Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth：A Population-based Case-control Study in Wuhan,China

Low birth weight（LBW） and preterm birth（PB） are associated with newborn mortality and diseases in adulthood.We explored factors related to LBW and PB by conducting a population-based case-control study from January 2011 to December 2013 in Wuhan,China.A total of 337 LBW newborn babies,472 PB babies,and 708 babies with normal birth weights and born from term pregnancies were included in this study.Information of newborns and their parents was collected by trained investigators using questionnaires and referring to medical records.Univariate and logistic regression analyses with the stepwise selection method were used to determine the associations of related factors with LBW and PB.Results showed that maternal hypertension（OR=6.78,95% CI：2.27–20.29,P=0.001）,maternal high-risk pregnancy（OR=1.53,95% CI：1.06–2.21,P=0.022）,and maternal fruit intake ≥300 g per day during the first trimester（OR=1.70,95% CI：1.17–2.45,P=0.005） were associated with LBW.BMI ≥24 kg/m^2 of mother prior to delivery（OR=0.48,95% CI：0.32–0.74,P=0.001） and gestation ≥37 weeks（OR=0.01,95% CI：0.00–0.02,P〈0.034） were protective factors for LBW.Maternal hypertension（OR=3.36,95% CI：1.26–8.98,P=0.016）,maternal high-risk pregnancy（OR=4.38,95% CI：3.26–5.88,P〈0.001）,maternal meal intake of only twice per day（OR=1.88,95% CI：1.10–3.20,P=0.021）,and mother liking food with lots of aginomoto and salt（OR=1.60,95% CI：1.02–2.51,P=0.040） were risk factors for PB.BMI ≥24 kg/m^2 of mother prior to delivery（OR=0.66,95% CI：0.47–0.93,P=0.018）,distance of house from road ≥36 meters（OR=0.72,95% CI：0.53– 0.97,P=0.028）,and living in rural area（OR= 0.60,95% CI：0.37–0.99,P=0.047） were protective factors for PB.Our study demonstrated some risk factors and protective factors for LBW and PB,and provided valuable information for the prevention of the conditions among newborns.

Maternal and obstetric risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth in rural Gambia: a hospital-based study of 1579 deliveries

Introduction: Low birth weight and prematurity are risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality, which is high in Sub Saharan African countries. We determined the frequency of and maternal and obstetric risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth among hospital births in rural Gambia. Method: We performed a hospital-based retrospective analysis of deliveries from July to December 2008 in two rural hospitals. Maternity records were reviewed and abstracted of the mother’s demographic and reproductive characteristics, obstetric complications and foetal outcome. The maternity records contain important information maternal health and complications during pregnancy and intrapartum period. The records also contain information about the newborn’s vital status and birth weight. To determine the association between low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and maternal demographic characteristics and obstetric complications we calculated odds using logistic regression. Main outcome measure(s): Low birth weight (<2500 grams) and preterm birth (<37 weeks). Results: Our final sample included 1244 singleton live births with complete information about all variables. The rate of LBW and PTB were 10.5% and 10.9% respectively. Ninety-four percent of LBW infants were estimated to be preterm births. The mean birth weight was 3013 g (541 g standard deviation-SD), while the mean gestational age was 37 weeks. The pattern of risk factors was similar for LBW and PTB and both were strongly associated with antepartum haemorrhage and hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Additionally, primi parity was a risk factor for both PTB and LBW. Conclusion: The percentage of low birth weight and preterm birth in rural hospitals in The Gambia is high. The most significant risk factors were those that may be detected during the antepartum period. Thus, vigilant monitoring during pregnancy, early detection and management of obstetric complications coupled with provision of timely obstetric care interventions are crucial for

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Premature Infants with Extremely Low and Very Low Birth Weight at Three Years of Age: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify medical conditions impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants at three years of age. Methods: Infants born in Banner Diamond Children’s University Medical Center, receiving services in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit, and attending Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up Clinic were identified. Participants received developmental assessment and follow-up from August 2012 through December 2018. Relevant clinical conditions during initial hospital stay and up to three years of age were obtained by reviewing medical and developmental records. Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Bayley III) was used to evaluate skill development at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 months. Results: Data analysis did not reveal significant p-values;it did demonstrate that some predictor variables impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in cognitive, language and motor skill development. Conclusion: This retrospective study reports significant association between birth weight and low cognitive scores. Correlations were also found between gestational age and Total Language, and the longer an infant stayed in the NICU, the poorer the Total Language Scaled Scores at 8 to 12 months, 15 to 18 months, and 24 to 36 months. Birth weight was found to be the greatest predictor of poor motor scores.

