After the first secondarily-transmitted ebola case in Spain, a wave of divergent opinions flooded mass and sanitary media. Very few of these opinions, however, came from experts on epidemiology or hemorrhagic fevers. ...After the first secondarily-transmitted ebola case in Spain, a wave of divergent opinions flooded mass and sanitary media. Very few of these opinions, however, came from experts on epidemiology or hemorrhagic fevers. This observational study aimed to assess the specific knowledge of Primary Care physicians and nurses about ebola and hemorrhagic fevers by means of analyzing the results obtained from a 5-item self-reported questionnaire dealing on hemorrhagic fevers basic knowledge. Validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed by a pilot study. The participants were 138 family doctors and nurses from the 64 public Primary Care centers sited in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (1,400,000 inhab;Catalonia, Spain) taking part in training-the-trainers ebola workshops. Overall, there were 117 (84.8%) respondents out from 138 workshop participants;of them were physicians 61 (51.2%). The main age was 46.7 (8.8) years;stating previous specific knowledge on hemorrhagic fevers 39 (33.3%). On the whole, up to 92 (78.6%) of respondents shown a poor knowledge. Previous specific formation was significantly and independently associated with having proper knowledge (p < 0.001);OR = 8.6 (CI 95%: 3.199 - 23.623). In summary, confusion that accompanied the single secondary-transmitted ebola case in Spain could probably be explained by the existence of a serious gap on hemorrhagic fevers knowledge. More accurate, scientific and formally-presented information should be provided to Primary Care physicians and nurses.展开更多
An ethnobotanical study was conducted in East Hararghe, Ethiopia to identify and investigate the use of various plants by the traditional healers and communities engaged in domestic, pesticide and medicinal use. A tot...An ethnobotanical study was conducted in East Hararghe, Ethiopia to identify and investigate the use of various plants by the traditional healers and communities engaged in domestic, pesticide and medicinal use. A total of 78 species were observed to be used by the local inhabitants in the region for the treatments of various ailments. Out of these, herbs constitute 49% followed by trees(36%) and shrubs only 15%. However, most frequently used plant parts were leaf and aerial parts(20) followed by seed(13), fruit(12), other parts(10), rhizome(7) and bark(1). Most of the plants were found to be used for medicinal, aromatic and food flavouring(spices, condiments) purposes. Out of 78 species recorded in the present study, 11 were reported to cure stomachache, seven for cold, cough and respiratory problem, six for diarrhoea and five species were found capable of curing fever. Fabaceae was the largest family contributing to medicinal plant use with seven species followed by Solanaceae, Myrtaceae,(5 spp.), and Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae(4 spp. each). Some of the important plants utilized for taking care of variety of ailments are Azadirachta indica, Brassica nigra, Balanites aegyptiaca, Maytenus ovatus, Rosmarinus officinalis and Trigonella foenum graecum. Most of these medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) play a significant role in the household economy and were observed to be very popular among the people. Unpopular plants were left out of the study. This study provides useful and basic information on usage of different plants for conducting further studies aimed at conservation and documentation of traditional medicine system and economic welfare of rural peoples of the East Hararghe, Ethiopia. It also revealed that indigenous practices contributed to sustainable management of plants.展开更多
In Brazil, the National Policy on Medicinal Plants has stimulated the use of plants in primary health care, validating the traditional medicine and pointing to the lack of a consistent set of evidence that supports th...In Brazil, the National Policy on Medicinal Plants has stimulated the use of plants in primary health care, validating the traditional medicine and pointing to the lack of a consistent set of evidence that supports their uses and indications by ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. This paper aims to make a systematic review of the scientific literature to gather evidence on indications and safety of use of extracts of Solidago chilensis. The bibliographic research was carried out using terms derivate from the title, and all the published papers were downloaded, covering at least the last five years, and it was focused on preclinical and clinical studies with extracts of S. chilensis in the databases of Web of Science, BIREME, SciELO, PubMed, Scirus and Highwire. Phytochemical analysis carried out on many studies showed that among the chemical constituents of S. chilensis are sesqui- and diterpenes, flavonoids and other substances, and the diterpene solidagenone was identified as a marker of the extract that has demonstrated gastroprotective activity in different experimental models of ulcer induced in animals without signs of toxicity at doses above 600 mg/kg. Another studies show that the anti-inflammatory effect in rats has been given by inhibiting the exudation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, as well as through inhibition of myeloperoxidase, adenosine deaminase, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased induction of nitric oxide synthesis and levels of interleukin-1β. Studies show that solidagenone at a concentration of 100 mg/kg showed activity similar to lansoprazole (20 mg/kg), the effect occurs without changes in the gastric mucosa or on acid secretion. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity and may act in a satisfactory way in cases involving the inflammatory response, such as injuries due to trauma, repetitive stress, pain, and healing. The inhibition of anti-inflammatory response is on the base of all these described effects. In spite of the fact that S. chilensis has been used since ancient times in Brazilian traditional medicine, and the existence of preclinical pharmacological end toxicological evidence for its efficacy as an inhibitor of anti-inflammatory response, we could find only a single clinical trial study carried out in treating lumbago. In this lack of clinical pharmacology and toxicology evidence for its uses, its safety and therapeutic indications are guaranteed, up to this moment, by traditional knowledge.展开更多
