后各时点血清β-内啡肽水平均高于对照组,前列腺素E2水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者拔管后NE、E、Cor水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者拔管后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对乙酰氨基酚超前镇痛复合肋间神经阻滞应用于胸腔镜肺叶切除术,患者镇痛和镇静效果良好,有助于提高患者免疫功能,减少术后不良反应。

亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果

目的:分析亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年2月—2024年2月钦州市第一人民医院收治的80例腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者作为观察对象。根据数字列表法随机将其分为对照组与观察组,各40例。两组均给予全身麻醉,于手术结束前30 min时,观察组给予亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮,对照组给予等剂量安慰剂生理盐水。记录两组镇痛药物用量、疼痛程度、苏醒指标及不良反应。结果:术后2~24 h,观察组视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分及布托啡诺总消耗量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、睁眼时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜全子宫切除术中加用亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮辅助可显著减少患者术后的镇痛药物使用剂量,减轻疼痛,且不影响患者的麻醉恢复、麻醉效果,有助于提升患者术后的舒适性。

Effect of Preemptive Ketamine Administration on Postoperative Visceral Pain after Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery

The pain following gynecological laparoscopic surgery is less intense than that following open surgery; however, patients often experience visceral pain after the former surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of preemptive ketamine on visceral pain in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Ninety patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received placebo. Group 2 was intravenously injected with preincisional saline and local infiltration with 20 m L ropivacaine（4 mg/m L） at the end of surgery. Group 3 was intravenously injected with preincisional ketamine（0.3 mg/kg） and local infiltration with 20 m L ropivacaine（4 mg/m L） at the end of surgery. A standard anesthetic was used for all patients, and meperidine was used for postoperative analgesia. The visual analogue scale（VAS） scores for incisional and visceral pain at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, cumulative analgesic consumption and time until first analgesic medication request, and adverse effects were recorded postoperatively. The VAS scores of visceral pain in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 and group 1 at 2 h and 6 h postoperatively（P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. At 2 h and 6 h, the VAS scores of incisional pain did not differ significantly between groups 2 and 3, but they were significantly lower than those in group 1（P〈0.01）. Groups 1 and 2 did not show any differences in visceral pain scores at 2 h and 6 h postoperatively. Moreover, the three groups showed no statistically significant differences in visceral and incisional pain scores at 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. The consumption of analgesics was significantly greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3, and the time to first request for analgesics was significantly longer in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, with no statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3. However, the three groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of shoulder pain or adverse effects. Preemptive ketamine may reduce visceral pain in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

曲马多超前镇痛在局麻下胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体后凸成形术中的效果

目的:探讨术前肌注曲马多用于局麻下行经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)的超前镇痛效果。方法:自2019年8月至2021年6月收治118例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)患者,观察组59例,男26例,女33例;年龄57~80(67.69±4.75)岁;T1114例,T1212例,L118例,L215例;予PKP术前0.5 h肌肉注射曲马多100 mg。对照组59例,男24例,女35例;年龄55~77(68.00±4.43)岁;T1119例,T1211例,L117例,L212例;予肌肉注射等量生理盐水。记录两组手术时间和术中出血量,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估两组术前(T0)及术中穿刺时(T1)、放置工作套管时(T2)、球囊扩张时(T3)、骨水泥注入椎体时(T4)、术后2 h(T5)、出院时(T6)的疼痛程度;观察头晕、恶心、呕吐等不良反应,出院时询问患者对再次行PKP手术的接受度。结果:118例患者顺利完成经双侧椎弓根入路PKP术,术中均未使用静脉镇静镇痛药物。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组T1、T2、T3、T4、T5时的VAS较对照组降低(P<0.05);T6时的VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T6时的VAS较T0降低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对再次行PKP术的接受度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前0.5 h肌注曲马多用于在局麻下单节段胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体PKP术的超前镇痛效果明确,可增加患者术中及术后2 h的舒适度,提高患者手术满意度。

羟考酮超前镇痛方案有效性与安全性的系统评价与Meta分析

目的通过系统综述和Meta分析评价羟考酮超前镇痛方案对手术患者的有效性与安全性。方法计算机检索英文数据库(PubMed,Medline,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane图书馆)及中文数据库[中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据光盘数据库(CBM disc)及维普数据库(VIP)]纳入涉及羟考酮超前镇痛相关的各类型研究。文献检索时间为数据库建立至2023年6月30日。评价指标包括:术后患者疼痛视觉评分(VIS),术后并发症发生率。用RevMan 5.4和SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析。结果检出文献13810篇,根据纳入标准最终入选15篇文献进行系统评价,10项RCT研究进入Meta分析;共入选病例890例。与对照组(生理盐水或安慰剂)患者相比,羟考酮超前镇痛组患者术后8 h/12 h疼痛VIS评分(IV=-1.00,95%CI:-1.21~-0.78,P<0.001)、术后4 h/6 h疼痛VIS评分(IV=-1.06,95%CI:-1.50~-0.62,P<0.001)、术后24 h疼痛VIS评分(IV=-0.53,95%CI:-0.86~-0.20,P=0.002)存在显著差异,羟考酮超前镇痛组患者疼痛评分更低;两组患者术后不良反应发生率(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.17~0.7,P=0.003)存在显著差异,羟考酮超前镇痛组患者术后不良反应发生率更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论羟考酮超前镇痛方案可以广泛应用于外科手术的麻醉实践中,其有效性和安全性得到验证。具有术后患者疼痛更轻,不良反应发生更少的优势。

