AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in s...AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in seven area health centers in Honiara. From March to June 2015, identification of eligible pregnant women in each site was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 243 pregnant women who gave written informed consent were enrolled. Standardized tool was used to record demographics, obstetric history and serology results. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were tested using point-of-care rapid diagnostic test. All HBsAg positive samples were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTSThe mean age of participants was 26 ± 6 years. The overall hepatitis HBsAg prevalence was 13.8% with higher rate (22%) reported in women between 30-34 years of age. Majority of HBsAg positive participants were Melanesians (29 out for 33). None of the pregnant women in the 15-19 years and ≥ 40 years tested positive for HBsAg. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg prevalence by age, ethnicity, education and residential location. The overall HBeAg seroprevalence was 36.7%. Women between 20-24 years of age had the highest rate of 54.5%. Low level of knowledge about hepatitis B vaccination was reputed. Overall, 54.6% of participants were not aware of their hepatitis B vaccination status and only 65.2% of mothers reported their child had been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONHepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Solomon Islands and emphasize the need for integrated preventative interventions for its control.展开更多
Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infect...Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infected, infectious, immune and none-immune pregnant women is unknown curtailing efforts to prevent mother to child transmission. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 254 pregnant women from four health centers in Mbarara Municipality. HBV status was assessed using an immunochromatographic (COMBO) kit, the type of infection;based on demonstration of anti hepB core IgM (acute infection) and total core IgG antibodies (chronic infection) and infectiousness;based on the presence of HBeAg and/or a quantitative HBV viral load ≥ 20,000 IU/mL. Immunity was determined using the COMBO kit and HBsAb quantification ELISA. One was deemed immune to HBV if HBsAb titers were ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 1.2%;33% and 67% with acute and chronic HBV respectively. 33% were infectious based on a high viral load, none had detectable HBeAg. 14% were immune;amongst whom 72% had natural exposure and 18% after vaccination. There was insufficient immunity in 11% with a majority (75%) having acquired immunity following vaccination. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is low and most of those are chronically infected. HBeAg and Hepatitis B viral load should be performed when evaluating infectiousness. Further, there is a high transmission of HBV among adults and a low uptake of the HBV vaccine in Mbarara Municipality.展开更多
目的研究探讨乙肝孕妇大三阳和小三阳状态中乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA载量、肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量及不同HBVDNA载量孕妇的肝功能水平。方法选取临清市人民医院于2020年1月—2023年1月收治的120例乙肝孕妇作为...目的研究探讨乙肝孕妇大三阳和小三阳状态中乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA载量、肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量及不同HBVDNA载量孕妇的肝功能水平。方法选取临清市人民医院于2020年1月—2023年1月收治的120例乙肝孕妇作为研究对象,根据乙肝两对半检测结果将其分为两组,即大三阳组(n=60)和小三阳组(n=60)。比较两组HBVDNA载量、肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量及不同HBVDNA载量孕妇的肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量。结果大三阳组丙氨酸转移酶水平(29.00±7.62)U/L、HBVDNA水平(5.18±1.16)×10^(4)U/mL均高于小三阳组的(26.00±2.85)U/L、(2.08±1.11)×10^(4)U/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=2.856、14.956,P均<0.05)。大三阳组的重组人几丁质酶3样蛋白1水平低于小三阳组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。伴随着HBVDNA载量上升,两组患者甲胎蛋白水平随之增加,但是在同等HBADNA载量下,两组甲胎蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论开展孕前抗乙肝病毒诊疗、孕期风险系数评估,采取科学有效的干预措施,均能够有效抑制乙肝在母婴中的传播。展开更多
目的:分析乙肝孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)载量检测在母婴传播筛查中的应用效果评估。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年1月乙肝孕妇100例进入研究,根据孕妇乙肝两对半定性检测结果分为...目的:分析乙肝孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)载量检测在母婴传播筛查中的应用效果评估。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年1月乙肝孕妇100例进入研究,根据孕妇乙肝两对半定性检测结果分为大三阳组,小三阳组和其他组,比较各组间孕妇新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA载量检测结果及1年后新生儿HBV DNA阳性率;比较不同HBV-DNA载量孕妇新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA载量检测结果。结果:100例孕妇中大三阳46例(46.00%),小三阳32例(32.00%),其他22例(22.00%)。100例孕妇中新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性共14例,宫内感染发生率14.00%。大三阳组新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性率显著高于小三阳组和其他组(P<0.05);三组间1年后新生儿HBV DNA阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05);100例孕妇中HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)37例(37.00%),10^(3)~10^(5)44例(44.00%)和<10^(3)19例(19.00%)。HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)中新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性率显著高于10^(3)~10^(5)和<10^(3)(P<0.05);HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)中平均新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA log病毒载量显著高于10^(3)~10^(5)(P<0.05)。结论:乙肝孕妇HBV-DNA载量检测对母婴传播具有重要意义,该检测有助于评估孕妇感染程度、预测婴儿感染风险,并监测治疗效果,值得推广应用。展开更多
AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 c...AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 casual blood donors, 378 voluntary blood donors and 640 pregnant women （total 3880 non-vaccinated residents of rural and metropolitan areas from all over Albania; 2354 （60.7%） male and 1526 （39.3%） female; mean age of 26.3 years） were tested during 2004-2006 for hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and antibodies to hepatitis B virus （anti-HBs） by ELISA. RESULTS： The HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence were 9.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The highest HI3sAg prevalence was evident in the younger age group, such as in schoolchildren （11.8%） and the military （10.6%）. Consequently, the anti-HBs prevalence increased with age, from 21.2% in schoolchildren （mean age： 15.7 years）, to 36.3% in pregnant women （mean age： 26.3 years） and 29.7% in voluntary blood donors （mean age： 40.1 years）. There were no significant differences between males and females. CONCLUSION： Despite the estimated two-fold reduction of HBsAg prevalence in the general population from about 18%-19% to 9.5%, Albania remains a highly endemic country （i.e. over 8% of HBsAg prevalence rate）.展开更多
Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal de...Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal deaths. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and the associated factors of viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis E (HEV) among the Egyptian pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from January to July 2017 in two selected antenatal clinics;El-shat by maternity university hospital at Alexandria city and El-Behera health insurance antenatal clinic at Damanhur city on 261 apparently healthy gravid women. Eligible women were evaluated by a questionnaire about socio-demographic data and viral serological tests were done at El-shat by maternity University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The overall HBs-Ag sero-prevalence in the pregnant women included in this study was 7 cases (2.7%) and HCV-RNA PCR was 4 cases (1.5%). Of the total study participants, none of them (0%) were anti-HEV IgM positive and 48 cases (18.4%) were anti-HEV IgG positive. According to our results, neither age of the woman, place of residence, past family history of hepatitis virus infection nor having a pet animal had any strong association to be considered as an associated factor for acquiring HEV infection. Conclusion: Although it seems that there are many improvements in the prevalence of different hepatitis viruses in the country, hepatitis viral infections are still high enough to continue their preventive programs and health education, to protect the mothers and their fetuses from the hazardous effects of these serious infections.展开更多
Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban dist...Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.展开更多
基金Supported by University Research Publication Committee(URPC),Fiji National University,No.ACT339Hepatitis B Free(HBF)Ltd,Australia,No.25 167 817 389
文摘AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in seven area health centers in Honiara. From March to June 2015, identification of eligible pregnant women in each site was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 243 pregnant women who gave written informed consent were enrolled. Standardized tool was used to record demographics, obstetric history and serology results. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were tested using point-of-care rapid diagnostic test. All HBsAg positive samples were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTSThe mean age of participants was 26 ± 6 years. The overall hepatitis HBsAg prevalence was 13.8% with higher rate (22%) reported in women between 30-34 years of age. Majority of HBsAg positive participants were Melanesians (29 out for 33). None of the pregnant women in the 15-19 years and ≥ 40 years tested positive for HBsAg. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg prevalence by age, ethnicity, education and residential location. The overall HBeAg seroprevalence was 36.7%. Women between 20-24 years of age had the highest rate of 54.5%. Low level of knowledge about hepatitis B vaccination was reputed. Overall, 54.6% of participants were not aware of their hepatitis B vaccination status and only 65.2% of mothers reported their child had been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONHepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Solomon Islands and emphasize the need for integrated preventative interventions for its control.