Effect of Aggressive Early High-Dose Intravenous Amino Acid Infusion and Early Trophic Enteral Nutrition on Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are at risk of growth delay if they do not receive adequate nutritional support. This study evaluated the effect of aggressive early high-dose amino acid infusion plus early enteral trophic feeding on growth in VLBW infants within the first day of life. Study Design: The effect of a high-dose 3 g amino acid (HAA)/kg/d regimen beginning on the first day of life was compared with that of low-dose amino acid (LAA) supplementation at a dose of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/d. The primary outcome measures were the days of regained birth weight and achieved full enteral feeding. Result: Compared with the 19 infants in the LAA group, the 17 infants in the HAA group achieved significantly earlier full enteral feeding (7.8 ± 3.6 vs. 15.2 ± 8.9, p = 0.003) and regained birth weight (13.3 ± 3.8 vs. 17.5 ± 7.9, p = 0.047). In addition, shorter parenteral nutrition time was achieved by HAA administration (p Conclusion: Aggressive early simultaneous amino acid administration plus enteral feeding during the first few days of life for preterm infants was associated with improved weight gain and earlier full enteral feeding.

Follow-Up Profile and Outcome of Preterms Managed with Kangaroo Mother Care

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is effective in preventing hypothermia, establishing breastfeeding, and reducing nosocomial infection in preterm babies in resource-limited areas. Relatively little is known about long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes among Ethiopian infants managed with KMC. Aims: To describe the follow up profiles and outcome of infants managed with KMC and discharged alive. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study examined outcomes among infants who were 1) managed by KMC at Black Lion Hospital, 2) discharged alive, and 3) available for follow-up. Structured, pretested questionnaires were administered to mothers. Results: Of the 110 infants included in the study, 9.1% died over the study period and 60% of the deaths occurred at home. Mortality was 100% in those babies with mothers aged less than 18 years. Thirty five percent of the deaths occurred in those from rural location. Common medical problems identified in study subjects were respiratory infections (10%), gastroenteritis (7%), rickets (7%), and anemia (6%). About 20% of infants were readmitted to hospital at least once. KMC initiation within one week was not found to be significantly associated with survival, but continued KMC after discharge significantly decreased mortality in our sample. Conclusion: Frequent follow up is very important especially those with teenage mothers and coming from a rural location. Follow up should be frequent in the first 2 months after discharge. Further research is needed to explore the determinants of mortality and morbidity after hospital discharge.

Pregnancy outcomes and risk factors for low birth weight and preterm delivery among HIV-infected pregnant women in Guangxi, China

