Prime-G^+工艺在40万t/a汽油加氢装置改造中的应用

为生产满足国Ⅴ排放标准的汽油产品,山东某石油化工有限公司对40万t/a催化汽油加氢装置进行改造。改造采用法国Axens公司的Prime-G^+催化裂化汽油固定床选择性加氢脱硫处理技术。结果表明:改造后,以催化裂化汽油为原料,经过选择性加氢反应及加氢脱硫处理,可以生产出满足国Ⅴ排放标准要求的汽油产品,其辛烷值损失2.3个单位。

Epigenetic Enabled Normal Human Cells, Lead to <i>First Cell</i>’s Unique Division System, Driving Tumorigenesis Evolution

Normal cells must become cancer-enabling before anything else occurs, according to latest literature. The goal in this mini-review is to demonstrate special tetraploidy in the enabling process. This we have shown from genomic damage, DDR (DNA Damage Response) activity with skip of mitosis leading to diploid G2 cells at the G1 border in need of chromatin repair for continued cell cycling to the special tetraploid division system. In several studies specific methylation transferase genes were activated in normal human cells in tissue fields, containing different cell growth stages of the cancerous process. Histology studies, in addition to molecular chemistry for identification of oncogenic mutational change, were a welcome change (see below). In a study on melanoma origin, DDR also showed arrested diploid cells regaining cycling from methylation transferase activity with causation of 2n melanocytes transforming to 4n melanoblasts, giving rise to epigenetic tumorigenesis enabled First Cells. Such First Cells were from Barrett’s esophagus shown to have inherited the unique division system from 4n diplochromosomal cells, first described in mouse ascites cancer cells (below). We discovered that the large nucleus prior to chromosomal division turned 90° relative to the cytoskeleton axis, and divided genome reductive to diploid, First Cells, in a perpendicular orientation to the surrounding normal cells they had originated from. This unique division system was herein shown to occur at metastasis stage, implying activity throughout the cancerous evolution. Another study showed 4-chromatid tetraploidy in development to B-cell lymphoma, and that such cancer cells also proliferated with participation of this unusual division system. Such participation has long been known from Bloom’s inherited syndrome with repair chiasmas between the four chromatids, also an in vitro observation by us. Our cytogenetic approach also revealed that they believed mitotic division in cancer cells is wrong because such cell divisions were found to be from an adaptation between amitosis and mitosis, called amitotic-mitosis. Amitosis means division without centrosomes, which has long been known from oral cancer cells, in that MOTCs (microtubule organizing center) were lacking centrioles. This observation calls for re-introduction of karyotype and cell division studies in cancer cell proliferation. It has high probability of contributing novel approaches to cancer control from screening of drugs against the amitotic-mitotic division apparatus.

催化裂化汽油选择性加氢脱硫装置的工艺选择

为生产超低硫清洁汽油,对比分析了CDHDS及Prime-G+这2种典型催化裂化汽油选择性加氢脱硫工艺的流程选择、催化剂选用、主要操作参数、产品质量和主要公用工程消耗情况。结果表明,在工艺流程方面,2种工艺在轻汽油处理单元均采用全馏分汽油加氢技术,CDHDS工艺在重汽油加氢脱硫单元采用的是催化蒸馏加氢脱硫技术,略优于Prime-G+工艺采用的固定床加氢脱硫技术;2种工艺使用的催化剂略有不同;在工业设计方面,采用这2种工艺虽然均可生产出超低硫清洁汽油,但与Prime-G+工艺相比,CDHDS工艺的主要操作参数略优,公用工程消耗较低。