Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.

Effect of interesting games on relief of preoperative anxiety in preschool children

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of interesting games on reducing preoperative anxiety and improving compliance with anaesthesia in children.Methods:Ninety preschool-aged children undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups.The children in the control group were admitted to a general preoperative room with one parent for 15e20 min,and were then taken into the anaesthesia room.During anaesthetic induction,the nurse attracted the children’s attention using an interesting game with encouragement and attention diversion.The children’s anxiety was assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale(mYPAS)when they entered the operating room,while they were waiting to undergo s0urgery,and during anaesthetic induction.Moreover,the children’s compliance with anaesthetic induction was assessed using the Induction Compliance Checklist(ICC).Results:No statistically significant differences in the mYPAS scores were observed between the two groups upon entering the operating room(p>0.05).The mYPAS scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group while waiting for surgery and during anaesthetic induction(p<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the mYPAS scores upon entering the operating room.The children’s compliance with anaesthetic induction was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Engagement in an interesting game can reduce preschool-aged children’s preoperative anxiety and improve their compliance with anaesthetic induction.

Research on the intelligent internet nursing model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test scale for asthma management of preschool children

BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills in children and the necessity for consistent involvement of a caregiver.With the rise of digital healthcare and the need for innovative interventions,Internet-based models can potentially offer relatively more efficient and patient-tailored care,especially in children.AIM To explore the impact of an intelligent Internet care model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test(TRACK)on asthma management in preschool children.METHODS The study group comprised preschoolers,aged 5 years or younger,that visited the hospital's pediatric outpatient and emergency departments between January 2021 and January 2022.Total of 200 children were evenly and randomly divided into the observation and control groups.The control group received standard treatment in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma and the Global Initiative on Asthma.In addition to above treatment,the observation group was introduced to an intelligent internet nursing model,emphasizing the TRACK scale.Key measures monitored over a six-month period included the frequency of asthma attack,emergency visits,pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF),monthly TRACK scores,and the SF-12 quality of life assessment.Post-intervention asthma control rates were assessed at six-month follow-up.RESULTS The observation group had fewer asthma attacks and emergency room visits than the control group(P<0.05).After six months of treatment,the children in both groups had higher FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups(P<0.05).For six months,children in the observation group had a higher monthly TRACK score than those in the control group(P<0.05).The PCS and MCSSF-12 quality of life scores were relatively higher than those before the nursing period(P<0.05).Furthermore,the groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The asthma control rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TRACK based Intelligent Internet nursing model may reduce asthma attacks and emergency visits in asthmatic children,improve lung function,quality of life,and the TRACK score and asthma control rate.The effect of nursing was significant,allowing for development of an asthma management model.

Unusual manifestations of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp in a child

AIM:Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare benign lesion that may occur throughout the digestive tract.IFP is more commonly found in the antrum of the stomach in particular. It mostly affects adults at the average age of 60 years.These polyps are able to cause abdominal pain,gastrointestinal bleeding,intestinal obstruction or intussusception.In this paper we report a case of gastric TIP with unusual presenting features. METHODS:A child with gastric IFP was described and the literature was reviewed, RESULTS:A 4-year-old girl presented with fever for 2 months,arthralgia of knees and ankles,iron defidency anemia, and hypoalbuminemia.Her stool examination was positive for occult blood.The upper gastrointestinal study demonstrated a large Iobulated mass at the upper part of gastric body.Partial gastrectomy en blocwith this 5 cm×8 cm mass was subsequently performed.Pathological examination was consistent with IFP.Following the mass excision,her fever abruptly declined and disappeared together with anemia and arthralgia.She remained asymptomatic and the abdominal ultrasonography performed at the 24-month follow-up demonstrated no recurrence of the tumor. CONCLUSION:The etiopathogenesis of IFP still remains unclear,The presence of IFP throughout the gastrointestinal tract and its variable clinical appearances make it difficult to diagnose,The inflammatory symptoms found in this patient support the hypothesis of inflammatory benign lesions of IFP.

