Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is associated with socioeconomic status.However,due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies,it is challenging to definitively establish causality.AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE.We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR(MVMR)analyses based on the IVW MVMR model.Furthermore,a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index,major depressive disorder(MDD),smoking,alcohol consumption,and sleep duration.RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD.These included household income[odds ratio(OR):0.46;95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.31-0.70],education attainment(OR:0.23;95%CI:0.18-0.29),and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment(OR:1.57;95%CI:1.04-2.37).These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD.Furthermore,the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD(proportion mediated:10.83%).Similarly,the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD(proportion mediated:10.58%)and the number of cigarettes smoked per day(proportion mediated:3.50%).Additionally,the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration(proportion mediated:9.75%)CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE,providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Urinary Schistosomiasis Prevalence and Diagnostic Performance of Reagent Strip at Point-of-Care

Due to limited resources and experience, rapid diagnostic techniques are advocated in nations with a resource shortage when diagnosing schistosomiasis. We used rapid diagnostic tests to access the prevalence and intensity of schistosome infection in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 1951 participants were recruited for this study. The participants were screened for S. haematobium infection;haematuria and proteinuria were monitored in the recruited patients with a commercial reagent strip. Of the 1951 participants recruited for the study, 587 were found to be infected. Children aged 0 to 10 years showed the highest levels of haematuria with (100%) specificity. Meanwhile, other age groups (11 - 20, 21 - 30, 31 - 40 and above 40 years) had rates higher than 90%. The degree of haematuria increased with egg intensity. The same was seen in proteinuria, with a percentage of 41.9%. A significant difference (p S. haematobium in rural endemic areas.

Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan

BACKGROUND Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is a pre-malignant condition associated with the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.The prevalence of BE in the general populations of Asian countries ranges from 0.06%to 1%.However,with lifestyle changes in Asian countries and adoption of western customs,the prevalence of BE might have increased.AIM To determine the current prevalence of BE in Taiwan,and to investigate risk factors predicting the presence of BE.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Health Evaluation Center of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan.Between January 2015 and December 2015,3385 subjects undergoing routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy examinations as part of a health check-up at the Health Evaluation Center were included.Patient characteristics and endoscopic findings were carefully reviewed.Lesions with endoscopic findings consistent with BE awaiting histological evaluation were judged as endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia(ESEM).BE was defined based on extension of the columnar epithelium≥1 cm above the gastroesophageal junction and was confirmed based on the presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia(IM)in the metaplastic esophageal epithelium.Clinical factors of subjects with BE and subjects without BE were compared,and the risk factors predicting BE were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 3385 subjects(mean age,51.29±11.42 years;57.1%male)were included in the study,and 89 among them were confirmed to have IM and presence of goblet cells via biopsy examination.The majority of these individuals were classified as short segment BE(n=85).The overall prevalence of BE was 2.6%.Multivariate analysis disclosed that old age[odds ratio(OR)=1.033;95%confidence interval(CI):1.012-1.055;P=0.002],male gender(OR=2.106;95%CI:1.145-3.872;P=0.017),ingestion of tea(OR=1.695;95%CI:1.043-2.754;P=0.033),and presence of hiatal hernia(OR=3.037;95%CI:1.765-5.225;P<0.001)were significant risk factors predicting BE.The independent risk factor for the presence of IM in ESEM lesions was old age alone(OR=1.029;95%CI:1.006-1.053;P=0.014).CONCLUSION Current prevalence of BE among the general population in Taiwan is 2.6%.Old age,male gender,ingestion of tea and hiatal hernia are significant risk factors for BE.

Shape of Barrett's epithelium is associated with prevalence of erosive esophagitis

AIM:To test the hypothesis that the shape and length of Barrett's epithelium are associated with prevalence of erosive esophagitis.METHODS:A total study population comprised 869 patients who underwent endoscopy during a health checkup at our hospital.The presence and extent of Barrett's epithelium were diagnosed based on the Prague C & M Criteria.We originally classified cases of Barrett's epithelium into two types based on its shape,namely,flamelike and lotus-like Barrett's epithelium,and into two groups based on its length,its C extent < 2 cm,and ≥ 2 cm.Correlation of shape and length of Barrett's epithelium with erosive esophagitis was examined.RESULTS:Barrett's epithelium was diagnosed in 374 cases(43%).Most of these were diagnosed as shortsegment Barrett's epithelium.The prevalence of erosive esophagitis was significantly higher in subjects with flame-like than lotus-like Barrett's epithelium,and in those with a C extent of ≥ 2 cm than < 2 cm.CONCLUSION:Flame-like rather than lotus-like Barrett's epithelium,and Barrett's epithelium with a longer segment were more strongly associated with erosive esophagitis.

Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients with moderate to severe erosive esophagitis

AIM: To investigate the proportion of patients with moderate-severe erosive esophagitis (EE) who will have Barrett's esophagus (BE) after healing of inflammation. METHODS: Patients with EE of Los Angeles (LA) class B, C and D who underwent follow-up endoscopy documenting complete mucosal healing. RESULTS: A total of 86/169 patients were suspected of having BE (38 before healing and 48 after healing of EE) and, 46/86 eventually had the histological confirmation. At index esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD), BE was suspected in 38/169 (22%), and ultimately, histologically confirmed in 20 of these. In 11 patients where biopsies were performed in the presence of inflammation, BE was detected in 2 and missed in 5 (including 2 dysplasias). In 131/169 patients (77.5%), BE was not suspected at index EGD. After healing of EE though, 48 patients had suspicion of BE who underwent biopsies, and in 26 of these histology was positive for BE. The length of inflammation had a linear correlation with the length of BE (P = 0.01). Out of multiple variables to predict BE, only the suspicion at index endoscopy was statistically significant (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: BE was seen in 46/169 (27%) patients with EE of LA class B, C and D. The length of EE can predict the length of underlying BE segment.Even when suspected, BE and associated dysplasia can be missed in the presence of inflammation; therefore, repeat evaluation should be considered after complete healing of esophagitis.

肠上皮化生在Barrett’s食管进展为食管腺癌中作用的研究进展

食管腺癌(esophageal adenocarcinoma,EAC)的发病率有逐年增加的趋势,EAC预后差,5年生存率不足20%.Barrett’s食管(barrett’sesophagus,BE)是目前唯一已知的EAC癌前病变,伴肠上皮化生(intestinal metaplasia,IM)的BE有更高的风险进展为EAC,探究IM的发生机制,寻找BE的针对性治疗靶点,成为预防肿瘤的重要措施.胆汁酸反流被认为是IM发生的重要因素,并促进BE向EAC进展,但胆汁反流诱导肠化、癌变的分子调节机制尚不清楚.本文就IM发生的环境、意义、细胞起源学说,胆汁反流的毒性作用以及IM向肿瘤进展的分子改变进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对BE中IM的认识,为早期干预BE和防治EAC提供证据.

Artificial intelligence system for the detection of Barrett’s esophagus

BACKGROUND Barrett’s esophagus(BE),which has increased in prevalence worldwide,is a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma.Although there is a gap in the detection rates between endoscopic BE and histological BE in current research,we trained our artificial intelligence(AI)system with images of endoscopic BE and tested the system with images of histological BE.AIM To assess whether an AI system can aid in the detection of BE in our setting.METHODS Endoscopic narrow-band imaging(NBI)was collected from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Changhua Christian Hospital,resulting in 724 cases,with 86 patients having pathological results.Three senior endoscopists,who were instructing physicians of the Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan,independently annotated the images in the development set to determine whether each image was classified as an endoscopic BE.The test set consisted of 160 endoscopic images of 86 cases with histological results.RESULTS Six pre-trained models were compared,and EfficientNetV2B2(accuracy[ACC]:0.8)was selected as the backbone architecture for further evaluation due to better ACC results.In the final test,the AI system correctly identified 66 of 70 cases of BE and 85 of 90 cases without BE,resulting in an ACC of 94.37%.CONCLUSION Our AI system,which was trained by NBI of endoscopic BE,can adequately predict endoscopic images of histological BE.The ACC,sensitivity,and specificity are 94.37%,94.29%,and 94.44%,respectively.

Hospitalized prevalence and 5-year mortality for IBD:Record linkage study

AIM:To establish the hospitalized prevalence of severe Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) in Wales from 1999 to 2007;and to investigate long-term mortality after hospitalization and associations with social deprivation and other socio-demographic factors.METHODS:Record linkage of administrative inpatient and mortality data for 1467 and 1482 people hospitalised as emergencies for ≥ 3d for CD and UC,respectively.The main outcome measures were hospitalized prevalence,mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios for up to 5 years follow-up after hospitalization.RESULTS:Hospitalized prevalence was 50.1 per 100 000 population for CD and 50.6 for UC.The hospitalized prevalence of CD was significantly higher(P < 0.05) in females(57.4) than in males(42.2),and was highest in people aged 16-29 years,but the prevalence of UC was similar in males(51.0) and females(50.1),and increased continuously with age.The hospital-ized prevalence of CD was slightly higher in the most deprived areas,but there was no association between social deprivation and hospitalized prevalence of UC.Mortality was 6.8% and 14.6% after 1 and 5 years follow-up for CD,and 9.2% and 20.8% after 1 and 5 years for UC.For both CD and UC,there was little discernible association between mortality and social deprivation,distance from hospital,urban/rural residence and geography.CONCLUSION:CD and UC have distinct demographic profiles.The higher prevalence of hospitalized CD in more deprived areas may reflect higher prevalence and higher hospital dependency.

