Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life.Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to p...Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life.Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and contexts.Here we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging setting.We use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field vs.forest).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site types.We did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging rates.Our results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.展开更多
In blood or bone marrow,leukemia is a form of cancer.A person with leukemia has an expansion of white blood cells(WBCs).It primarily affects children and rarely affects adults.Treatment depends on the type of leukemia...In blood or bone marrow,leukemia is a form of cancer.A person with leukemia has an expansion of white blood cells(WBCs).It primarily affects children and rarely affects adults.Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the extent to which cancer has established throughout the body.Identifying leukemia in the initial stage is vital to providing timely patient care.Medical image-analysis-related approaches grant safer,quicker,and less costly solutions while ignoring the difficulties of these invasive processes.It can be simple to generalize Computer vision(CV)-based and image-processing techniques and eradicate human error.Many researchers have implemented computer-aided diagnosticmethods andmachine learning(ML)for laboratory image analysis,hopefully overcoming the limitations of late leukemia detection and determining its subgroups.This study establishes a Marine Predators Algorithm with Deep Learning Leukemia Cancer Classification(MPADL-LCC)algorithm onMedical Images.The projectedMPADL-LCC system uses a bilateral filtering(BF)technique to pre-process medical images.The MPADL-LCC system uses Faster SqueezeNet withMarine Predators Algorithm(MPA)as a hyperparameter optimizer for feature extraction.Lastly,the denoising autoencoder(DAE)methodology can be executed to accurately detect and classify leukemia cancer.The hyperparameter tuning process using MPA helps enhance leukemia cancer classification performance.Simulation results are compared with other recent approaches concerning various measurements and the MPADL-LCC algorithm exhibits the best results over other recent approaches.展开更多
The Rosenzweig-Macarthur Model is used to partially explain Venture Capital investment cycles. Investment opportunities and the experience of the investors, represent the prey and predator respectively. Stability anal...The Rosenzweig-Macarthur Model is used to partially explain Venture Capital investment cycles. Investment opportunities and the experience of the investors, represent the prey and predator respectively. Stability analysis with respect to the interior equilibrium point is performed and dynamics of the system are investigated using numerical simulations and results are presented. The model shows that parameter variation affects the stability of the system and it experiences bifurcations. The results show that stability analysis is useful to provide a Venture Capitalist with the stability ranges of parameters in the system, to improve the quality of the investment process.展开更多
We develop a two-species prey-predator model in which prey is wildebeest and predator is lion. The threats to wildebeest are poaching and drought while to lion are retaliatory killing and drought. The system is found ...We develop a two-species prey-predator model in which prey is wildebeest and predator is lion. The threats to wildebeest are poaching and drought while to lion are retaliatory killing and drought. The system is found in the Serengeti ecosystem. Optimal control theory is applied to investigate optimal strategies for controlling the threats in the system where anti-poaching patrols are used for poaching, construction of strong bomas for retaliatory killing and construction of dams for drought control. The possible impact of using a combination of the three controls either one at a time or two at a time on the threats facing the system is also examined. We observe that the best result is achieved by using all controls at the same time, where a combined approach in tackling threats to yield optimal results is a good approach in the management of wildlife populations.展开更多
In this paper,the impact of additional food and two discrete delays on the dynamics of a prey-predator model is investigated.The interaction between prey and predator is considered as Holling Type-II functional respon...In this paper,the impact of additional food and two discrete delays on the dynamics of a prey-predator model is investigated.The interaction between prey and predator is considered as Holling Type-II functional response.The additional food is provided to the predator to reduce its dependency on the prey.One delay is the gestation delay in predator while the other delay is the delay in supplying the additional food to predators.The positivity,boundedness and persistence of the solutions of the system are studied to show the system as biologically well-behaved.The existence of steady states,their local and global asymptotic behavior for the non-delayed system are investigated.It is shown that(i)predator’s dependency factor on additional food induces a periodic solution in the system,and(ii)the two delays considered in the system are capable to change the status of the stability behavior of the system.The existence of periodic solutions via Hopf-bifurcation is shown with respect to both the delays.Our analysis shows that both delay parameters play an important role in governing the dynamics of the system.The direction and stability of Hopf-bifurcation are also investigated through the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem.Numerical experiments are also conducted to validate the theoretical results.展开更多
A three-stage-structured prey-predator model with discrete and continuous time delays is studied. The characteristic equations and the stability of the boundary and positive equilibrium are analyzed. The conditions fo...A three-stage-structured prey-predator model with discrete and continuous time delays is studied. The characteristic equations and the stability of the boundary and positive equilibrium are analyzed. The conditions for the positive equilibrium occurring Hopf bifurcation are given, by applying the theorem of Hopf bifurcation. Finally, numerical simulation and brief conclusion are given.展开更多