Background Six provinces in China accounted for 70%-80% of all reported HIV/AIDS cases in the country in 2009 and five provinces accounted for 78% of all reported mother-to-child transmission （MTCT） of HIV cases. Because Guangxi belonged to both groups, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission （PMTCT） Plus program was established there to understand better low birth weight （LBW） and preterm delivery （PD） birth outcomes and their associated risk factors better. Methods Pregnancy outcomes were examined among HIV-infected pregnant women who enrolled in the PMTCT Plus program from June 2006 to February 2009 in Guangxi, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors associated with LBW （〈2500 g） and PD （gestational age 〈37 weeks）. Results The prevalence of LBW and PD among 194 HIV-positive mothers was 19.6% （38/194） and 9.8% （19/194）, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CD4 cell count 〈100 cell/IJI （multivariate-adjusted odds ratio （AOR） 5.52; 95% Cl 1.11-25.55） and CD4 cell count 100-199 cells/IJI （AOR3.40; 95% Cl 1.03-11.25, compared to CD4 cell count 〉350 cells/IJI）, gestational age 〈37 weeks （AOR 4.38; 95% Cl 1.29-14.82, compared to 〉37 weeks）, maternal weight 〈45 kg （AOR 5.64; 95% Cl 1.09-29.07） and maternal weight 45-54 kg （AOR 3.55; 95% CI 1.31-9.60, compared to 〉55 kg） at enrollment, and H IV RNA 〉100 000 copies/ml at enrollment （AOR 4.22; 95% CI 1.24-14.32） and 20 000-99 999 （AOR 2.77; 95% Cl 1.01-7.77, compared to 〈20 000 copies/ml） were associated with a higher risk of LBW. For PD, only maternal injection drug use as the route of HIV transmission （AOR 5.30; 95% Cl 1.33-21.14, compared to those infected with HIV through sexual transmission） was significantly associated with a higher risk of PD. Conclusions Lower CD4 cell count and higher HIV RNA viral load at enrollment were associated with LBW. Optimal antenatal care, including earlier antenatal screening and HIV diagnosis, is critical to earlier PMTCT prophylaxis and/or HIV treatment to prevent transmission of HIV to the infant and also to prevent LBW pregnancy outcomes.

新生儿败血症的临床特征及其相关因素研究

目的分析新生儿败血症(NS)的临床特征,并探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2022年6月商丘市第一人民医院5420例新生儿临床资料,将其中发生NS的52例患儿的临床资料纳入发生组,将未发生NS的5368例新生儿临床资料纳入未发生组。查阅资料记录新生儿围产期情况及实验室相关指标情况;收集并记录52例NS患儿的临床表现及病原菌分离鉴定结果。分析NS的临床特征及其相关因素。结果52例NS患儿临床表现主要以体温改变、反应差、黄疸等症状为主;NS患儿的致病菌以表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主;两组新生儿胎龄、出生体重比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic多因素分析发现,极早产儿(OR=3.594,95%CI:1.997-6.468)、极低出生体重儿(OR=3.724,95%CI:2.071-6.698)、超早产儿(OR=2.244,95%CI:1.158-4.346)、超低出生体重儿(OR=15.111,95%CI:8.286-27.557)是发生NS的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论NS患儿临床表现主要以体温改变、反应差、黄疸等症状为主,致病菌以表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主;极早产儿、超早产儿、极低体重儿、超低出生体重儿是NS发生的影响因素。

超早产儿获得性巨细胞病毒感染的临床检测及分析

目的探讨获得性巨细胞病毒感染在超早产儿中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析本院新生儿科2023年7月1日至9月15日送检的1072例新生儿血清样本的巨细胞病毒相关抗体检测结果。结果1072例样本中有2例患儿确诊获得性巨细胞病毒感染。该2例患儿均为超早产儿(胎龄24~27+6周)、超低出生体重儿(750~999 g),均以血小板降低为首发表现,1例为输血获得性巨细胞病毒感染,另1例为母乳获得性巨细胞病毒感染。结论在超早产儿这类特殊人群中,输血治疗时需警惕输血获得性巨细胞病毒感染,同时也要谨防母乳获得性巨细胞病毒感染,必要时经巴氏消毒后再喂养。

胎龄<32周极低出生体重儿初始无创通气失败的影响因素分析:一项多中心回顾性研究

目的研究胎龄<32周极低出生体重儿初始无创通气(non-invasive ventilation,NIV)失败相关危险因素及不良预后。方法回顾性收集2019年1月—2021年12月江苏省28家三级医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)收治的早产儿的临床资料,依据生后初始NIV结局分为成功组和失败组,分析NIV失败危险因素及不良预后。结果共纳入817例患儿,男性453例(55.4%),失败139例(17.0%)。失败组胎龄、出生体重、1 min和5 min Apgar评分均低于成功组(P<0.05)。失败组入NICU诊断呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)比例、NIV最大呼气末正压,以及初始NIV全过程中达到所需最高吸入气氧浓度(fraction of inspired oxygen,FiO2)≥30%、≥35%、≥40%比例均高于成功组(P<0.05)。胎龄(OR=0.671,95%CI:0.581~0.772)、入NICU诊断RDS(OR=1.955,95%CI:1.181~3.366)和初始NIV全过程中达到所需最高FiO2≥30%(OR=2.053,95%CI:1.106~4.044)是胎龄<32周极低出生体重儿初始NIV失败的危险因素(P<0.05)。失败组住院期间并发肺部感染、气胸、早产儿视网膜病、中重度支气管肺发育不良、重度脑室内出血的发生率,以及住院时长和总费用均高于成功组(P<0.05)。结论小胎龄、入NICU诊断RDS以及初始NIV全过程中达到所需最高FiO2≥30%是胎龄<32周极低出生体重儿初始NIV失败的高危因素,初始NIV失败将显著增加该人群不良结局的风险。