Graft dilatation and Barrett’s esophagus in adults after gastric pullup and jejunal interposition for long-gap esophageal atresia

BACKGROUND Esophageal replacement(ER)with gastric pull-up(GPU)or jejunal interposition(JI)used to be the standard treatment for long-gap esophageal atresia(LGEA).Changes of the ER grafts on a macro-and microscopic level however,are unknown.AIM To evaluate long-term clinical symptoms and anatomical and mucosal changes in adolescents and adults after ER for LGEA.METHODS A cohort study was conducted including all LGEA patients≥16 years who had undergone GPU or JI between 1985-2003 at two tertiary referral centers in the Netherlands.Patients underwent clinical assessment,contrast study and endoscopy with biopsy.Data was collected prospectively.Group differences between JI and GPU patients,and associations between different outcome measures were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test for bivariate variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables.Differences with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS Nine GPU patients and eleven JI patients were included.Median age at follow-up was 21.5 years and 24.4 years,respectively.Reflux was reported in six GPU patients(67%)vs four JI patients(36%)(P=0.37).Dysphagia symptoms were reported in 64%of JI patients,compared to 22%of GPU patients(P=0.09).Contrast studies showed dilatation of the jejunal graft in six patients(55%)and graft lengthening in four of these six patients.Endoscopy revealed columnar-lined esophagus in three GPU patients(33%)and intestinal metaplasia was histologically confirmed in two patients(22%).No association was found between reflux symptoms and macroscopic anomalies or intestinal metaplasia.Three GPU patients(33%)experienced severe feeding problems vs none in the JI group.The median body mass index of JI patients was 20.9 kg/m^(2) vs 19.5 kg/m^(2) in GPU patients(P=0.08).CONCLUSION The majority of GPU patients had reflux and intestinal metaplasia in 22%.The majority of JI patients had dysphagia and a dilated graft.Follow-up after ER for LGEA is essential.

Role of artificial intelligence in Barrett’s esophagus

The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastrointestinal endoscopy has gained significant traction over the last decade.One of the more recent applications of AI in this field includes the detection of dysplasia and cancer in Barrett’s esophagus(BE).AI using deep learning methods has shown promise as an adjunct to the endoscopist in detecting dysplasia and cancer.Apart from visual detection and diagnosis,AI may also aid in reducing the considerable interobserver variability in identifying and distinguishing dysplasia on whole slide images from digitized BE histology slides.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the key studies thus far as well as providing an insight into the future role of AI in Barrett’s esophagus.

Recent trends in the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea,2010-2018

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the East.The epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the West.AIM To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South Korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and outcomes.METHODS We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Rare and Intractable Diseases(RIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea.Patients with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,and RID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to 2018.RESULTS In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and 2018.The annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) person-years.Since 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in 2018.The CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and UC.The clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study period.CONCLUSION The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and 2018.IBD clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.

洛阳地区Barrett’s食管的发病情况、内镜和病理学特点

目的探讨洛阳地区一组Barrett’s食管（BE）的发病情况、内镜和病理学特点及其与幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染的关系。方法采用普通胃镜检查结合病理检查结果，对洛阳地区有消化道症状的一组BE患者进行分析，同时采用尿素[^14C]呼气试验药盒检查H·pylori感染对BE发病学的影响。结果2006年8月～2007年4月共有593例接受胃镜检查，有22例诊断为BE，BE发病率为3．71％；以短段、舌型发病率最高，分别占81．81％和77．27％；7例（31．8％）有典型反流症状；伴有低度异型性增生3例（13．64％），重度异型性增生1例（4．55％），并发腺癌1例（4．55％），其中伴有重度异型性增生的1例随访1年后并发腺癌；对其中的10例进行H．pylori检查，阳性率为90％。结论洛阳地区BE发病率较高，以短段、舌型为主，有典型反流症状者较少，伴有异型性增生、腺癌者及并发H．pylori感染者常见。

