Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

Preparation Technology of Wuwei Xiaoke Granules

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction and preparation technology of Wuwei Xiaoke granules.[Methods]Taking the extraction rate of extract as the scoring standard,the water extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test.The influence of the proportion of pharmaceutical excipients on the molding conditions of Wuwei Xiaoke granules was investigated using granule molding rate,solubility,moisture,granularity,water-soluble extract and microorganism examination as evaluation indicators,and the optimal molding technology was optimized.[Results]The extraction technology was soaking in water for 0.5 h and heat extraction twice for 1 h each time:adding 10 times the amount of water in the first time,and adding 8 times the amount of water in the second time.The best molding technology was:extract density 1.13-1.16(55-60℃),extract:soluble starch=1:2,and 0.15%stevioside.[Conclusions]The water extraction technology and granule molding technology optimized by orthogonal test are reliable and stable,with good granular characteristics,easy oral administration and good solubility,which can maximize the comprehensive quality of Wuwei Xiaoke granules,and provide an effective reference for the preparation and production of Wuwei Xiaoke granules.

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,and N2 adsorption-desorption.Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated.The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu＋ ratio on the catalyst surface.Moreover,the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and less on the type of heat treatment atmosphere.The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures,and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis.The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.

Preparation Process of Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol Liposomes

[Objectives] To explore the optimal process for preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes. [Methods] A refractive index method was used to determine the content of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol. Using particle size distribution and encapsulation rate as evaluation indicators, the effects of hydration time, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase, granulation method, as well as thin film dispersion and reverse evaporation methods on liposomes preparation were investigated, and the optimal preparation method was selected. Single factor experiments were used to screen the drug phospholipid ratio, ultrasound time, and phospholipid cholesterol ratio, and the preparation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimal process of preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes was as below: 1 : 10 of drug phospholipid ratio, 6 min of ultrasound time, 4 : 1 of phospholipid cholesterol ratio, (60.94%±7.24%) of entrapment efficiency, (86.44±6.08) nm of particle size, (0.195±0.077) of PDI. [Conclusions] The optimal preparation process of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes selected by orthogonal experiment could effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyranotriol and reduce particle size. Moreover, the method was stable and reliable.

Sino-German Syposium on Coal Preparation Technology Held

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Advanced 3D ordered electrodes for PEMFC applications: From structural features and fabrication methods to the controllable design of catalyst layers

The catalyst layers(CLs) electrode is the key component of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Conventional electrodes for PEMFCs are composed of carbon-supported, ionomer, and Pt nanoparticles, all immersed together and sprayed with a micron-level thickness of CLs. They have a performance trade-off where increasing the Pt loading leads to higher performance of abundant triple-phase boundary areas but increases the electrode cost. Major challenges must be overcome before realizing its wide commercialization. Literature research revealed that it is impossible to achieve performance and durability targets with only high-performance catalysts, so the controllable design of CLs architecture in MEAs for PEMFCs must now be the top priority to meet industry goals. From this perspective, a 3D ordered electrode circumvents this issue with a support-free architecture and ultrathin thickness while reducing noble metal Pt loadings. Herein, we discuss the motivation in-depth and summarize the necessary CLs structural features for designing ultralow Pt loading electrodes. Critical issues that remain in progress for 3D ordered CLs must be studied and characterized. Furthermore, approaches for 3D ordered CLs architecture electrode development, involving material design, structure optimization, preparation technology, and characterization techniques, are summarized and are expected to be next-generation CLs for PEMFCs. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on possible research directions of CL architecture to address the significant challenges in the future.

Preparation and characterization of uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles

Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm and the diameter ranging from 5 to 10 μm.The backs of the circinate aggregates were regularly arranged by numerous sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a thickness of 30-80 nm and a diameter of 300-400 nm.The precursors were aggregates of sheet Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 nanoparticles,which were decomposed into ZnO by calcining in air in the range of 200-285°C,and the ZnO retained the similar special structure.The C2H5OH content had a significant effect on the formation of sheet ZnO.The centripetal force,the Van der Waals force,and the hydrogen bond were deduced as the driving forces of the formation of circinate.