达芬奇Xi手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗早产低体重儿十二指肠梗阻:全球首例报道(附手术视频)

本文报道了2023年4月武汉大学中南医院小儿外科应用达芬奇Xi手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻1例,术中同时完成两处异位胰腺病灶切除。患儿胎龄35-1w,剖宫产,出生体重2090 g,出生后50 h进行手术。手术机器人操作时间76 min,术中出血量约5 ml,术后6 d试进水,术后8 d开奶,并逐步恢复至母乳喂养,间断复查腹部彩超3次,未见明显异常,术后16 d痊愈出院。

降低新生儿重症监护室极低出生体重早产儿抗生素使用时间的质量改进研究

目的应用质量改进的方法,制定降低新生儿重症监护室极低出生体重(very low birth weight,VLBW)早产儿抗生素使用时间的有效措施,以减少抗生素的使用。方法以住院VLBW早产儿为研究对象,以2020年11月—2021年6月VLBW早产儿住院期间抗生素使用时间占住院时间百分比作为基线值,以降低抗生素使用时间占住院时间百分比为具体质量改进目标。应用帕累托图分析影响早产儿抗生素使用时间的因素。根据抗生素使用的各个环节构建关键驱动图,确定质量改进的关键环节和具体的干预措施。通过运行图监测VLBW早产儿抗生素使用时间占住院时间百分比的变化直至达到质量改进目标。结果2020年11月—2021年6月VLBW早产儿抗生素使用时间占住院时间百分比在质量改进前为49%(基线值),设定质量改进目标为12个月内将该百分比降低10%。帕累托图分析显示影响早产儿的抗生素使用时间的主要因素为:抗生素使用不规范;无感染证据时未及时停用抗生素;中心静脉置管留置时间长;袋鼠式护理应用不足;肠内营养进程延迟。质量改进采取的干预措施包括:(1)制定败血症评估管理规范;(2)对医护人员进行关于早产儿抗生素合理使用的宣教;(3)查房时监督抗生素使用规范的执行性;(4)无明确感染表现且血培养阴性者,抗生素使用36 h后停止使用;(5)减少中心静脉置管及肠外营养时间,降低早产儿感染风险。控制图显示,随着干预措施的实施,VLBW早产儿抗生素使用时间占住院时间百分比由49%降低至32%,具有统计学意义。结论应用基于统计原理、过程控制的质量改进工具及质量改进措施后,VLBW早产儿的抗生素使用时间可得到显著降低。

睡眠家庭养育干预对早产儿和低出生体重儿生长发育的效果评价

目的观察和分析睡眠家庭养育干预对早产儿和低出生体重儿生长发育的干预效果,为临床指导早产儿和低出生体重儿生长发育提供参考依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照方法。研究对象为2021年10月至2022年7月在四川省泸州市妇幼保健院出生的早产儿和低出生体重儿。共纳入120例早产儿和低出生体重儿,98例完成随访,其中对照组48例,干预组50例。对照组早产儿和低出生体重儿接受常规家庭养育,干预组在对照组的基础上接受特定的睡眠家庭养育干预,两组均于0~4月龄接受体格测量,第1~4月龄接受神经心理发育量表评估,并对两组结果进行分析和评价。结果干预组与对照组1~4月龄身长、体重增长差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),4月龄时干预组发育商、适应性、语言、社交评分均高于对照组(P<0.05),两组间大运动、精细运动评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论睡眠家庭养育干预可以提高早产儿和低出生体重儿婴儿早期总的发育商,对适应性、语言和社交分维度影响明显,但对大运动、精细运动无影响。

