Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asy...Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.展开更多
Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of...Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of life. Current American societal expectations are that individuals who identify!they are involved in substance abuse will go to treatment, eventually recover, get off public assistance straightaway, and return to work. Most rehabilitation professionals also maintain the same expectations. The reality is that efforts of prevention do not appear to diminish the number of people with substance abuse. Traditional treatment appears to have minimal, if any, influence upon the cessation of substance abuse, and traditional vocational rehabilitation practices appear unsuited for the unique problems and types of symptoms experienced by substance abusers. Creative, yet sound, alternatives that combine effective treatment strategies and non-traditional vocational rehabilitation methods need to be exqlored and tested for effectiveness, and applied.展开更多
Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approache...Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use.For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents,a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional IntelligenceResistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use,to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study.A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan,a city in central China,were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups.The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge,development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements.The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session.Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic items,self-reported drug use behavior,cognition,attitude,and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills.Three months after the intervention,significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P【0.05) between the intervention and control groups.Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge,motivation and peer resistance skills (P【0.05),but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P】0.05).It was concluded that the CMER program,which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills,was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan,China.展开更多
Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision m...Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision medicine,immunotherapy,and cell therapy,among others.In this special issue,we publish nine articles covering various topics,such as potential application of miRNAs in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment,molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis,plant-derived antitumor drugs,glioma angiogenesis inhibition,acute myeloid leukemia(AML)prognostic markers,therapeutic cancer vaccines,and genetic risk factors for gastric and prostate cancer.展开更多
The “science of prevention” approach has advanced research in the realm of drug abuse. Emphasis, however, was clearly accorded to risk factors rather than to uncovering protective factors. In the 1980s, Antonovsky p...The “science of prevention” approach has advanced research in the realm of drug abuse. Emphasis, however, was clearly accorded to risk factors rather than to uncovering protective factors. In the 1980s, Antonovsky proposed a new paradigm—salutogenesis—which provided a different theoretical and practical basis for constructing and evaluating prevention programs. According to the salutogenic model, prevention programs should relate to the extent that these protective factors advance youths—as well as the systems in which they live—towards promoting comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. The paper describes salutogenic directed programs and research, and discusses the contribution of the theory to advancement of both practice and research in the area of drug abuse.展开更多
Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seem...Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.展开更多
The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar prurit...The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar pruritus and pain.Currently,intralesional injections of corticosteroids are widely used in clinical practice.These require professional medical manipulation;however,the significant accompanying injection pain,repetition of injections and adverse effects,such as skin atrophy,skin pigmentation and telangiectasia,make this treatment modality an unpleasant experience for patients.Transdermal administration is,therefore,a promising non-invasive and easy-to-use method for corticosteroid administration for scar treatment.In this review,we first summarize the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids in scar prevention and treatment;then,we discuss current developments in intralesional injections and the progress of transdermal delivery systems of corticosteroids,as well as their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lac...Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lactams,which can be used as drugs[1];Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei are well-known industrial enzyme producers[2].展开更多
We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug ca...We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.展开更多
文摘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.
文摘Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of life. Current American societal expectations are that individuals who identify!they are involved in substance abuse will go to treatment, eventually recover, get off public assistance straightaway, and return to work. Most rehabilitation professionals also maintain the same expectations. The reality is that efforts of prevention do not appear to diminish the number of people with substance abuse. Traditional treatment appears to have minimal, if any, influence upon the cessation of substance abuse, and traditional vocational rehabilitation practices appear unsuited for the unique problems and types of symptoms experienced by substance abusers. Creative, yet sound, alternatives that combine effective treatment strategies and non-traditional vocational rehabilitation methods need to be exqlored and tested for effectiveness, and applied.
文摘Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use.For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents,a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional IntelligenceResistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use,to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study.A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan,a city in central China,were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups.The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge,development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements.The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session.Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic items,self-reported drug use behavior,cognition,attitude,and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills.Three months after the intervention,significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P【0.05) between the intervention and control groups.Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge,motivation and peer resistance skills (P【0.05),but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P】0.05).It was concluded that the CMER program,which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills,was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan,China.
文摘Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision medicine,immunotherapy,and cell therapy,among others.In this special issue,we publish nine articles covering various topics,such as potential application of miRNAs in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment,molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis,plant-derived antitumor drugs,glioma angiogenesis inhibition,acute myeloid leukemia(AML)prognostic markers,therapeutic cancer vaccines,and genetic risk factors for gastric and prostate cancer.
文摘The “science of prevention” approach has advanced research in the realm of drug abuse. Emphasis, however, was clearly accorded to risk factors rather than to uncovering protective factors. In the 1980s, Antonovsky proposed a new paradigm—salutogenesis—which provided a different theoretical and practical basis for constructing and evaluating prevention programs. According to the salutogenic model, prevention programs should relate to the extent that these protective factors advance youths—as well as the systems in which they live—towards promoting comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. The paper describes salutogenic directed programs and research, and discusses the contribution of the theory to advancement of both practice and research in the area of drug abuse.
文摘Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82172222,82272266 and 82102328)the Shanghai Clinical Research Project of Health Industry(20204Y0443)+1 种基金the Cross Research Project of Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYJC202009)the Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.22MC1940300).
文摘The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar pruritus and pain.Currently,intralesional injections of corticosteroids are widely used in clinical practice.These require professional medical manipulation;however,the significant accompanying injection pain,repetition of injections and adverse effects,such as skin atrophy,skin pigmentation and telangiectasia,make this treatment modality an unpleasant experience for patients.Transdermal administration is,therefore,a promising non-invasive and easy-to-use method for corticosteroid administration for scar treatment.In this review,we first summarize the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids in scar prevention and treatment;then,we discuss current developments in intralesional injections and the progress of transdermal delivery systems of corticosteroids,as well as their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32111530179).
文摘Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lactams,which can be used as drugs[1];Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei are well-known industrial enzyme producers[2].
文摘We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.
