Prevention and Control Measures of Environmental Pollution Problem Caused by Dairy Farming in Inner Mongolia

Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.

Research on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution in Building Construction

The quality of human life has been greatly improved with the rapid development of the market economy.However,at the same time,people are paying more attention to the problems caused by environmental pollution.As a result,there is an increase in environmental awareness.At the present stage,people are concerned about the negative impact that building construction has on the environment.Building construction enterprises must have preventive measures and deal with environmental pollution during construction.This is to minimize pollution caused by construction and to satisfy the implementation of green civilization construction.This is important as it can enhance the development of socialist spiritual civilization and thus promote the expansion of enterprises in the long run.The author explores and analyzes the main types of environmental pollution generated in building construction.Besides,the author provides effective measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by building construction to reduce its adverse impact on the environment.

Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

Legislative Countermeasures for Preventing and Controlling Water Pollution in Water-deficient Regions

The shortage of water resources is severe in Beijing. The shortage of eco-environmental water and the sewage discharge over the environmental capacity are main bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of water environment. The reuse of wastewater could not only reduce the discharge of pollutants,but it could also increase the consumption of eco-environmental water. Therefore the reuse of wastewater is an important approach to improve the water environmental quality. Combined with the formulation process of Regulations of Beijing on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution,the current situations of prevention and control of water pollution in Beijing,the discharge of pollutant,water environmental quality,the population and economic development and water resources and so on were analyzed. And the bottlenecks that restricted the improvement of water environmental quality were found. And the necessity of solving the control of water pollution by reusing the wastewater and ensuring the consumption of eco-environmental water was analyzed from the perspective of the control of water pollution. And some legislative countermeasures were put forward,which provided new ideas for solving the problem of the prevention and control of water pollution and improving the water environmental quality. It was of important reference values for local governments（ especially water-deficient regions） to make relative polices or plans of water pollution control and water environmental protection.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE:WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOUR OPERATION IS BEING CONSTRUCTED?

Nearly forty years after the Clean Water Act(CWA)was passed,we’ve come a long way in our understanding of the strength and fragility of our water resources and the impact that our actions or inactions can have on them.Though regulatory systems are in place and best management practices(BMPs)are plentiful,successfully managing risk in environmental compliance remains a constant concern.Fortunately,the rules to environmental compliance are simple:half of it is paperwork and the other half is maintenance.If you take an organized and balanced approach to compliance,you should be able to keep risk at bay and avoid enforcement action.However,remember that no matter how thoroughly you prepare for a construction project,you may still encounter unexpected situations requiring environmental knowledge and understanding.As you start to plan your operation,you should take the time to stop and consider the risk associated with your project.The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)considers risk to be“the chance of harmful effects to human health or to ecological systems resulting from exposure to the environmental stressor.”The“stressors”are a variety of physical,chemical,or biological activities that can cause negative reactions to ecosystems and the environment.1 In order to limit,and hopefully prevent,risky situations,the key is to assess and target the problems that could arise and then implement a system of metrics that help with prevention.

Investigating Supply Chain Integration Effects on Environmental Performance in the Jordanian Food Industry

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of supply chain integration on environmental performance of food manufacturing companies in Jordan. Data for this study were collected from one hundred and nineteen food companies. To answer the study questions, and to verify its hypotheses, descriptive statistical tools and linear regression tests were used. The study results indicated that supply chain integration positively affected environmental performance. Additionally, the results showed that supply chain integration positively affected environmental control and pollution management.