早产/低出生体重婴儿特殊医学用途配方食品注册相关问题的考虑

世界卫生组织,欧洲儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学学会,美国儿科学会及国内的多个指南及专家共识就早产/低出生体重婴儿的肠内营养需求提供了推荐意见和相应的循证医学证据,相关临床营养研究也取得了较大进展。根据早产/低出生体重婴儿营养需求设计的特殊医学用途配方食品为肠内营养支持提供了必要时的选择。本文综述早产/低出生体重婴儿营养需求相关研究进展以及主要类别产品的临床使用,分析存在的问题,并基于当前共识情况,探讨早产/低出生体重婴儿的特殊医学用途配方食品注册上市需充分考虑的产品科学、安全相关问题,为产品研发和注册提供参考。

初乳口腔免疫治疗对极低出生体重早产儿经口喂养能力及肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨初乳经口免疫疗法(C-OIT)在极低出生体重早产儿(VLBWI)支持治疗中的应用效果。方法选择2021年4月至2023年3月江苏省宿迁市第一人民医院儿科收治的VLBWI 123例,采用随机数字表法分为C-OIT组(n=62)、对照组(n=61)。C-OIT组给予初乳口腔免疫治疗,对照组给予生理盐水口腔免疫治疗。治疗7 d,比较两组早产儿经口喂养能力(PIOFRA)、肠道菌群、喂养效果、喂养并发症。结果C-OIT组喂养前早产儿状态、吸吮能力、吞咽能力、喂养过程中维持生理稳定的能力、PIOFRA总分高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌高于对照组,大肠杆菌低于对照组(P<0.05);开始经口喂养时间、完全经口喂养时间、恢复出生体重时间短于对照组(P<0.05);喂养并发症22.58%低于对照组40.98%(χ^(2)=4.809,P<0.05)。结论C-OIT能够提高极低出生体重早产儿PIOFRA,调节肠道菌群,提高喂养效果,减少VLBWI喂养并发症的发生。

强制婚检取消前后不良妊娠结局及其危险因素暴露比较

目的：评价婚检政策变化对妇女孕早期危险因素暴露及母婴健康的可能影响。方法：回顾调查浙江、江苏22个县市2001年1月～2005年12月间分娩的孕产妇，共484783例。采用单变量统计分析方法，比较2003年前后某些危险因素的暴露频率、新生儿早产、新生儿低体重及肉眼可见畸形的发生率。结果：新生儿早产发生率出现波动，趋势尚不明显；新生儿低体重及肉眼可见畸形的发生率2003年后较2003年前有不同程度的上升。2003年后孕前6月内服用避孕药物、孕早期服用可疑致畸药物、接触放射线及饮酒的比例较2003年前明显增加；孕早期风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒等病原体感染的检出率2003年后也有所上升。低龄及高龄孕产妇的比例也不断上升。结论：强制婚检的取消增加了妇女危险因素暴露的机会，对妊娠结局有不利影响。

IVF/ICSI双胎妊娠新生儿结局及双胎妊娠影响因素分析

目的:比较IVF/ICSI中单双胎妊娠后新生儿结局,并探讨影响双胎妊娠的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年3月在我中心行IVF/ICSI治疗,单双胎妊娠共1 026例纳入研究。结果:早期流产率,早期妊娠丢失率单胎组显著高于双胎组(16%vs 5.41%;16%vs 6.98%),晚期流产率单胎组显著低于双胎组(1.93%vs 7.12%),单双胎组整个孕期的总妊娠丢失率没有显著差异。双胎组早产率显著增加(9.19%vs 41.89%),足月抱婴率显著降低(56%vs 37.89%),但是总抱婴率双胎组显著高于单胎组;出生低体重儿双胎组显著增加(1.2%vs 14.8%),出生缺陷儿单双胎组无差异。女方年龄和移植胚胎数在单双胎妊娠组有显著差异。结论:双胎妊娠显著增加晚期流产及早产儿和低体重儿风险。女方年龄和移植胚胎数目是双胎妊娠的危险因素。