Optimization of preparation process of cationic liposome nanoparticles containing Survivin-siRNA and osthol

Objective:To prepare cationic liposome nanoparticles loaded with survivin-siRNA and Cnidium monnieri based on the ability of liposomes to contain both water-soluble and lipid soluble components.Methods:The preparation technology of Osthol cationic liposomes was optimized by orthogonal test with membrane material ratio,drug lipid ratio,ultrasonic time and steaming temperature as factors.The volume ratio of HA-siRNA to protamine and the ratio of HA-siRNA protamine complex to liposome were investigated by control variable method with potential and particle size as indexes.The particle size and zeta potential were measured by potentiometric particle size analyzer,and the shape was observed by transmission electron microscope;The absorbance of different concentrations of FAM-Survivin-siRNA standard solution was measured by microplate analyzer,and the entrapment efficiency of cationic liposomes loaded with FAM-Survivin-siRNA and osthole was calculated.Results:The optimum preparation conditions of osthole loaded cationic liposomes were as follows:the ratio of membrane to material was 3:1,the ratio of drug to lipid was 1:5,the steaming temperature was 30℃,the ultrasonic time was 70 min,and the encapsulation efficiency was 78.34%.The optimum preparation conditions of osthole loaded cationic liposomes loaded FAM-Survivin-siRNA were as follows:the volume ratio of Survivin-siRNA to protamine was 1:1,Protamine complex 25μg.Add 50μL cationic liposomes.The particle size is 132.3±0.2nm,zeta potential is 43.15±0.05mv,and its shape is irregular round;According to the standard curve,the entrapment efficiency of cationic liposome nanoparticles co loaded with Survivin-siRNA and osthole was 81.34±0.041%.Conclusion:The prepared cationic liposome nanoparticles loaded with Survivin-siRNA and osthole have good encapsulation efficiency,particle size and zeta potential.

The preparation method of surfactin system

By adjusting the order of adding oil phase and water phase,it was found that the emulsion prepared by d-phase method was more stable. Compared with the traditional anionic surfactant potassium cetaceanol phosphate,it was found that the sodium subtilis lipopeptide was more efficient.

Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Separation of Basic Proteins with Coated Columns Prepared by Sol-Gel Technology

Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significant decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.

Preparation technologies for polymer composites with high-directional thermal conductivity:A review

With the rapid development of science and technology,electronic devices are moving towards miniaturization and integration,which brings high heat dissipation requirements.During the heat dissipation process of a heating element,heat may spread to adjacent components,causing a decrease in the performance of the element.To avoid this situation,the ability to directionally transfer heat energy is urgently needed.Therefore,thermal interface materials(TIMs)with directional high thermal conductivity are more critical in thermal management system of electronic devices.For decades,many efforts have been devoted to the design and fabrication of TIMs with high-directional thermal conductivity.Benefiting from the advantage in feasibility,low-cost and scalability,compositing with thermal conductive fillers has been proved to be promising strategy for fabricating the high-directional thermal conductive TIMs.This review summarizes the present preparation technologies of polymer composites with high-directional thermal conductivity based on structural engineering of thermal conductive fillers,focusing on the manufacturing process,mechanisms,achievements,advantages and disadvantages of different technologies.Finally,we summarize the existing problems and potential challenges in the field of directional high thermal conductivity composites.

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.

Refractory high-entropy alloys:A focused review of preparation methods and properties

In recent years,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have become prominent metallic materials due to their unique design strategies and excellent mechanical properties.The HEAs-inherent high-entropy,lattice-distortion,sluggish-diffusion,and cocktail effects make HEAs maintain high strength,oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance,wear resistance,and other excellent comprehensive properties,showing stronger competitiveness relative to traditional alloys.Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)are considered as a new kind of high-temperature materials with great application prospects due to their excellent mechanical properties and have the potential to replace nickel-based superalloy as the next generation of high-temperature materials.We reviewed the research status and preparation methods of RHEAs in recent years,including the metallurgical smelting,powder metallurgy,magnetron sputtering,and additive manufacturing technologies.The microstructure and phase-transformation process of RHEAs were analyzed.The mechan-ical properties and main strengthening and toughening mechanisms of RHEAs,such as solid-solution strengthening,precipitation strengthening,and the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP),were discussed,and the deformation mechanism of RHEAs was revealed.The properties of RHEAs,including high strength,oxidation resistance,corrosion and wear resistance were reviewed.RHEAs will meet the huge market demand in the engineering materials field,but there are still many challenges,such as the tradeoff between high strength and high ductility,structural design,and performance optimization of RHEAs with brittle BCC structures.We believe that this combination of knowledge may shape the future of RHEAs and break through the mutually exclusive conundrum of high strength and high toughness for RHEAs.

Chinese Technology of Coal-Water Mixture Preparation

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Controllable preparation of particles with microfluidics

This paper reviews recent development and achievements in controllable preparation of nanoparticles, micron spherical and non-spherical particles, using microfluidics. A variety of synthesis strategies are presented and compared, including single-phase and multiphase microflows. The main structures of microfluidic devices and the fundamental principles of microflows for particle preparation are summarized and identified. The controllability of particle size, size distribution, crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties, is examined in terms of the special features of microfluidic reactors. An outlook on opinions and predictions concerning the future development of powder technology with microfluidics is specially provided.

