Review on Innovative Catalytic Reforming of Natural Gas to Syngas

Decreasing supplies of high quality crude oil and increasing demand for high quality distillates have motivated the interest in converting natural gas to liquid fuels, especially with the present boom in natural gas proven reserves. Nevertheless, one major issue is the curtailment of costs incurred in producing synthesis gas from natural gas, which account for approximately 60% of the costs used in producing liquid fuels. While there are three main routes to convert natural gas to syngas: steam reforming (SMR), partial Oxidation (POX) and auto-thermal reforming (ATR). Significant new developments and improvements in these technologies, established innovative processes to minimize greenhouse gases emission, minimize energy consumption, enhance syngas processes, adjust the desired H2/CO ratio and change the baseline economics. This article reviews the state of the art for the reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas taking into consideration all the new innovations in both processes and catalysis.

Experiments on Development of Channel Pattern in the Process of River Reformation

The changing of flow conditions caused by construction of hydro-projects will result in river's refor- mation and development of channel pattern.In this paper,the development of channel pattern in the process of reformation is studied by means of flume experiments.Influence of slope,grain size,angle-of-inflow,dis- charge and discharge process are comprehensively analyzed according to the experimental data.It was found that the channel would be widened as the river slope or discharge increased and grain s...

Bring into Full Play the Role of Catalytic Reforming Unit

This article after analyzing the current status of catalytic reforming technology in China puts forward a host of problems related with catalytic reforming capacity, feedstock, size and techno-economic indicators. To solve these problems it is proposed to properly increase the catalytic reforming capacity,extend the feedstock source, and eliminate the bottlenecks to boost the capacity of existing units, improve the operating and management level, as well as speed up R&D work, disseminate new technologies, new processes and novel catalysts.

How ＂New SOEs＂ Come of Age： Four Decades of China＇s SOE Reform

China＇s complex and twisted journey of SOE reform over the past four decades is an unprecedented transformation in its history and is at the center stage of its economic reforms. Over the past four decades, SOEs transitioned from being affiliates of a planned economy to ＂new SOEs＂ as modern enterprises under the market economic system. This journey can be roughly divided into the following four stages： the reform to expand SOE autonomy during 1978-1993, the reform to create a modern enterprise system during 1993- 2003, the reform to create a new system for the administration of state assets during 2003- 2013, and the new era of classified SOE reform since 2013. After the four stages, China＇s SOE reform has made tremendous achievements, particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress. V~th policy readiness for SOE reform in the new era, reform should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner for different types of SOEs in the future.

On Deepening Reform of Processing Trade Regulations

The processing trade has, since 1996, taken half of the total import and export trade value for a consecutive six years. Despite the impact and influence of the Asian financial crisis, it has maintained a momentum of steady growth. In the five years from 1997 to 2001, import and export value through the processing trade grew at an annual average rate of 10.5 percent, with exports growing at an annual average rate of 11.8 percent. This good growth momentum continued into

Migration of harmful elements in municipal sludge under hightemperature oxidation conditions

Municipal sludge is produced in large amounts and is difficult to treat.Incineration is the most direct and thorough treatment method.In order to study the feasibility of sintering for municipal sludge treatment,the municipal sludge reforming process was studied under high-temperature oxidation conditions.The results showed that the sludge reforming process could be divided into four stages:the precipitation and evaporation of adsorbed water,the precipitation and combustion of the volatile,the combustion of the residual volatile and solid carbon,and the decomposition of salts and the melting of sludge.An increase in the heating rate resulted in more intense sludge combustion and improved the sludge reaction capacity and combustion performance.After burning at 1300℃,Si,Ca,Mg,Al,K,Na,and Cu formed new phases and entered the slag.75%of P remained in the slag.80%of the S formed SO_(2) and entered the flue gas.Cl formed gaseous chlorides like HCl upon combustion and entered the flue gas.As sintering is a feasible method for treating municipal sludge,care must be taken to limit the amount of P that ends up in the ore.