Intraoperative Hemodynamic and Analgesic Effects of Pre-Incisional Transversus Abdominis Plane Block during Total Abdominal Hysterectomy

Background: The efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been demonstrated in postoperative analgesia, but few studies have evaluated its intraoperative effects. We aimed to describe the intraoperative hemodynamic and analgesic effects of pre-incisional TAP block in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: Seventy women proposed for total abdominal hysterectomy indicated for uterine fibroids, classified ASA I and II were randomized in a double-blinded model to Group A (n = 35) receiving bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block with ropivacaine and Group B (n = 35) receiving bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block with normal saline, followed by general anesthesia. The variations of the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and intraoperative fentanyl consumption were studied. Results: At the arrival in the operating room, there was no significant difference in heart rate and mean arterial pressure noted in both groups. (HR: 85.38 ± 8.44 pulsations/min versus 86.30 ± 10.05 pulsations/min, p = 0.621;MABP: 94.97 ± 13.46 mmHg versus 96.36 ± 12.41 mmHg, p = 0.533). Before surgical incision, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding the heart rate and the mean arterial blood pressure. After surgical incision, both the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in the Group B. There was a significant decrease in intraoperative fentanyl requirements in the Group A compared to the Group B (293.58 ± 60.59 mcg versus 449.44 ± 71.31 mcg, p Conclusion: Pre-incisional TAP block attenuates hemodynamic responses to surgical stress and decreases intraoperative fentanyl requirements in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy.

盐酸氢吗啡酮超前镇痛对全身麻醉腔镜手术患者的作用

目的探讨盐酸氢吗啡酮超前镇痛对全身麻醉腔镜手术患者的镇痛效果。方法选取行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者98例,用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各49例。对照组实施常规麻醉,观察组在对照组常规麻醉的基础上予以盐酸氢吗啡酮超前镇痛。记录2组患者的拔管时间、清醒时间和自主呼吸恢复时间,分别于患者手术结束时(t_(1))、手术后1 h(t_(2))、手术后4 h(t_(3))、手术后12 h(t_(4))和手术后24 h(t_(5)),用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)对患者阵痛效果进行评分;于t_(0)、t_(1)和t_(2)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平,于t_(0)和t_(1)检测患者肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮和皮质醇水平,并记录患者不良反应的发生情况。结果与t_(0)相比,t_(1)、t_(2)、t_(3)和t_(4)时间点2组患者的VAS评分均升高,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);t_(1)和t_(2)时间点2组患者TNF-α、IL-10和IL-6水平均较t_(0)时升高,且观察组TNF-α和IL-6水平更低,IL-10水平更高(P<0.05);t_(1)时2组患者肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮和皮质醇水平较t_(0)均升高,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者围手术期指标和不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义。结论盐酸氢吗啡酮超前镇痛可减少全身麻醉腔镜手术患者术后躁动,缓解应激反应,减轻炎性反应,具有较好的镇痛效果。

双重超前镇痛方案在青少年全镜下内侧髌股韧带重建围术期的应用效果

目的:探讨双重超前镇痛方案在青少年全镜下内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建围术期的应用效果。方法:对2023年4月至2023年11月笔者团队收治的104例行全镜下MPFL重建的青少年复发性髌骨脱位患者进行回顾性分析,其中双重超前镇痛组47例,对照组57例。双重超前镇痛组于术前一日和手术当日进行两次超前镇痛;对照组采用传统方法进行围术期镇痛,术后根据患者疼痛程度给予相应镇痛措施。记录两组患者入院、术后返回病房时、术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h及术后首次下地时的数字分级法(Numerical Rating Scale,NRS)疼痛评分。记录各组患者的补救镇痛时间和次数以及首次完成直抬腿及下地时间,记录不良反应,出院前收集患者家属的满意度评分表。结果:两组患者入院时疼痛评分无显著差异,但术后6~48 h内,双重超前镇痛组患者NRS疼痛评分均显著低于同时间点对照组(P<0.05)。双重超前镇痛组与对照组相比补救镇痛次数更少,患者家属满意度更高,患者首次完成直抬腿时间更早,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超前镇痛组和对照组术后均无严重并发症,分别有7例(14.8%)和8例(14.1%)患者出现轻度不良反应,主要为恶心,多数于术后当日出现,均未予特殊处理即当日好转。结论:双重超前镇痛方案可以有效减轻全镜下MPFL重建青少年患者术后疼痛,加速术后康复进程,增强青少年患者及家属的康复信心,提升满意度,为未来的临床实践提供了一定参考。