The classical Lotka-Volterra （LV） model is a well-known mathematical model for prey-predator ecosystems. In the present paper, the pulse-type version of stochastic LV model, in which the effect of a random natural e...The classical Lotka-Volterra （LV） model is a well-known mathematical model for prey-predator ecosystems. In the present paper, the pulse-type version of stochastic LV model, in which the effect of a random natural environment has been modeled as Poisson white noise, is in- vestigated by using the stochastic averaging method. The averaged generalized It6 stochastic differential equation and Fokkerlanck-Kolmogorov （FPK） equation are derived for prey-predator ecosystem driven by Poisson white noise. Approximate stationary solution for the averaged generalized FPK equation is obtained by using the perturbation method. The effect of prey self-competition parameter e2s on ecosystem behavior is evaluated. The analytical result is confirmed by corresponding Monte Carlo （MC） simulation.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model incorporating fear effect and prey refuge are investigated. We delve into the construction of the model and its biological signific...In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model incorporating fear effect and prey refuge are investigated. We delve into the construction of the model and its biological significance, with preliminary results encompassing positivity, boundedness, and persistence. The stability of the system’s boundary and positive equilibrium points is proven by calculating the real part of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. At the positive equilibrium point, we demonstrate that the system’s unique positive equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable by using the Dulac criterion. Furthermore, at this equilibrium point, we employ the Implicit Function Theorem to discuss how fear effects and prey refuges influence the population densities of both prey and predators. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the above-mentioned conclusions and explored the impact of Predator-taxis sensitivity αon dynamics of the system.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamic properties of a discrete predator-prey model are discussed. The properties of non-hyperbolic fixed points and hyperbolic fixed points of the model are analyzed. First, by using the classic S...In this paper, the dynamic properties of a discrete predator-prey model are discussed. The properties of non-hyperbolic fixed points and hyperbolic fixed points of the model are analyzed. First, by using the classic Shengjin formula, we find the existence conditions for fixed points of the model. Then, by using the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations and matrix theory we indicate which points are hyperbolic and which are non-hyperbolic and the associated conditions.展开更多
Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also sh...Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also shown.展开更多
In this manuscript, we have studied a fractional-order tri-trophic model with the help of Caputo operator. The total population is divided into three parts, namely prey, intermediate predator and top predator. In addi...In this manuscript, we have studied a fractional-order tri-trophic model with the help of Caputo operator. The total population is divided into three parts, namely prey, intermediate predator and top predator. In addition, the predator fear impact on prey population is suggested in this paper. Existence and uniqueness along with non-negativity and boundedness of the model system have been investigated. We have studied the local stability at all equilibrium points. Also, we have discussed global stability and Hopf bifurcation of our suggested model at interior equilibrium point. The Adam-Bashforth-Moulton approach is utilized to approximate the solution to the proposed model. With the help of MATLAB, we were able to conduct graphical demonstrations and numerical simulations.展开更多
In this paper, the problem of chaos, stability and estimation of unknown parameters of the stochastic lattice gas for prey-predator model with pair-approximation is studied. The result shows that this dynamical system...In this paper, the problem of chaos, stability and estimation of unknown parameters of the stochastic lattice gas for prey-predator model with pair-approximation is studied. The result shows that this dynamical system exhibits an oscillatory behavior of the population densities of prey and predator. Using Liapunov stability technique, the estimators of the unknown probabilities are derived, and also the updating rules for stability around its steady states are derived. Furthermore the feedback control law has been as non-linear functions of the population densities. Numerical simulation study is presented graphically.展开更多
This paper is devoted to study the problem of stability, chaos behavior and parameters estimation of the habitat destruction model with three-species (prey, predator and top-predator). The mathematical formula of the ...This paper is devoted to study the problem of stability, chaos behavior and parameters estimation of the habitat destruction model with three-species (prey, predator and top-predator). The mathematical formula of the model and its proposed interactions are presented. Some important special solutions of systems are discussed. The stationary states of the model are derived. Local stability conditions for the stationary states are derived. Furthermore, the chaotic behavior of the model is discussed and presented graphically. Using Liapunov stability technique, the dynamic estimators of the unknown probabilities and their updating rules are derived. It is found that, the control laws are non-linear functions of the species densities. Numerical illustrative examples are carried out and presented graphically.展开更多
Theorems of iteration g-contractive sequential composite mapping and periodic mapping in Banach or probabilistic Bannach space are proved, which allow some contraction ratios of the sequence of mapping might be larger...Theorems of iteration g-contractive sequential composite mapping and periodic mapping in Banach or probabilistic Bannach space are proved, which allow some contraction ratios of the sequence of mapping might be larger than or equal to 1, and are more general than the Banach contraction mapping theorem. Application to the proof of existence of solutions of cycling coupled nonlinear differential equations arising from prey-predator system and A&H stock prices are given.展开更多
文摘Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life.Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and contexts.Here we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging setting.We use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field vs.forest).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site types.We did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging rates.Our results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.