Clinical Observation on 930 Child Epilepsy Cases Treated with Anti-epilepsy Capsules

1090 cases of child epilepsy were divided randomly into two groups: the treatment group (930 cases treated with anti-epilepsy capsules) and the control group (160 cases treated with luminal). The results showed that in the treatment group, 534 cases were markedly effective, 241 effective, 96 improved, 46 ineffective, and 13 aggravated, with a total effective rate of 83.33%; while in the control group, 64 cases were markedly effective, 19 effective, 38 improved, 29 ineffective, and 10 aggravated, with a total effective rate of 51.88%. The treatment group showed an obviously higher total effective rate than that in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, cases in the two groups all had lower frequency of epilepsy attacks and shorter duration of each attack as compared with that before treatment (P<0.01), but the situation was obviously better in the treatment group. The anti-epilepsy capsules had very good effect on various types of epilepsy, especially on autonomic epilepsy and on epilepsies due to wind, phlegm, or terror as differentiated in TCM. After treatment, the recovery rate shown by EEG examination was 54.3% in the treatment group, while 38.4% in the control group, the former being obviously higher than the latter (P<0.01).

A Report for the Therapeutic Effects of Asthma Plaster in the Treatment of 139 Asthmatic Children

In June 1994, asthma plaster was developed, which has proved effective in the treatment of cold-type asthma by applying it on some acupoints, which are known to be good for asthma.

Treatment of Decortical State of Child Encephalitis with Scalp Acupuncture and the Effects on EEG and BEAM

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-recorded rhythmicelectrophysiologic activity of brain is synchronoussynthesis of postsynaptic potentials of pyramidalcells and their parietal dendrites of the cerebralcortex.Abnormal changes in EEG and brainelectrical activity mapping (BEAM) appear prior tothat in computed tomography (CT) and nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR) during the acute stage ofencephalitis,providing a scientific and

基于CHILDES语料库的3-6岁维吾尔族儿童汉语词汇偏误分析

选取新疆双语幼儿园中的80名3-6岁的维吾尔族学前儿童为研究对象,通过国际儿童语料库研究方法CHILDES,探讨学前双语教育中维吾尔族学前儿童汉语词汇偏误现象。研究发现,总体来看,维吾尔族学前儿童的汉语词汇偏误总量呈现年龄增长趋势。在汉语词汇偏误类型上,存在着词类泛用、借用别词、自创新异词、词汇误用、词汇赘余和表述残缺等六种类型,各种偏误类型随儿童年龄增长使用比例出现不同的变化。儿童认知的发展、汉语词汇、儿童词汇学习策略、语言的输入与输出是造成词汇偏误产生的可能性原因。针对偏误产生的原因,提出了辩证看待词汇偏误现象、采取补偿式汉语学习支持策略、重视高质量汉语词汇输入、对词汇偏误以积极反馈为主的教育建议。

Children’s Health, Parent-Child Activities, Using Digital Devices, and Social Competence: Serial Mediation

Background: Studies have pointed out the influence of different children’s activities and prolonged use of digital products on their social development. However, whether the parent-child activities and using digital devices were serial mediators of the relationship between children’s health and social development needs further verification. Purpose: This study explored how parent-child activities and children’s use of digital devices influence the relationship between children’s health and their social competence. Method: This study used data from Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. A total sample of 2164 participants was used in this study. Serial mediation analyses were performed using model six of Hayes’ PROCESS (2012). Results: This study found that parent-child activities and the use of digital devices can serially mediate the relationship between children’s health and social competence. Children’s health could directly improve their social competence, but it could also serially mediate social competence by increasing parent-child activities and reducing the use of digital devices. Conclusion: Childcare policy planners and parenting educators should not only call on parents to reduce the use of electronic products for their children, but also encourage parents to spend more time interacting with their children, so that children can learn social skills by interacting with others in their daily lives.