文摘After the first secondarily-transmitted ebola case in Spain, a wave of divergent opinions flooded mass and sanitary media. Very few of these opinions, however, came from experts on epidemiology or hemorrhagic fevers. This observational study aimed to assess the specific knowledge of Primary Care physicians and nurses about ebola and hemorrhagic fevers by means of analyzing the results obtained from a 5-item self-reported questionnaire dealing on hemorrhagic fevers basic knowledge. Validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed by a pilot study. The participants were 138 family doctors and nurses from the 64 public Primary Care centers sited in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (1,400,000 inhab;Catalonia, Spain) taking part in training-the-trainers ebola workshops. Overall, there were 117 (84.8%) respondents out from 138 workshop participants;of them were physicians 61 (51.2%). The main age was 46.7 (8.8) years;stating previous specific knowledge on hemorrhagic fevers 39 (33.3%). On the whole, up to 92 (78.6%) of respondents shown a poor knowledge. Previous specific formation was significantly and independently associated with having proper knowledge (p < 0.001);OR = 8.6 (CI 95%: 3.199 - 23.623). In summary, confusion that accompanied the single secondary-transmitted ebola case in Spain could probably be explained by the existence of a serious gap on hemorrhagic fevers knowledge. More accurate, scientific and formally-presented information should be provided to Primary Care physicians and nurses.
基金the Oromiya region community (local people) for their immense support
文摘An ethnobotanical study was conducted in East Hararghe, Ethiopia to identify and investigate the use of various plants by the traditional healers and communities engaged in domestic, pesticide and medicinal use. A total of 78 species were observed to be used by the local inhabitants in the region for the treatments of various ailments. Out of these, herbs constitute 49% followed by trees(36%) and shrubs only 15%. However, most frequently used plant parts were leaf and aerial parts(20) followed by seed(13), fruit(12), other parts(10), rhizome(7) and bark(1). Most of the plants were found to be used for medicinal, aromatic and food flavouring(spices, condiments) purposes. Out of 78 species recorded in the present study, 11 were reported to cure stomachache, seven for cold, cough and respiratory problem, six for diarrhoea and five species were found capable of curing fever. Fabaceae was the largest family contributing to medicinal plant use with seven species followed by Solanaceae, Myrtaceae,(5 spp.), and Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae(4 spp. each). Some of the important plants utilized for taking care of variety of ailments are Azadirachta indica, Brassica nigra, Balanites aegyptiaca, Maytenus ovatus, Rosmarinus officinalis and Trigonella foenum graecum. Most of these medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) play a significant role in the household economy and were observed to be very popular among the people. Unpopular plants were left out of the study. This study provides useful and basic information on usage of different plants for conducting further studies aimed at conservation and documentation of traditional medicine system and economic welfare of rural peoples of the East Hararghe, Ethiopia. It also revealed that indigenous practices contributed to sustainable management of plants.
文摘In Brazil, the National Policy on Medicinal Plants has stimulated the use of plants in primary health care, validating the traditional medicine and pointing to the lack of a consistent set of evidence that supports their uses and indications by ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. This paper aims to make a systematic review of the scientific literature to gather evidence on indications and safety of use of extracts of Solidago chilensis. The bibliographic research was carried out using terms derivate from the title, and all the published papers were downloaded, covering at least the last five years, and it was focused on preclinical and clinical studies with extracts of S. chilensis in the databases of Web of Science, BIREME, SciELO, PubMed, Scirus and Highwire. Phytochemical analysis carried out on many studies showed that among the chemical constituents of S. chilensis are sesqui- and diterpenes, flavonoids and other substances, and the diterpene solidagenone was identified as a marker of the extract that has demonstrated gastroprotective activity in different experimental models of ulcer induced in animals without signs of toxicity at doses above 600 mg/kg. Another studies show that the anti-inflammatory effect in rats has been given by inhibiting the exudation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, as well as through inhibition of myeloperoxidase, adenosine deaminase, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased induction of nitric oxide synthesis and levels of interleukin-1β. Studies show that solidagenone at a concentration of 100 mg/kg showed activity similar to lansoprazole (20 mg/kg), the effect occurs without changes in the gastric mucosa or on acid secretion. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity and may act in a satisfactory way in cases involving the inflammatory response, such as injuries due to trauma, repetitive stress, pain, and healing. The inhibition of anti-inflammatory response is on the base of all these described effects. In spite of the fact that S. chilensis has been used since ancient times in Brazilian traditional medicine, and the existence of preclinical pharmacological end toxicological evidence for its efficacy as an inhibitor of anti-inflammatory response, we could find only a single clinical trial study carried out in treating lumbago. In this lack of clinical pharmacology and toxicology evidence for its uses, its safety and therapeutic indications are guaranteed, up to this moment, by traditional knowledge.
