Background: The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. It undergoes multiple changes during the menstrual cycle and prepares to welcome the fertilized egg. Endovaginal ultrasound is a first-lin...Background: The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. It undergoes multiple changes during the menstrual cycle and prepares to welcome the fertilized egg. Endovaginal ultrasound is a first-line examination in the assessment of female infertility. Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of endometrial status by endovaginal ultrasound on the outcome of embryo transfers. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 150 women collected between January and October 2020 at the “Le Diafounou” medically assisted procreation laboratory. Were included in the study, women presenting for desire of pregnancy and having continued the treatment until the transfer of fresh or frozen embryos. An uterine score was used. This score took into account the thickness of endometrium, it is coffee bean aspect, the presence of the notch, the echogenicity of the endometrium, the pulsatility index, the presence of the flow at the end of diastole and sub-endometrial flow. Ultrasounds were performed using a General Electric logic 500, logic 9 and Voluson E8 device. The data was entered into Excel and then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 150 women were selected for the study. 83 women or 55.3% were between 17 and 35 years old and 44.7% were over 35 years old with an upper limit of 50 years old. The number of women who became pregnant was 69% or 46%. The average thickness of the endometrium was 11.40 mm with extremes of 4.65 mm and 18.6 mm. There was a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium and obtaining a pregnancy (p i.e. 88.7%. The pulsatility index was relatively low for those who started a pregnancy, i.e. 90%. The high pulsatility index is one of the reasons for the failure of embryo implantation. The correlation was significant (p = 0.009). 141 women had no notch in the uterine arteries, i.e. 94%. 94 women or 62.7% had a triple line endometrium or typical coffee bean appearance. End-diastolic flow was observed in 127 women, i.e. 84.7%. The sub-endometrial flow was found in 128 women or 85.3%. Conclusion: The Knowledge of the status of the endometrium is essential and has an impact on the outcome of embryo transfers. The thinner (7 and <15). Doppler factors also play an important role.展开更多
Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have ha...Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.展开更多
The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. M...The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. Moreover, medically assisted procreation, which helps in numerous fertility problems, raises the question of new viral risks linked to the application of these new technologies. In this review, we shall consider current knowledge in terms of the presence of HSV 2 and HCMV in the different parts of the genital tract of immunocompetent or immunodepressed men. We shall also consider the possibility of viral transmission by the sexual act or by the various techniques used in medically assisted procreation. We shall describe studies in human beings and in animals.展开更多
Context: In Burkina Faso, there are young HIV-serodiscordant partners who want to get married and wish to procreate. Objectives: The purpose of this research was: 1) to assess the sexual behaviour of young people in B...Context: In Burkina Faso, there are young HIV-serodiscordant partners who want to get married and wish to procreate. Objectives: The purpose of this research was: 1) to assess the sexual behaviour of young people in Burkina Faso, 2) to estimate their knowledge about the modes of HIV transmission, 3) to appreciate the cultural reasons of the desire to procreate among HIV serodiscordant couples and 4) to draw some bioethical lessons. Methods: From April to Septemr 2009, the survey on HIV and reproductive health in Burkina Faso carried out with 815 young people. Among them, 407 were females and 408 males (average age: 23.59 ± 2.99). They have voluntarily agreed to answer a questionnaire which gave the following results. Results: This study shows that young people in Burkina Faso had their first sexual intercourse at 18.99 ± 2.76 years, 23.68% (193/815) were afraid to be tested for HIV, 30.92% (252/815) have not yet been tested for HIV-serostatus and 39.75% (324/815) of them have never heard of HIV vertical transmission. Despite the fact that 36.81% (300/815) are HIV negative, they would be willing to marry the beloved HIV positive person and amongst them, 28.34% (231/815) want a child even with an HIV positive person beloved. Conclusion: So far, there is no effective vaccine against HIV. However, it is clear that Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) associated with ethical and cultural good options can contribute to reduce the spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.展开更多