《学前教育法(草案)》中的若干法律问题

《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》现已提请审议,学前教育领域的专门法律即将出台。此次立法完善应当把握好学前教育普惠、公益的总体方向,进一步考虑学前教育的法律定位、《中华人民共和国学前教育法》的调整范围、学前教育机构的规划与举办、学前教育机构的财政保障、学前教育机构的管理体制以及教职工队伍建设等若干法律问题。通过对以上法律问题的思考,提出了对法律条文的具体修改建议,确保即将出台的《中华人民共和国学前教育法》既符合时代要求,又贴近现实需要,保障学前教育的法治化和规范化发展。

中文版口腔健康素养量表简版(HeLD-14)在学龄前儿童家长中应用的信度和效度评价

目的:评价中文版口腔健康素养量表简版(a short-form Health Literacy Dental scale, HeLD-14)在3~6岁学龄前儿童家长中应用的信度和效度。方法:2021年在北京市延庆区幼儿园通过电子问卷共调查1 479名学龄前儿童家长,了解儿童家长的一般情况、口腔健康素养相关内容。运用SPSS 21.0和Mplus 7.4软件进行统计分析,通过Cronbach’s α系数、验证性因子分析、Pearson相关分析等方法,评价量表的内部一致性信度、结构效度、校标效度和区分效度。结果:中文版HeLD-14量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.958,不同维度的Cronbach’s α系数在0.778~0.963。验证性因子分析结果显示,中文版HeLD-14量表各条目因子负荷在0.719~0.977(P<0.001),拟合指数近似误差均方根(root-mean-square error of approximation, RMSEA)为0.04,比较拟合指数(comparative fix index, CFI)为0.992,Tucker-Lewis指数(Tucker-Lewis index, TLI)为0.988,模型拟合优度良好。中文版HeLD-14量表总分及关注、理解、支持、经济负担、就医、沟通、运用维度得分均与一般自我效能感正相关,相关系数分别为0.439、0.406、0.370、0.344、0.346、0.367、0.373、0.390(P均<0.05)。HeLD-14量表得分排在前27%的高分组3~6岁儿童家长的口腔健康素养平均得分高于得分排在后27%的低分组(69.27±1.06 vs. 41.29±11.09,t=48.13,P<0.01)。结论:中文版HeLD-14量表在3~6岁学龄前儿童家长中具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为评估学龄前儿童家长口腔健康素养的工具。

14 CASES OF CHILD BRONCHIAL ASTHMA TREATED BY AURICULAR PLASTER AND MERIDIAN INSTRUMENT

Since 1992, the author has adopted auricular plaster and meridian instrument for treating child bronchial asthma, with consolidative and reliable therapeutic effects as reported in the following. General Data Of the 14 cases in the series, 9 were male and 5 female, ranging in age from 3 to 15.5 years. The shortest duration of disease was 4 months, and the longest 6.5 years. 6 cases had allergic history. Most of the cases were induced by common cold and change of the weather. The condition was mild in

TCM DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF CHILD HOOD PERSISTING PNEUMONIA -A Report of 52 Cases

According to TCM differentiation of the symptoms and signs, 52 children with presisting pneumonia were divided into the following four types: 1) deficiency of body fluid due to accumulation of heat in the lung, 2) earth failing to generate metal, 3) deficiency of the Ying and Wei systems, and 4) excessiveness of pathogens due to qi deficiency. After treatment for 2-3 weeks, 40 cases were cured, 8 improved, and 4 ineffective.