土壤污染防治规定的法典表达

环境法典编纂对于土壤污染防治规定的安排必须处理好预防与治理、污染防治与土地利用之间的关系。本语境下预防的对象是污染后果而非健康损害。污染源控制分则编应以预防为主,土壤污染防治分则编的定位是以治理为重心。《土壤污染防治法》关于治理责任的构成要件、多类或多个责任主体间责任承担关系的规定缺失,土壤污染防治分则编应从终局责任和中间责任、连带责任和按份责任角度填补这一结构性疏漏。为避免交叉重复,环境法典应根据预防性措施的规定内容综合考虑其在土壤污染防治分则编和污染源控制分则编的位置安排。环境法典应在国土空间规划、建设用地土地使用权变动、污染治理后土地的再利用三方面建立土壤污染防治与土地利用的衔接。

贵州裸露型岩溶地下河系统污染防治技术——以遵义坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例

裸露型岩溶区岩溶强发育、水文地质条件复杂,受污染的地下河系统通道隐蔽性强、污染防治难度大。本文以坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例,在近污染源的主径流通道实施“地下水防渗帷幕+污水抽排”工程措施实现近源截排。施工面临岩溶破碎地层易掉块卡埋钻、钻效低及岩溶强发育段浆液扩散距离远等难题。通过配备适宜的钻进工艺,采取纯压式灌浆、水泥砂浆灌填溶洞、低压限量及速凝浆液灌注等灌浆控制措施,保证了工程进度质量,实现了源头治理污染地下水的目的。“近源截排”对类似水文地质条件下地下水污染防治提供可借鉴的地学治理模式。

我国工业场地土壤污染防治十大科技问题与对策

自“十五”起步以来,历经近20年的发展,我国工业场地土壤污染防治管理和技术体系已基本建立。当前,我国经济社会发展已进入加快绿色化、低碳化的高质量发展阶段,场地土壤污染防治科技面临前所未有的挑战和发展机遇。该文在梳理我国工业场地土壤污染防治科技发展历程、分析新阶段土壤污染防治科技发展需求的基础上,从土壤环境基准理论与方法、污染成因机理、监测监管技术、管控修复技术及决策支撑体系等多个层面,提出了土壤环境基准研究对土壤污染风险管控标准制定支撑不强、部分污染物污染机制不明确、土壤采样方法与检测监测技术体系不完善、绿色低碳管控与修复技术储备不足以及决策支撑体系不健全等五大类工业场地土壤污染防治十大科技问题。在结合我国国情和国内外发展趋势的基础上,建议强化土壤环境基准研究,深化污染成因机理探索,完善土壤污染物检测监测体系,发展绿色低碳修复材料、技术、装备与管理体系,健全基于信息化和智慧化的场地污染风险管理决策支持系统,以期为科技创新引领工业场地土壤污染防治学科、技术和行业协同发展提供参考。

某历史遗留硫磺冶炼废渣综合治理工程

矿产资源选冶过程中产生了大量冶炼废渣,废渣无序堆排破坏了生态环境。为解决历史遗留冶炼废渣环境污染问题,以某硫磺冶炼废渣处置工程为例,根据废渣堆存现状和植被生长情况,将治理范围划分为自然恢复区和人工修复区,提出了“风险管控工程+生态修复工程”相结合的综合治理方案,主要治理措施包括废渣中和处理、截流防渗处理、植被恢复和土地复垦等。方案的落地实施,可使废渣堆置区约2.72 hm^(2)的裸露废渣得到有效治理,项目周边生态环境得到恢复,为类似历史遗留矿业固废综合治理工程提供参考。

生态环境分区管控减污降碳协同增效技术路径及实证研究——以湘潭市为例

将减污降碳协同管控纳入生态环境分区管控体系是生态环境部门落实碳达峰碳中和目标的重要举措之一。立足落实“双碳”目标,在生态环境分区管控中考虑温室气体与环境污染物排放协同管控的关键环节,研究提出将减污降碳协同管控纳入生态环境分区管控体系的理论框架,以及“源强协同—目标协同—分区协同—措施协同”的减污降碳协同管控技术路径,并在湖南省湘潭市进行实证研究,为生态环境分区管控实现减污降碳协同治理提供技术支撑。