基金funded by Researchers Supporting Program at King Saud University,(RSPD2024R809).
文摘In blood or bone marrow,leukemia is a form of cancer.A person with leukemia has an expansion of white blood cells(WBCs).It primarily affects children and rarely affects adults.Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the extent to which cancer has established throughout the body.Identifying leukemia in the initial stage is vital to providing timely patient care.Medical image-analysis-related approaches grant safer,quicker,and less costly solutions while ignoring the difficulties of these invasive processes.It can be simple to generalize Computer vision(CV)-based and image-processing techniques and eradicate human error.Many researchers have implemented computer-aided diagnosticmethods andmachine learning(ML)for laboratory image analysis,hopefully overcoming the limitations of late leukemia detection and determining its subgroups.This study establishes a Marine Predators Algorithm with Deep Learning Leukemia Cancer Classification(MPADL-LCC)algorithm onMedical Images.The projectedMPADL-LCC system uses a bilateral filtering(BF)technique to pre-process medical images.The MPADL-LCC system uses Faster SqueezeNet withMarine Predators Algorithm(MPA)as a hyperparameter optimizer for feature extraction.Lastly,the denoising autoencoder(DAE)methodology can be executed to accurately detect and classify leukemia cancer.The hyperparameter tuning process using MPA helps enhance leukemia cancer classification performance.Simulation results are compared with other recent approaches concerning various measurements and the MPADL-LCC algorithm exhibits the best results over other recent approaches.
文摘The Rosenzweig-Macarthur Model is used to partially explain Venture Capital investment cycles. Investment opportunities and the experience of the investors, represent the prey and predator respectively. Stability analysis with respect to the interior equilibrium point is performed and dynamics of the system are investigated using numerical simulations and results are presented. The model shows that parameter variation affects the stability of the system and it experiences bifurcations. The results show that stability analysis is useful to provide a Venture Capitalist with the stability ranges of parameters in the system, to improve the quality of the investment process.
文摘We develop a two-species prey-predator model in which prey is wildebeest and predator is lion. The threats to wildebeest are poaching and drought while to lion are retaliatory killing and drought. The system is found in the Serengeti ecosystem. Optimal control theory is applied to investigate optimal strategies for controlling the threats in the system where anti-poaching patrols are used for poaching, construction of strong bomas for retaliatory killing and construction of dams for drought control. The possible impact of using a combination of the three controls either one at a time or two at a time on the threats facing the system is also examined. We observe that the best result is achieved by using all controls at the same time, where a combined approach in tackling threats to yield optimal results is a good approach in the management of wildlife populations.
文摘In this paper,the impact of additional food and two discrete delays on the dynamics of a prey-predator model is investigated.The interaction between prey and predator is considered as Holling Type-II functional response.The additional food is provided to the predator to reduce its dependency on the prey.One delay is the gestation delay in predator while the other delay is the delay in supplying the additional food to predators.The positivity,boundedness and persistence of the solutions of the system are studied to show the system as biologically well-behaved.The existence of steady states,their local and global asymptotic behavior for the non-delayed system are investigated.It is shown that(i)predator’s dependency factor on additional food induces a periodic solution in the system,and(ii)the two delays considered in the system are capable to change the status of the stability behavior of the system.The existence of periodic solutions via Hopf-bifurcation is shown with respect to both the delays.Our analysis shows that both delay parameters play an important role in governing the dynamics of the system.The direction and stability of Hopf-bifurcation are also investigated through the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem.Numerical experiments are also conducted to validate the theoretical results.