地佐辛超前镇痛联合头皮神经阻滞对血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血患者的影响

目的分析地佐辛超前镇痛联合头皮神经阻滞(scalp nerve block,SNB)在高血压脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)患者手术治疗的应用效果。方法 使用随机数表法将手术治疗的76例HICH患者均分为对照组和观察组。对照组在常规全身麻醉基础上给予SNB麻醉,观察组在对照组基础上给予地佐辛超前镇痛。比较两组术前、切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率;比较两组清醒拔管时、术后6h、12h、24h、48h时的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)疼痛评分;统计两组麻醉相关不良反应发生率。结果 对照组切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的MAP、心率水平均高于术前,观察组切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的MAP、心率水平均低于对照组(P<0.001)。观察组术后6h、12h、24h、48h时的VAS评分均较对照组更低(P<0.001)。观察组不良反应发生率为5.26%,对照组为23.68%,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 地佐辛超前镇痛联合SNB应用于HICH患者手术治疗,不仅可有效维持患者围术期血流动力学稳定,还可减轻患者术后疼痛,提高麻醉安全性。

超前镇痛方案对跟骨关节内骨折患者OPG/RANKL信号通路因子表达的影响

目的 探讨跟骨关节内骨折患者采用超前镇痛方案对骨保护素(OPG)/核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)信号通路因子表达的影响。方法 回顾性选取2017年2月至2022年2月大庆油田总医院收治的跟骨关节内骨折患者100例,依据镇痛方案不同分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患者接受常规性静脉自控镇痛方案,观察组患者接受地佐辛超前镇痛联合常规性静脉自控镇痛方案。统计分析两组围手术期指标(术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、术后引流时间、住院时间),麻醉前、手术前、手术后即刻的血流动力学(平均动脉压、心率),手术前、手术后1 d的应激反应[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)],手术后即刻,手术后6 h、12 h、1 d的镇静[Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]和镇痛效果,以及手术后1 d、手术后1周的血清OPG、RANKL含量和术后并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者的术后引流量为(59.86±2.54) mL,少于对照组[(110.97±9.41) mL],术后引流时间、住院时间分别为(123.23±9.82) h、(5.61±0.45) d,均短于对照组[(178.22±9.32) h、(8.01±0.31) d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前、手术前、手术后即刻,两组患者的平均动脉压、心率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后1 d,两组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2水平均明显高于手术前,观察组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2水平分别为(5.11±1.47) mg/L、(43.15±7.51)μg/L、(32.52±5.31) ng/L、(138.11±12.68) pg/mL,均明显低于对照组[(21.42±3.44) mg/L、(87.60±13.56)μg/L、(75.77±21.35) ng/L、(144.60±15.20) pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与手术后即刻比较,两组患者手术后6、12、24 h的RSS评分、VAS评分均逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后6、12、24 h,两组患者的RSS评分、VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后1周,两组患者的血清OPG、RANKL含量均高于手术后1 d,且观察组患者的血清OPG、RANKL含量分别为(188.86±21.47)、(108.37±10.43) pg/mL,均高于对照组[(177.75±19.23)、(98.76±8.26) pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的术后并发症发生率为8.00%,明显低于对照组(32.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超前镇痛方案能够促进跟骨关节内骨折患者OPG/RANKL信号通路因子表达及患者术后康复,提高镇痛效果,减少术后并发症的发生。

氟比洛芬酯联合纳布啡超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的评价氟比洛芬酯联合纳布啡超前镇痛应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中的临床效果。方法回顾性选取2022年8月—2023年10月于洛阳市中心医院接受LC的90例患者的临床资料,依据麻醉药物的不同分为纳布啡组(A组,n=30)、氟比洛芬酯组(B组,n=30)和纳布啡联合氟比洛芬酯组(C组,n=30)。手术切皮前15 min给予超前镇痛药物,A组患者静脉输注纳布啡0.2 mg/kg,B组患者静脉输注氟比洛芬酯2 mg/kg,C组静脉输注纳布啡0.2 mg/kg和氟比洛芬酯2 mg/kg,比较3组患者术后2 h(T1)、术后4 h(T2)、术后12 h(T3)及术后24 h(T4)的视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分,Ramsay镇静评分,手术中使用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的剂量、停用药物后的苏醒时间、术后恢复质量评分[采用15项恢复质量(Quality of Recovery-15 Score,QoR-15)量表评估]、术后不良反应发生情况。结果3组患者丙泊酚用量、苏醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);C组患者瑞芬太尼用量低于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组患者T1、T2时间点VAS评分低于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);3组患者T3、T4时间点VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。3组患者T1~T4时间点的Ramsay评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。C组患者术后第1天和术后第3天QoR-15评分显著高于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。3组患者术后不良反应(恶心、呕吐、寒战、瘙痒和呼吸抑制)发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯联合纳布啡超前镇痛在LC中可以提供良好的术中镇痛效果,并且能够抑制早期术后疼痛,提高患者术后生活质量,加速康复,联合应用安全性高,可以为腹腔镜下胆囊切除患者围术期镇痛管理提供参考。