我国水污染防治资金项目成效、管理经验与优化实施建议

水污染防治资金自2015年设立以来,中央和地方政府部门在加强与规范资金项目管理方面开展了大量工作,为提高资金使用效益发挥了重要作用。但目前针对水污染防治资金项目管理的研究较少,也缺少相关经验做法总结。基于环境状况公报、绩效评价等数据,分析了项目在推动水质改善、促进生态修复、建立长效机制、带动社会投入等方面取得的成效;从资金投向、项目谋划、资金分配、资金使用、绩效评价等方面梳理总结了水污染防治资金设立以来的项目管理经验,并通过调研提炼了部分省(区)在制度建设、项目谋划、过程监管、绩效管理等方面的典型做法;同时,分析了现阶段水污染防治资金项目管理存在的资金支持范围有待拓宽、项目谋划系统性有待提升、技术保障有待加强、绩效管理有待优化等问题。为进一步提升资金项目管理水平、提高资金使用效益,提出如下建议:结合新时期水生态环境保护重点任务和地方实际需求,合理拓宽资金支持范围;坚持流域统筹,提升项目谋划系统性;制定完善技术指导文件,强化技术保障;完善绩效管理制度,加强成效监管。

地下水环境监测网建设现状与展望

地下水环境监测是地下水污染防治的重要环节,我国地下水环境监测网建设基础较为薄弱.对比欧美发达国家地下水监测网建设和运行模式,分析国家地下水监测工程、“十四五”国家地下水质量考核点位、国家级化工园区和北京市地下水环境监测网的建设情况,归纳出监测网在区域背景值点位布设,在线监测设备研发,以及监管平台建设、数据共享和应用服务等方面存在的问题.基于监测网建设现状,依托新兴技术在水质监测领域的应用,总结其发展趋势集中于在线监测设备换代升级、监测点位物联互通、多样数据解析可视、信息传输安全保真四个方面.最后结合我国监测井建设现状与管理模式提出以下发展建议:①整合现有点位,衔接国家地下水监测工程和“十四五”地下水考核点位,统筹构建国家级、省级地下水环境监测网络体系.②加快新一代水质在线监测设备研发,降低故障率,提高监测精度;探索基于地球物理探测、卫星遥感解译、无人机航测和埋设传感器等技术的新型监测方式.③国家级地下水环境监测网与地表水监测网、大气污染监测网、土壤监测网等进行多网融合.这为我国地下水环境监测网建设奠定了基础.

抽水蓄能电站建设期环境与生态问题及治理保护措施

抽水蓄能电站具有调峰、调频、调相、储能等功能,是推动能源转型的重要支撑,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要组成部分。但抽水蓄能电站在建设期会带来系列环境与生态问题,需要引起重视。利用文献调研和现场勘察的方法,聚焦抽水蓄能电站建设过程中产生的生态环境问题以及相关治理措施。从环境与生态的角度,分析了抽水蓄能电站建设所引起的水环境、大气环境、声环境和固体废物污染问题,提出了工程作业造成植被破坏从而加剧水土流失的风险,同时破坏生物多样性,总结了针对系列环境与生态问题的相应治理措施,有效降低对周围环境的危害。研究结果可为构建生态环保、绿色友好型施工环境提供理论支撑,以积极响应中国“双碳”号召。

中国含汞废物环境管理现状和污染防治建议

中国涉汞行业较多,含汞废物产生量大,其潜在的环境风险不容忽视,履约压力较大。文章对中国含汞废物产生情况进行了调研,对含汞废物环境管理政策进行了系统梳理。在此基础上,文章分析了中国含汞废物环境管理存在的短板,并提出了含汞废物的污染防治建议,以期为中国更好地履行汞公约、提高含汞废物环境管理能力和水平提供技术支撑。

