Risk factors, preventive interventions, overlapping symptoms, and clinical measures of delirium in elderly patients

Delirium is an acute reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by multiple factors.It is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes including cognitive impairment,functional decline,prolonged hospitalization,and increased nursing service.The prevalence of delirium was high in department of cardiology,geriatric,and intensive care unit of hospital.With the increase in the aged population,further increases in delirium seem likely.However,it remains poorly recognized in the clinical practice.This article comprehensively discusses the latest research perspectives on the epidemiological data,risk factors,preventive interventions,overlapping symptoms,and clinical measures of delirium,including specific measures to manage delirium in clinical real-world situations.This article helps readers improve their knowledge and understanding of delirium and helps clinicians quickly identify and implement timely therapeutic measures to address various delirium subtypes that occur in the clinical settings to ensure patients are treated as aggressively as possible.

The clinical use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation for preventing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer

Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients with superficial bladder cancers were randomized into combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin or intravesical instillation of mitomycin alone for preventing recurrence after local ablation. The result was assessed by x2 test. Results The patients have been followed up for 12-26 months (mean 21 months). 1 case has had tumor recurrence in the combined modality therapy group and 4 in the intravesical instillation alone group, the tumor recurrence rate being 7% (1/14) and 29% (4/14) respectively (P【0.05). Conclusion Combined use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin is effective in preventing superficial bladder cancer from recurring after local ablation with fewer adverse effects. The ragimen is not only reliable but

Clinical effect of preventive nursing on the rate of deep vein thrombosis in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of preventive nursing intervention on deep venous thrombosis rate,nursing satisfaction and average hospitalization time after treatment of lung cancer.Methods:Chinese databases(Wanfang,Weipu and China Knowledge Network)and English databases(Pubmed,Cochrane and Scopus)were searched and read references for relevant research.Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.The odds ratio(OR)and the mean difference(MD)were used as the combined effect values of the comparison groups.Sensitivity analysis was performed by changing the effect model or excluding the literature with a large weight ratio,and the symmetry of the funnel plot was observed for publication bias test.Results:A total of 14 Chinese studies included.Compared with routine nursing intervention,preventive nursing intervention could significantly reduce the rate of deep vein thrombosis after lung cancer treatment[OR=0.16(0.10,0.23)],improve nursing satisfaction[OR=6.42(3.32,12.41)]and shorten the average hospital stay[MD=-7.41(-8.16,-6.65)],without heterogeneous existing.And regardless of whether the lung cancer patient was undergoing resection or chemotherapy,the effect of preventive nursing intervention to reduce the rate of deep vein thrombosis was very significant.Conclusion:Preventive nursing intervention is beneficial to patients with lung cancer,which can significantly reduce the formation rate of deep vein thrombosis,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health issue.Previous research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep problems.In this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep problems.Data sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two decades.Both relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are included.Results Many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and mindfulness.These interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease 2019.Specific research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of treatments.Conclusions Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

Sacrificial Protection for Architectural Heritage Conservation and Preliminary Approaches to Restore Historic Fair-Faced Brick Façades in China

Sacrificial protection is a kind of active preventive intervention to conserve authentic fabric of architectural heritage,especially surfaces.This paper investigates the term of sacrificial protection and technical options,summarising that sacrificial plasters,shelter coating and plastic repair or re-pointing are three proven sacrificial protection measurements to conserve architectural surfaces.Two case studies show the preliminary approaches with help of sacrificial protection concept to restore historic fair-faced brick façades in China.Sacrificial protection concept did not originate from Chinese conservation practices,but it provides new prospects for sustainable conservation and revitalisation of architectural heritage.The implementation of sacrificial protection is still limited and more scientific studies are needed although most of approaches are traditional.