孕妇牙周病中牙龈卟啉单胞菌和血清炎性因子与早产低体重儿的关系

目的探讨孕妇牙周病中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis)检出情况、血清炎性因子与早产低体重(PLBW)的关系。方法通过严格筛查分别选取分娩出早产低体重儿的产妇(PLBW组)和正常分娩的产妇各30例(对照组),对其牙周状况进行检查,记录菌斑指数(PI)、出血指数(BI)、探诊深度(PD)及临床附着丧失水平(CAL),并采集产妇龈下菌斑、静脉血和脐带血,采用16SrRNAPCR法检测菌斑中P.gingivalis,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和前列腺素E(2PGE2)水平。结果PLBW组牙周状况较差,P.gingivalis在PLBW组和对照组中检出率分别为56.7%和30.0%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牙周病变程度、P.gingivalis检出率与胎儿孕周和出生体重均呈弱负相关(P<0.05)。PLBW组静脉血和脐带血中IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2水平均较对照组高;PLBW组内患有牙周病者静脉血中IL-1β、PGE2含量高于牙周健康者(P<0.01)。结论孕妇牙周感染可能是导致早产低体重儿的原因之一。

孕妇牙周病与早产和低出生体重儿的相关性研究

目的:探讨孕妇牙周病与早产和低出生体重儿之间的相关性。方法:收集年龄在22~40岁的孕妇213例,在孕期26周前做系统牙周检查,检测菌斑、探诊出血指数、探诊深度和临床附着丧失,将受试者分为3组:健康组63例、牙龈炎组74例、牙周炎组76例。追踪观察至其分娩,并记录生产时间和新生儿体重。结果:孕妇牙周病早产发生率和低体重率均显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇牙周病与早产之间存在相关性。

低出生体重儿学龄期体格发育的随访研究

[目的]了解6～12岁低出生体重儿童体格发育状况和营养状况，并探讨低出生体重对早产儿和足月小样儿学龄期生长发育的影响。[方法]采用出生队列结合巢氏病例对照方法，铜陵市某医院于2006年6月对1994年6月-2000年6月间建立的出生队列随访了101例出生体重低于2500g的单胎低出生体重儿作为研究对象的观察组，按照1：1匹配在同队列中选择对照。通过问卷调查研究对象的人1：3统计学特征及家庭环境状况，测量身高、体重等指标评价其6～12岁生长发育状况。[结果]直至学龄期足月小样儿的身高、体重和坐高均落后于同龄儿童，且中度和轻度营养不良的发生率也较早产低体重组高。早产低出生体重儿童体重和胸围的发育也较同龄足月正常出生体重儿童低。[结论]早产低出生体重儿和足月小样儿可能具有不同的生长潜能；加强孕期营养和保健，开展针对低出生体重儿生命早期干预，对改善儿童生长发育状况具有积极意义。

孕产妇牙周疾病与早产低体重儿相关性分析

目的:研究孕产妇牙周疾病与早产低体重儿的相关性。方法:采用横断面调查的方法,根据随机原则并按照纳入标准抽取2006-05～2007-02间在湖北省妇幼保健院进行生产的已作婚姻登记的,并且孕前1年内及孕期未曾患有下生殖泌尿系统性疾病的妇女432名。调查方法包括问卷和临床检查:调查问卷为被调查人员相关情况的结构式问题调查;牙周检查项目包括软垢指数、龈沟出血指数、牙周袋探诊深度及临床附着丧失水平等,同时记录新生儿体重和分娩时孕周。运用卡方检验及Logistic回归分析的统计学方法对数据进行分析。结果:分娩出早产低体重儿的孕产妇53名,占12.3%;正常分娩的孕产妇379名,占87.7%。早产低体重组孕产妇牙龈炎的患病率为86.6%,牙周炎的患病率为64.2%,正常分娩组的分别为73.6%和32.7%。患有牙龈炎孕产妇分娩出早产低体重儿的OR值为1.30,95%CI为0.53～3.22;患有牙周炎的孕产妇分娩出早产低体重儿的OR值为2.69,95%CI为1.37～5.27。结论:孕产妇牙周疾病是引起早产低体重儿的主要危险因素之一。