2024—2035年学前教育学龄人口及其对资源需求的预测——基于“三孩”政策的研究

在“三孩”政策全面实施背景下,本文基于第七次全国人口普查数据,使用CPPS2020软件分高、低两种总和生育率方案预测2024—2035年学前教育出生人口、学龄人口和在园幼儿数,进而测算各年份幼儿园机构、专任教师和财政投入需求。结果发现:2035年我国出生人口在高、低方案下较2024年提升99万人、减少6万人;学龄人口和在园幼儿总量整体减少,向城市集聚,到2035年在园幼儿规模为2498—2752万人,其中71%—72%就读于城镇幼儿园。从教育资源现有供给水平来看,城乡学前机构与城镇专任教师可以满足未来需求,乡村专任教师和教育经费存在大量短缺。基于此,需统筹城乡幼儿园的配置;促进城乡教师资源流动;建立各级财政分项目按比例承担学前教育经费的分担机制,加大学前的教育财政投入;财政投入更多用于人员经费和公用经费。

听处理与学龄前儿童问题行为的关系:执行功能的中介作用

目的探讨学龄前儿童听处理与问题行为的关系,并探究执行功能在其中的中介作用。方法于2021年6—8月抽取南京2342名7所幼儿园学龄前儿童,用《学龄前儿童听处理评估量表》《Conners父母问卷》《学龄前儿童执行功能行为评定问卷》对学龄前儿童进行评估,分析不同人口学特征儿童听处理、问题行为、执行功能的得分以及异常检出率的差异,同时采用多元线性回归分析影响儿童听处理总分、问题行为总分、执行功能总分的影响因素,并探究执行功能是否是听处理和执行功能的中介因素。结果性别、年级是听处理总分的影响因素(P<0.05);性别、年级、父母受教育程度及家庭经济状况是问题行为总分、执行功能总分的影响因素(P<0.05)。听处理总分(rs=0.458,P<0.05)、问题行为总分(rs=0.185,P<0.05)与执行功能总分呈显著正相关,听处理总分与问题行为总分呈显著正相关(rs=0.423,P<0.05)。执行功能在听处理与问题行为间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的33.44%。结论学龄前儿童听处理可能直接影响其问题行为,也可能通过间接影响执行功能影响问题行为。

托幼机构儿童身体活动和屏幕时间及膳食安排现状分析

目的了解我国托幼机构儿童在园期间的身体活动、屏幕时间及膳食安排现状,为掌握托幼机构卫生保健重点问题、完善管理措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2019年7月至2020年12月在我国7类地区的14个省级行政区随机抽取70所托幼机构进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:托幼机构的基本情况、儿童每日身体活动时间和屏幕时间及膳食安排等情况。使用非参数检验和χ2检验对城乡、机构性质和地域之间托幼机构的儿童一日生活安排差异进行比较分析。结果有68家托幼机构纳入研究。在儿童每日户外身体活动时间方面,公立与私立托幼机构中班、大班、班级合计的儿童每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.320、-2.454、-3.844,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构各班级儿童的每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.745、-2.401、-2.507、-4.418,P<0.05)。公立与私立托幼机构的各班级儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.740、-2.289、-2.409、-4.297,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构小班、班级合计的儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.972、-3.196,P<0.05)。在儿童每日屏幕时间方面,不同类型托幼机构各班级的屏幕时间均<60min。在儿童每日膳食方面,城市与农村托幼机构各班级的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.811、-2.684、-2.571、-4.597,P<0.05),公立与私立托幼机构大班、班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.240、-2.765,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.054,P<0.05);儿童每日摄入蔬菜、水果的托幼机构占比分别为94.1%和88.2%,存在部分托幼机构儿童每日摄入含糖饮料的情况;城市与农村托幼机构的儿童每日摄入乳类及乳制品的占比比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.029,P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童在园期间普遍存在每日总身体活动时间不足的情况,公立、北方托幼机构的儿童还存在每日户外活动时间不足的问题。部分托幼机构的儿童饮水量未达到《中国学龄前儿童膳食指南(2016)》的推荐要求,农村托幼机构乳制品供应情况较差。托幼机构应关注现有园内对儿童生活一日安排的不足之处,与家长一起培养儿童良好的生活习惯。