Systemic technology innovation management and analysis of other forms of IP protection

Industry 4.0 and the pandemic have caused recent changes in innovative development,economic situations,and restrictions in various companies and regions of the world,with new stricter legislation related to working conditions,hygiene standards,and health requirements.New technologies are a challenge to the transformation of problem companies and regions,as they often significantly impact economic development.Technological emissions,growing information on dementia among young people,cyber risks,and the risks of so-called advanced technologies(e.g.,bio-and nanotechnologies,Industry 4.0 tech)may raise societal concerns about technological progress.This study is part of our long-term research into technological innovation in different companies and regions.Its primary goal is to methodically emphasize the importance and role of the systemic management of technological innovation in companies and regions and analytically compare the innovation success of differently developed regions from a global perspective1.This research deals with an important aspect of technology management,namely,the processes of technological identification and the protection of related intellectual property(IP).The primary research question is:How has technological development been distributed across different regions over the last two decades?We hypothesize that Asian countries are increasingly moving away from Europe and North America in terms of technological innovation,other forms of technological IP protection,and overall access to innovation,while the focus is on the development of three non-patent forms of technological innovation protection:industrial designs,trademarks,and utility models.The results of our study reveal a significant difference in the approach to technological innovation management and the form of IP protection between so-called advanced and problem companies and regions.This study was conducted between 2018 and 2022.

Research progress in electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells

Since perovskite solar cells appeared in 2009, its simple preparation process, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and the characteristic of low cost in preparation process let it become the hot spot of both at-home and abroad. Owing to the constant efforts of scientists, the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is more than 20% now. Perovskite solar cells are mainly composed of conductive glass, electron transport layer and hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electrode parts. This paper will briefly introduce the working principle and working pro- cess about the electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells. The paper focuses on aspects such as material types （e.g., inorganic electron transport materials, organic small molecule electron transport materials, surface modified electron transport materials and doped electron transport materials）, preparation technology of electron transport layer, the effects of electron transport layer on the photo- voltaic performance of the devices, and the electron transport layer in the future research.

Full-solution-processed high mobility zinc-tin-oxide thin-film-transistors

The full solution-processed oxide thin-film-transistors(TFTs) have the advantages of transparency, ease of large-area fabrication, and low cost, offering great potential applications in switching and driving fields, and attracting extensive research interest. However, the performance of the solution-processed TFTs is generally lower than that of the vacuum-deposited ones. In this article, the full-solution processed TFTs with zinc-tin-oxide(ZTO) semiconductor and aluminium(Al_2O_3) dielectrics were fabricated, and their mobilities in the saturation region are high. Besides, the effect of the Al_2O_3 dielectrics' preparation technology on ZTO TFTs' performance was studied. Comparing the ZTO TFTs using the spin-coated Al_2O_3 dielectrics of 1–4 layers, the ZTO TFT with 3-layer Al_2O_3 dielectrics achieved the optimal performance as its field-effect carrier mobility in the saturation region is 112 cm^2/V s, its threshold voltage is 2.4 V, and its on-to-off current ratio is 2.8×105. This is also the highest reported carrier mobility of the solution-processed ZTO TFTs.

Research progress of p-type Fe-based skutterudite thermoelectric materials

Filled skutterudite is currently one of the most promising intermediate-temperature thermoelectric(TE)materials,having good thermoelectric transport performance and excellent mechanical properties.For the preparation of high-efficiency filled skutterudite TE devices,it is important to have p-and n-type filled skutterudite TE materials with matching performance.However,the current TE properties of p-type Fe-based filled skutterudite materials are worse than n-type filled skutterudite materials.Therefore,how to obtain high-performance p-type Fe-based filled skutterudite materials is the key to preparation of high-efficiency skutterudite-based TE devices.This review summarizes some methods for optimizing the thermal transport performance of p-type filled skutterudite materials at the atomic-molecular and nano-mesoscopic scale that have been used in recent years.These methods include doping,multi-atom filling,and use of low-dimensional structure and of nanocomposite.In addition,the synergistic optimization methods of the electrical and thermal transport parameters and advanced preparation technologies of p-type filled skutterudite materials in recent years are also briefly summarized.These optimizational methods and advanced preparation technologies can significantly improve the TE properties of p-type Fe-based filled skutterudite materials.