我国地下水生态环境保护项目入库方案技术要点探讨

水污染防治项目储备库建设是解决地下水突出问题、确保完成地下水生态环境保护目标和任务的重要举措.入库方案技术成熟度是项目通过率最大的影响因素.本文首先梳理总结了地下水生态环境调查评估、地下水污染防控修复(含废弃井封井回填)和地下水环境监管能力建设三类项目入库时存在的实施方案目标不明确、缺少因地制宜的具体方案、不满足相关技术文件要求、缺少前期工作基础等问题.然后有针对性地提出了具体建议:①调查评估类项目应明确因地制宜的工作内容和工作量,成果支撑环境管理或后续风险管控修复措施,高度重视全链条质量控制;②监管能力建设类项目应充分整合评估现有可用监测井,建设完善地下水环境监测网,明确地下水环境监管信息化需求,探索构建智能高效监管平台,聚焦地下水环境监管短板,提升地下水监管软硬件能力;③防控修复类项目应明确地下水污染防控修复必要内容,优先采用工艺成熟、低成本、绿色低碳化的管控修复技术,充分体现“源−路径−受体”的系统整治思路,复杂地下水污染区探索建立分区分级管控与修复集成模式.最后从完善技术指导文件、联合不同部门积极探索可复制和可推广的技术模式以及统筹谋划重大项目等方面提出入库建议,以期为提高地下水生态环境保护项目入库质量提供技术支撑.

增负还是减负:环境保护税与企业税收负担

文章采用2015—2022年上市公司面板数据,构建三重差分模型探讨环境保护税对重污染企业税收负担的影响。研究发现:环境保护税对重污染企业减负具有积极作用,推动企业致力于绿色研发创新和向下盈余管理来降低税收负担。环境保护税显著降低了非国有企业以及地方环保监管严、税收征管强地区重污染企业的税收负担。据此,提出积极落实《环境保护税法》、优化环境保护税污染排放的税收减免和优惠政策、制定差别化征收的环境保护税税率等政策建议。

城镇生活垃圾填埋场环境问题分析及污染防控措施

随着经济和人口的快速增长,加上城镇化进程的快速推进,人类生产生活过程中产生的固体垃圾急剧增加。填埋是处置城镇生活垃圾最常见的手段,然而垃圾填埋场已成为威胁周围环境和人体健康的重要因素,其环境问题日益凸显。本文全面分析了垃圾填埋场对周边水体、土壤、大气等环境介质的影响,综述了垃圾填埋场产生的主要污染物及引发的环境污染问题。分析表明垃圾填埋场,特别是一些简易垃圾填埋场,对区域地表水、地下水、大气和土壤环境造成不同程度的无机、有机污染,主要包括废气、重金属、有机物、氮、磷、抗生素、微塑料等污染。垃圾产生源头控制、妥善处置、加强治理、生态恢复是垃圾填埋场污染防控的重要措施。研究为垃圾填埋场周边环境污染防治提供了建议和参考。

离子型稀土矿山智慧环境管理平台研究

随着我国生态保护制度的日趋完善与加强,离子型稀土开采活动对矿山周边环境的影响也日趋受到环境监管的重视。本文针对离子型稀土矿山的环保管理问题,讨论如何结合GIS、三维建模技术,数据挖掘与分析技术,将污染因子纳入到智慧环境管理平台的统一管理,并在此基础上实现了离子型稀土矿山的污染预警与应急事故响应的数字化,搭建了智慧环境管理平台,为离子型稀土矿山开采过程中的生态环境治理提供参考。

地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控面临的挑战

微(纳米)塑料因其可在水体、沉积物、土壤等环境介质中长期存在并危害生态环境,且在环境中难降解的特性已成为一种新污染物。根据国内地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的分布、来源和生态毒性效应的相关研究发现,地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的来源繁杂,直接来源主要包括个人护理品、工农业制备、各类垃圾不当处置等;间接来源为污水处理厂的污水排放、地表径流、原始塑料的风化降解等。微(纳米)塑料的生态毒性组成复杂,除其本身对于生物体的生化胁迫外,还易与其他污染物形成复合污染,对水生生物产生交互效应。因此,研究治理地表水环境微(纳米)塑料污染已刻不容缓,本文可为地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控和生态风险研究提供理论参考。