糜烂性食管炎、Barrett食管及食管腺癌中SOX2、CDX2的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨CDX2、SOX2在糜烂性食管炎、Barrett食管的3种不同组织类型(胃底型、贲门型、肠化生型)及食管腺癌(esophageal adenocarcinoma,EAC)中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化Eli Vision两步法检测CDX2和SOX2在35例贲门组、23例胃底组、14例肠化组、10例糜烂性食管炎组、7例EAC组、10例正常食管下段黏膜中的表达情况。结果 CDX2在肠化组及EAC组中的阳性率均为85.7%,显著高于其他四组(P<0.05);CDX2阳性率在贲门组(11.4%)、胃底组(0)、糜烂性食管炎组(0)及正常食管组(0)中的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。CDX2在贲门组(75%)及EAC组(66.7%)以(+)为主,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与肠化组(91.7%)以()为主显著不同(P<0.05)。SOX2在Barrett食管三组中的阳性率均为100%,显著高于EAC组(28.6%)(P<0.05)。SOX2以(++)表达方式在胃底组(95.7%)及贲门组(74.3%)中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);显著高于肠化组(50%)和EAC组(50%)(P<0.05)。SOX2和CDX2的表达在肠化型Barrett食管中呈负相关(P<0.05),在贲门组、胃底组、EAC组中无明显相关(P>0.05)。结论短段贲门型Barrett食管中CDX2的阳性率不高,可能只是一种柱状上皮化生,与EAC的关系不大;CDX2在鳞状上皮向特殊肠上皮化生转化过程中发挥重要作用,SOX2的沉默促进EAC发生。

Barrett’s食管、糜烂性食管炎及非糜烂性反流病发生机制的比较

目的:比较糜烂性食管炎(EE)、非糜烂性反流病(NERD)及Barrett’s食管(BE)患者反流发生特点,探讨不同类型GERD的可能发病机制.方法:105例GERD患者根据胃镜及病理情况分为:EE组(35例)、BE组(34例)及NERD组(36例),对照组30例为健康志愿者.比较4组受检者食管测压与24h食管pH及胆汁反流同步监测结果的差异.结果:与对照组相比,GERD各组LES静息压均有不同程度减低,以EE组最明显(P<0.05).EE与BE组患者远段食管收缩波幅及有效蠕动百分比明显低于NERD组与对照组(均P<0.05).DeMeester评分等酸反流指标在EE组最高.BE组Abs>0.14时间百分比等长时间胆汁反流指标最高.NERD患者中仅52.8%存在病理性反流.各组中混合反流类型占各组病理性反流总人数的比例分别为68.57%(EE组)、84.38%(BE组)及63.15%(NERD组).结论:胃酸与胆汁的混合反流是GERD患者中最常见病理性反流类型,且对食管黏膜的损害较单纯酸或胆汁反流为重,胆汁反流在BE的发病机制中占有重要地位.

食管炎、食管溃疡和Barrett’s食管的胃食管反流与胃内pH值的关系

目的 探讨胃内 pH值与胃食管反流的关系及胃 食管反流的病理生理机制。 方法 采用便携式 pH监测仪对 1 8例食管炎、1 2例食管溃疡、1 0例Barrett’s食管、1 5例健康人行 2 4h食管和胃 pH值同步监测 ,分别计算胃内各段 pH值、胃 食管酸反流次数、长反流次数、最长反流时间以及pH值 <4的时间占总时间的百分比。 结果 ①食管炎组 :上述各项指标在胃内 pH值为 1～ 4时明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;当胃内 pH值为 1～ 2时 ,酸反流次数明显高于其他pH值段 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②食管溃疡组 :当胃内 pH值为 1～ 2时 ,酸反流次数、长反流时间明显高于其他 pH值段 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;胃内 pH值为 1～ 3时 ,酸反流次数、长反流时间明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;③Barrett’s食管组 :胃内pH值为 2～ 3时的酸反流次数明显高于对照组 ;④当胃内 pH值为 1～ 2时 ,食管炎组、食管溃疡组酸反流次数明显高于Barrett’s食管组。结论 当胃内 pH值在 1～ 2之间时 ,食管炎、食管溃疡的胃食管酸反流最为明显 ,食管黏膜损伤的严重程度与食管接触酸的次数及接触酸的时间长短有关 ;Barrett’s食管的胃

