AIM:To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS:Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epith...AIM:To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS:Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or inverted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria,Bifidobacterium lactis AD011 (BL),Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 (BB),Lactobacillus casei IBS041 (LC),and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 (LA),for 12 h.Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:BB and LC in single-cultured DC increased the expression of I-Ad,CD86 and CD40 (I-Ad,18.51 vs 30.88,46.11;CD86,62.74 vs 92.7,104.12;CD40,0.67 vs 6.39,3.37,P < 0.05).All of the experimental probiot-ics increased the production of inflammatory cytokines,interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.However,in the normal co-culture systems,LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A d (39.46 vs 30.32,33.26,P < 0.05),and none of the experimental probiotics increased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α.In the inverted coculture systems,LC decreased the expression of CD40 (1.36 vs-2.27,P < 0.05),and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6.In addition,BL increased the production of IL-10 (103.8 vs 166.0,P < 0.05) and LC and LA increased transforming growth factor-β secretion (235.9 vs 618.9,607.6,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that specific probiotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sinonasal malignancies are rare but demanding due to complex anatomy,usually late diagnosis,and inconsistent therapy strategy based on multimodality approaches.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most common...BACKGROUND Sinonasal malignancies are rare but demanding due to complex anatomy,usually late diagnosis,and inconsistent therapy strategy based on multimodality approaches.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most common histology,with poorer prognosis.In the setting of orbital invasion,an orbital exenteration may be required.However,in case of primary rejection of disfiguring surgery or unresectable disease,proton beam therapy(PBT)should be largely considered,allowing for better sparing of neighboring critical structures and improved outcomes by dose escalation.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old male presented with a recurrent SCC in the nasal septum abutting frontal skull base and bilateral orbits at 7 mo after primary partial nasal amputation.Because of refusal of face-deforming surgery and considerable adverse effects of conventional radiotherapy,the patient underwent a PBT by hyperfractionated accelerated scheme,resulting in complete response and moderate toxicities.After 2 years,a nasal reconstruction was implemented with satisfactory appearance and recurrence-freedom to date.Another patient with an initially extended sinonasal SCC,invading right orbit and facial soft tissue,declined an orbital exenteration and was treated with a normofractionated PBT to the gross tumor and elective cervical lymphatics.The follow-up showed a continuous tumor remission with reasonable late toxicities,such as cataract and telangiectasia on the right.Despite T4a stage and disapproval of concurrent chemotherapy owing to individual choice,both patients still achieved outstanding treatment outcomes with PBT alone.CONCLUSION PBT enabled orbit preservation and excellent tumor control without severe adverse effects on both presented patients with locally advanced sinonasal SCC.展开更多
Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone produced mainly in the pineal gland in a clear circadian fashion, has diverse physiological functions, such as the control of circadian rhythms, sleep regulation, antioxidant, etc. ...Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone produced mainly in the pineal gland in a clear circadian fashion, has diverse physiological functions, such as the control of circadian rhythms, sleep regulation, antioxidant, etc. Recently, accumulating researches about melatonin and pain have been reported. In this review, comparison and summary about analgesic/proalgesic effect of melatonin in inflammatory and neuropathic pain will be made. Some possible pathways of melatonin involved in dual pain modulation might help to explain all these conflicting results in various situations.展开更多
基金Supported by The Small and Medium Business Administration,No. S1072365the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program,No. PJ008005,Rural Development Administration,South Korea
文摘AIM:To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS:Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or inverted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria,Bifidobacterium lactis AD011 (BL),Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 (BB),Lactobacillus casei IBS041 (LC),and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 (LA),for 12 h.Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:BB and LC in single-cultured DC increased the expression of I-Ad,CD86 and CD40 (I-Ad,18.51 vs 30.88,46.11;CD86,62.74 vs 92.7,104.12;CD40,0.67 vs 6.39,3.37,P < 0.05).All of the experimental probiot-ics increased the production of inflammatory cytokines,interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.However,in the normal co-culture systems,LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A d (39.46 vs 30.32,33.26,P < 0.05),and none of the experimental probiotics increased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α.In the inverted coculture systems,LC decreased the expression of CD40 (1.36 vs-2.27,P < 0.05),and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6.In addition,BL increased the production of IL-10 (103.8 vs 166.0,P < 0.05) and LC and LA increased transforming growth factor-β secretion (235.9 vs 618.9,607.6,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that specific probiotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.
文摘BACKGROUND Sinonasal malignancies are rare but demanding due to complex anatomy,usually late diagnosis,and inconsistent therapy strategy based on multimodality approaches.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most common histology,with poorer prognosis.In the setting of orbital invasion,an orbital exenteration may be required.However,in case of primary rejection of disfiguring surgery or unresectable disease,proton beam therapy(PBT)should be largely considered,allowing for better sparing of neighboring critical structures and improved outcomes by dose escalation.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old male presented with a recurrent SCC in the nasal septum abutting frontal skull base and bilateral orbits at 7 mo after primary partial nasal amputation.Because of refusal of face-deforming surgery and considerable adverse effects of conventional radiotherapy,the patient underwent a PBT by hyperfractionated accelerated scheme,resulting in complete response and moderate toxicities.After 2 years,a nasal reconstruction was implemented with satisfactory appearance and recurrence-freedom to date.Another patient with an initially extended sinonasal SCC,invading right orbit and facial soft tissue,declined an orbital exenteration and was treated with a normofractionated PBT to the gross tumor and elective cervical lymphatics.The follow-up showed a continuous tumor remission with reasonable late toxicities,such as cataract and telangiectasia on the right.Despite T4a stage and disapproval of concurrent chemotherapy owing to individual choice,both patients still achieved outstanding treatment outcomes with PBT alone.CONCLUSION PBT enabled orbit preservation and excellent tumor control without severe adverse effects on both presented patients with locally advanced sinonasal SCC.
文摘Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone produced mainly in the pineal gland in a clear circadian fashion, has diverse physiological functions, such as the control of circadian rhythms, sleep regulation, antioxidant, etc. Recently, accumulating researches about melatonin and pain have been reported. In this review, comparison and summary about analgesic/proalgesic effect of melatonin in inflammatory and neuropathic pain will be made. Some possible pathways of melatonin involved in dual pain modulation might help to explain all these conflicting results in various situations.