文摘A three-stage-structured prey-predator model with discrete and continuous time delays is studied. The characteristic equations and the stability of the boundary and positive equilibrium are analyzed. The conditions for the positive equilibrium occurring Hopf bifurcation are given, by applying the theorem of Hopf bifurcation. Finally, numerical simulation and brief conclusion are given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10932009,11072212,11272279,and 11321202)
文摘The classical Lotka-Volterra （LV） model is a well-known mathematical model for prey-predator ecosystems. In the present paper, the pulse-type version of stochastic LV model, in which the effect of a random natural environment has been modeled as Poisson white noise, is in- vestigated by using the stochastic averaging method. The averaged generalized It6 stochastic differential equation and Fokkerlanck-Kolmogorov （FPK） equation are derived for prey-predator ecosystem driven by Poisson white noise. Approximate stationary solution for the averaged generalized FPK equation is obtained by using the perturbation method. The effect of prey self-competition parameter e2s on ecosystem behavior is evaluated. The analytical result is confirmed by corresponding Monte Carlo （MC） simulation.
文摘In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model incorporating fear effect and prey refuge are investigated. We delve into the construction of the model and its biological significance, with preliminary results encompassing positivity, boundedness, and persistence. The stability of the system’s boundary and positive equilibrium points is proven by calculating the real part of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. At the positive equilibrium point, we demonstrate that the system’s unique positive equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable by using the Dulac criterion. Furthermore, at this equilibrium point, we employ the Implicit Function Theorem to discuss how fear effects and prey refuges influence the population densities of both prey and predators. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the above-mentioned conclusions and explored the impact of Predator-taxis sensitivity αon dynamics of the system.
文摘In this paper, the dynamic properties of a discrete predator-prey model are discussed. The properties of non-hyperbolic fixed points and hyperbolic fixed points of the model are analyzed. First, by using the classic Shengjin formula, we find the existence conditions for fixed points of the model. Then, by using the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations and matrix theory we indicate which points are hyperbolic and which are non-hyperbolic and the associated conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10701024, 10601011)
文摘Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also shown.
文摘In this manuscript, we have studied a fractional-order tri-trophic model with the help of Caputo operator. The total population is divided into three parts, namely prey, intermediate predator and top predator. In addition, the predator fear impact on prey population is suggested in this paper. Existence and uniqueness along with non-negativity and boundedness of the model system have been investigated. We have studied the local stability at all equilibrium points. Also, we have discussed global stability and Hopf bifurcation of our suggested model at interior equilibrium point. The Adam-Bashforth-Moulton approach is utilized to approximate the solution to the proposed model. With the help of MATLAB, we were able to conduct graphical demonstrations and numerical simulations.
文摘In this paper, the problem of chaos, stability and estimation of unknown parameters of the stochastic lattice gas for prey-predator model with pair-approximation is studied. The result shows that this dynamical system exhibits an oscillatory behavior of the population densities of prey and predator. Using Liapunov stability technique, the estimators of the unknown probabilities are derived, and also the updating rules for stability around its steady states are derived. Furthermore the feedback control law has been as non-linear functions of the population densities. Numerical simulation study is presented graphically.
文摘This paper is devoted to study the problem of stability, chaos behavior and parameters estimation of the habitat destruction model with three-species (prey, predator and top-predator). The mathematical formula of the model and its proposed interactions are presented. Some important special solutions of systems are discussed. The stationary states of the model are derived. Local stability conditions for the stationary states are derived. Furthermore, the chaotic behavior of the model is discussed and presented graphically. Using Liapunov stability technique, the dynamic estimators of the unknown probabilities and their updating rules are derived. It is found that, the control laws are non-linear functions of the species densities. Numerical illustrative examples are carried out and presented graphically.
文摘Theorems of iteration g-contractive sequential composite mapping and periodic mapping in Banach or probabilistic Bannach space are proved, which allow some contraction ratios of the sequence of mapping might be larger than or equal to 1, and are more general than the Banach contraction mapping theorem. Application to the proof of existence of solutions of cycling coupled nonlinear differential equations arising from prey-predator system and A&H stock prices are given.