Caspase-3和hTERT在Barrett’s食管中的表达及其相互关系

目的研究半胱天冬蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)和端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)在Barrett’s食管(Barrett’s esophagus,BE)及食管炎伴贲门腺或胃底腺化生组织中的表达,探讨其在BE发病中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学法(LDP)检测22例BE和38例食管炎伴贲门腺或胃底腺化生组织中Caspase-3和hTERT的表达,比较两者表达的相关性。结果Caspase-3在BE中的阳性表达率为95.45%,明显高于在食管炎伴贲门腺或胃底腺化生组织中的表达(68.42%)(P=0.000);hTERT在BE中的阳性表达率为27.27%,明显低于在食管炎伴贲门腺或胃底腺化生组织中的表达(65.79%)(P=0.000)。BE中Caspase-3与hTERT的表达呈强负相关(r=-1,P=0.000)。结论BE中Caspase-3高表达,hTERT低表达。Caspase-3和hTERT在BE发生过程中起重要作用,可能成为预测BE发生的重要参考指标。

内镜热极技术联用抑酸剂治疗Barrett’s食管的临床观察

目的探讨内镜热极技术联用抑酸剂治疗Barrett’s食管的疗效。方法2006年8月～2007年8月经内镜和病理组织学检查诊断的Barrett’s食管患者100例，其中95例患者在内镜下采用热极治疗，术后口服抑酸剂巩固治疗，另5例患者仅口服抑酸剂治疗进行对照，两组均进行内镜及临床随访。结果95例患者经过1次热极治疗Barrett’s食管完全消除，术后38例（40％）出现胸骨后隐痛；54例患者半年后随访，总有效率为92．59％；对照组3例患者半年后随访，总有效率为0。结论热极联用抑酸剂治疗Barrett’s食管安全有效、短期疗效好。

短节段Barrett’s食管的内镜和病理分析

目的研究内镜和病理下短节段Barrett’s食管(SSBE)的临床症状、内镜分型和病理特征之间的关系。方法对140例内镜和病理诊断为SSBE的患者进行临床症状评估,组织标本HE染色,并对临床症状、内镜分型及病理特征之间的关系进行相关分析。结果SSBE的内镜检出率为9.75%,男女比为1.12∶1,平均发病年龄为51.64岁,有典型胃食管反流病(GERD)症状占70.00%;140例患者中反酸54例,烧心18例,胸骨后痛31例,上腹痛29例,无症状8例。140例患者中病理诊断胃底腺者30例,贲门腺者98例,肠上皮化生者12例;内镜诊断岛型54例,舌型66例,全周型20例。140例患者中贲门腺组反酸、烧心、胸骨后痛、无症状的发生率与其他两组比较明显增高。140例患者中贲门腺组内镜表现为舌型和岛型的检出率明显高于其他两组。主要临床症状的发生率在三种内镜类型之间比较差异无统计学意义。结论SSBE病理特征和胃食管反流症状的发生,以及病理特征和内镜分型之间均密切相关,SSBE临床症状和内镜分型之间无明显关系。

Barrett′s食管

Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ’ｓ食管是指食管下段的正常复层鳞状上皮被化生的单层柱状上皮所取代。以食管与胃黏膜交界的连接线 (齿状线或Ｚ线 )为界 ,在Ｚ线 2ｃｍ以上出现柱状上皮者。又分为短段Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ’ｓ食管 ( 【3ｃｍ)和长段Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ’ｓ食管≥ 3ｃｍ。除少数先天性因素外 ,大多由胃食管反流病 (ＧＥＲＤ)引起。根据国外的调查资料 ,在因ＧＥＲＤ症状而行内镜检查的病人中 ,Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ’ｓ食管的检出率约为 6%～ 12 % ,而在所有内镜检查的病人中 ,检出率为 0 .4 1%～0 .89%。目前已公认 ,Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ’ｓ食管是在胃食管交界处发生腺癌的主要危险因素。

食管腺癌与Barrett’s食管基因表达谱的研究

目的探讨从Barrett’s食管到食管腺癌的癌变过程中基因表达谱的变化。方法取同一食管腺癌患者大体手术标本经病理确诊的腺癌组织、Barrett’s食管组织及正常组织,分别提取组织上皮的总RNA并纯化mRNA;将mRNA逆转录合成以Cy5和Cy3标记的cDNA链做探针,分别混合后在两张基因表达谱芯片上进行杂交。用扫描仪扫描芯片荧光信号,用软件对扫描图像进行分析。结果食管腺癌与正常食管上皮比较差异2倍以上共有214个基因;Barrett’s食管与正常食管上皮比较差异2倍以上共有90个基因。而Barrett’s食管组织和食管腺癌组织均下调的基因有24个,均上调的基因有21个。其中符合从Barrett’s食管到食管腺癌演变趋势的基因中,上调的有9个,下调的有18个。结论这些基因或其产物可作为Barrett’s食管具有癌变高危性的检测指标。