Association of defective HLA-Ⅰ expression with antigen processing machinery and their association with clinicopathological characteristics in Kazak patients with esophageal cancer

Background It has been confirmed that defective expression of human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ （HLA-Ⅰ） molecules can contribute to the immune evasion of cancer cells in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HLA class Ⅰ antigen and the antigen-processing machinery （APM） components in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their role in high risk human papillomavirus （HPV） infection, and to analyze their association with histopathological characteristics in the Kazak ethnic group.Methods A total of 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC lesions were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China. The expression levels of HLA-Ⅰ antigen and APM components were determined by immunohistochemistry; the HPV DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results A high frequency of down-regulation or loss of expression of HLA and APM components were found in esophageal cancer in Kazak people. HLA-Ⅰ, TAP1, CNX, LMP7, Erp57, Tapasin and ERAP1 were down-regulated in 68%,44%, 48%, 40%, 52%, 32% and 20% of ESCC lesions then, respectively. The loss of expression of HLA-Ⅰ antigen was significantly correlated with part of the APM components and positively correlated with high risk HPV16 infection. TAP1,CNX, LMP7, Erp57 and Tapasin loss were significantly associated with tumor grading, lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our results suggest that APM component defects are a mechanism underlying HLA-Ⅰ antigen down-regulation in ESCC lesions, and indicate that the loss expression of HLA-Ⅰ and APM components will become an important marker of ESCC and analysis of HLA-Ⅰ and APM component expression can provide useful prognostic information for patients with ESCC from the Kazak ethnic group.

Overview of the Importance of Intelligent Approaches on Machinery Faults Diagnosis and Prediction Based on Prognostic and Health Management/Condition-Based Maintenance

Condition monitoring is increasingly used to anticipate and detect failures of industrial machines.Failures of machines can cause high maintenance or replacement costs.If neglected,it may result in catastrophic accidents leading to production shrinkage.The potential failure would negatively affect the profitability of the company,including production shut down,cost of spare parts,cost of labor,damage of reputation,risk of injury to people and the environment.In recent years,condition-based maintenance( CBM) and prognostic and health management( PHM) are developed and formed a strong connection among science,engineering,computer,reliability,communication,management,etc.Computerized maintenance management systems( CMMS) store a lot of data regarding the fault diagnosis and life prediction of the machinery equipment.It's too necessary to uncover useful knowledge from the huge amount of data.It's vital to find the ways to obtain useful and concise information from these data.This information can be of great influence in the decision making of managers.This article is a review of intelligent approaches in machinery faults diagnosis and prediction based on PHM and CBM.

Development of Customized Production Machine for Flue-cured Tobacco Formula Nutritional Soil

On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional flue-cured tobacco fired ash soil.In accordance with the feed grinding,mixing and processing integrated principle,processing machine for flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was developed.The clogging problem of mixing box was solved by improving grinding and stirring method of mixing system.Mechanized and large-scale production and commercialized supply of flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was piloted to simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of nutritional soil for flue-cured tobacco and meet the needs of green development of tobacco production,thereby creating good social and economic benefits.