阻断阻力肺功能检查在学龄前儿童哮喘诊断中应用的单中心研究

目的探讨阻断阻力(interrupter resistance,Rint)肺功能检查对学龄前儿童哮喘的诊断价值,同时对比Rint肺功能检查和脉冲振荡(impulse oscillometry,IOS)对哮喘的诊断意义。方法前瞻性收集2022年7月—2023年11月收治的4~<6岁反复喘息儿童108例为研究对象,根据结局分为哮喘组(n=61)和非哮喘组(n=47)。对2组患儿的Rint、IOS肺功能参数等进行分析,并比较两者的可行性及价值。结果哮喘组中Rint实测值/预计值百分比、Rint实测值改善率、Rint预计值改善率高于非哮喘组(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征曲线结果显示,Rint预计值改善率诊断学龄前儿童哮喘的最佳截断值为32.0%,曲线下面积为0.705,灵敏度为41.0%,特异度为91.5%(P<0.05)。在完成度方面,有18例(16.7%)患儿未能完成IOS检查,但是可以顺利完成Rint肺功能检查,且质控良好。Rint肺功能检查及IOS各参数对学龄前儿童哮喘诊断的曲线下面积比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Rint肺功能检查可用于辅助诊断学龄前儿童哮喘,其诊断价值与IOS相当,且具有较高的可行性。支气管舒张试验提示Rint预计值改善率≥32%可作为哮喘诊断的截断值。

学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的家庭环境影响因素及对策研究

为探究家庭环境影响因素,特别是亲子陪伴与父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的影响,文章收集常州市新北区5812名3~6岁儿童的健康监测数据进行统计学分析。结果发现,学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露现象较普遍,平均屏幕暴露时长≥1小时/天的儿童共1861人(32.0%);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制年龄、性别、家庭收入、家庭结构等因素后,儿童使用电子设备的数量、父母对儿童使用电子设备的支持态度、亲子陪伴时长、亲子互动时电子设备使用情况、对儿童漠不关心均为学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露的危险因素(OR值分别为1.08、2.30、1.04、1.21、1.26,P均<0.05)。家庭环境因素对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露有显著影响,在家庭养育层面上,应更多关注亲子陪伴并加强父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度,为有效降低学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露发挥积极作用。

正念教养与学前儿童问题行为的关系:亲子关系与心理弹性的链式中介

本研究基于发展情境论与资源保存理论考察正念教养对学前儿童问题行为的影响及其作用机制。采用正念教养问卷、亲子关系量表、第二版Devereux幼儿心理弹性评估量表及长处与困难问卷对27所幼儿园的1712名学前儿童及其家长进行调查。结果显示:(1)正念教养显著预测学前儿童内化问题行为、外化问题行为;(2)亲子亲密、亲子冲突与心理弹性分别在正念教养与学前儿童内化问题行为、外化问题行为中起独立中介作用;(3)亲子亲密、亲子冲突与心理弹性在正念教养与内化问题行为、外化问题行为中起链式中介作用。本研究可为预防与干预学前儿童问题行为提供一定的理论参考。

大班幼儿眼中的“小学”——基于儿童视角的幼小衔接

大班幼儿是幼小衔接的主体,了解他们的认知和需求是做好幼小衔接工作的前提。以42名大班幼儿(在教师的带领下参观过小学)的绘画作品“我心目中的小学”为载体,并逐一访谈,运用NVivo12软件对其绘画作品和访谈资料进行编码分析。结果显示,幼儿眼中的“小学”主要涉及入学准备、校园环境、人际交往、学习与生活5个方面。大班幼儿对“小学”有独特的认知:期待与担忧并存的心理认知、渴望奔跑与跳跃的身体认知、建立良好人际关系的社会认知、期盼与困惑共存的学习认知、自理与独立的生活认知。在幼小衔接过程中,教师和家长要立足儿童视角,增进幼儿心身适应能力;建立平等关系,提高幼儿社会适应能力;关注学习品质,增强幼儿学习适应能力;强化自我管理意识,提升幼儿生活适应能力。