文摘Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infected, infectious, immune and none-immune pregnant women is unknown curtailing efforts to prevent mother to child transmission. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 254 pregnant women from four health centers in Mbarara Municipality. HBV status was assessed using an immunochromatographic (COMBO) kit, the type of infection;based on demonstration of anti hepB core IgM (acute infection) and total core IgG antibodies (chronic infection) and infectiousness;based on the presence of HBeAg and/or a quantitative HBV viral load ≥ 20,000 IU/mL. Immunity was determined using the COMBO kit and HBsAb quantification ELISA. One was deemed immune to HBV if HBsAb titers were ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 1.2%;33% and 67% with acute and chronic HBV respectively. 33% were infectious based on a high viral load, none had detectable HBeAg. 14% were immune;amongst whom 72% had natural exposure and 18% after vaccination. There was insufficient immunity in 11% with a majority (75%) having acquired immunity following vaccination. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is low and most of those are chronically infected. HBeAg and Hepatitis B viral load should be performed when evaluating infectiousness. Further, there is a high transmission of HBV among adults and a low uptake of the HBV vaccine in Mbarara Municipality.
文摘目的研究探讨乙肝孕妇大三阳和小三阳状态中乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA载量、肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量及不同HBVDNA载量孕妇的肝功能水平。方法选取临清市人民医院于2020年1月—2023年1月收治的120例乙肝孕妇作为研究对象,根据乙肝两对半检测结果将其分为两组,即大三阳组(n=60)和小三阳组(n=60)。比较两组HBVDNA载量、肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量及不同HBVDNA载量孕妇的肝功能指标、肝纤维化标志物含量。结果大三阳组丙氨酸转移酶水平(29.00±7.62)U/L、HBVDNA水平(5.18±1.16)×10^(4)U/mL均高于小三阳组的(26.00±2.85)U/L、(2.08±1.11)×10^(4)U/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=2.856、14.956,P均<0.05)。大三阳组的重组人几丁质酶3样蛋白1水平低于小三阳组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。伴随着HBVDNA载量上升,两组患者甲胎蛋白水平随之增加,但是在同等HBADNA载量下,两组甲胎蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论开展孕前抗乙肝病毒诊疗、孕期风险系数评估,采取科学有效的干预措施,均能够有效抑制乙肝在母婴中的传播。
文摘AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 casual blood donors, 378 voluntary blood donors and 640 pregnant women （total 3880 non-vaccinated residents of rural and metropolitan areas from all over Albania; 2354 （60.7%） male and 1526 （39.3%） female; mean age of 26.3 years） were tested during 2004-2006 for hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and antibodies to hepatitis B virus （anti-HBs） by ELISA. RESULTS： The HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence were 9.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The highest HI3sAg prevalence was evident in the younger age group, such as in schoolchildren （11.8%） and the military （10.6%）. Consequently, the anti-HBs prevalence increased with age, from 21.2% in schoolchildren （mean age： 15.7 years）, to 36.3% in pregnant women （mean age： 26.3 years） and 29.7% in voluntary blood donors （mean age： 40.1 years）. There were no significant differences between males and females. CONCLUSION： Despite the estimated two-fold reduction of HBsAg prevalence in the general population from about 18%-19% to 9.5%, Albania remains a highly endemic country （i.e. over 8% of HBsAg prevalence rate）.
文摘Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal deaths. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and the associated factors of viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis E (HEV) among the Egyptian pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from January to July 2017 in two selected antenatal clinics;El-shat by maternity university hospital at Alexandria city and El-Behera health insurance antenatal clinic at Damanhur city on 261 apparently healthy gravid women. Eligible women were evaluated by a questionnaire about socio-demographic data and viral serological tests were done at El-shat by maternity University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The overall HBs-Ag sero-prevalence in the pregnant women included in this study was 7 cases (2.7%) and HCV-RNA PCR was 4 cases (1.5%). Of the total study participants, none of them (0%) were anti-HEV IgM positive and 48 cases (18.4%) were anti-HEV IgG positive. According to our results, neither age of the woman, place of residence, past family history of hepatitis virus infection nor having a pet animal had any strong association to be considered as an associated factor for acquiring HEV infection. Conclusion: Although it seems that there are many improvements in the prevalence of different hepatitis viruses in the country, hepatitis viral infections are still high enough to continue their preventive programs and health education, to protect the mothers and their fetuses from the hazardous effects of these serious infections.
文摘Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.