The paper aims mainly at deploring the reasons of the disharmony in marriage and family life of Edna, the heroine of Kate Chopin's The Awakening by analyzing the traditional social labor division and procreation c...The paper aims mainly at deploring the reasons of the disharmony in marriage and family life of Edna, the heroine of Kate Chopin's The Awakening by analyzing the traditional social labor division and procreation concept. And it is the unbalanced social labor division and the patriarchal procreation conception that caused the alienation between the husband and wife rather than the capriciousness of female.展开更多
Double commutative-step digraph generalizes the double-loop digraph. A double commutative-step digraph can be represented by an L-shaped tile, which periodically tessellates the plane. Given an initial tile L（l, h, x...Double commutative-step digraph generalizes the double-loop digraph. A double commutative-step digraph can be represented by an L-shaped tile, which periodically tessellates the plane. Given an initial tile L（l, h, x, y）, Aguil5 et al. define a discrete iteration L（p） = L（l ＋ 2p, h ＋ 2p, x ＋ p, y ＋ p）, p = 0, 1, 2,..., over L-shapes （equivalently over double commutative-step digraphs）, and obtain an orbit generated by L（l, h, x,y）, which is said to be a procreating k-tight tile if L（p）（p = 0, 1, 2, ~ ~ ~ ） are all k-tight tiles. They classify the set of L-shaped tiles by its behavior under the above-mentioned discrete dynamics and obtain some procreating tiles of double commutative-step digraphs. In this work, with an approach proposed by Li and Xu et al., we define some new discrete iteration over L-shapes and classify the set of tiles by the procreating condition. We also propose some approaches to find infinite families of realizable k-tight tiles starting from any realizable k-tight L-shaped tile L（l, h, x, y）, 0 ≤ y - x ≤ 2k ＋ 2. As an example, we present an infinite family of 3-tight optimal double-loop networks to illustrate our approaches.展开更多
文摘Background: The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. It undergoes multiple changes during the menstrual cycle and prepares to welcome the fertilized egg. Endovaginal ultrasound is a first-line examination in the assessment of female infertility. Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of endometrial status by endovaginal ultrasound on the outcome of embryo transfers. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 150 women collected between January and October 2020 at the “Le Diafounou” medically assisted procreation laboratory. Were included in the study, women presenting for desire of pregnancy and having continued the treatment until the transfer of fresh or frozen embryos. An uterine score was used. This score took into account the thickness of endometrium, it is coffee bean aspect, the presence of the notch, the echogenicity of the endometrium, the pulsatility index, the presence of the flow at the end of diastole and sub-endometrial flow. Ultrasounds were performed using a General Electric logic 500, logic 9 and Voluson E8 device. The data was entered into Excel and then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 150 women were selected for the study. 83 women or 55.3% were between 17 and 35 years old and 44.7% were over 35 years old with an upper limit of 50 years old. The number of women who became pregnant was 69% or 46%. The average thickness of the endometrium was 11.40 mm with extremes of 4.65 mm and 18.6 mm. There was a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium and obtaining a pregnancy (p i.e. 88.7%. The pulsatility index was relatively low for those who started a pregnancy, i.e. 90%. The high pulsatility index is one of the reasons for the failure of embryo implantation. The correlation was significant (p = 0.009). 141 women had no notch in the uterine arteries, i.e. 94%. 94 women or 62.7% had a triple line endometrium or typical coffee bean appearance. End-diastolic flow was observed in 127 women, i.e. 84.7%. The sub-endometrial flow was found in 128 women or 85.3%. Conclusion: The Knowledge of the status of the endometrium is essential and has an impact on the outcome of embryo transfers. The thinner (7 and <15). Doppler factors also play an important role.
文摘Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.
文摘The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. Moreover, medically assisted procreation, which helps in numerous fertility problems, raises the question of new viral risks linked to the application of these new technologies. In this review, we shall consider current knowledge in terms of the presence of HSV 2 and HCMV in the different parts of the genital tract of immunocompetent or immunodepressed men. We shall also consider the possibility of viral transmission by the sexual act or by the various techniques used in medically assisted procreation. We shall describe studies in human beings and in animals.
文摘Context: In Burkina Faso, there are young HIV-serodiscordant partners who want to get married and wish to procreate. Objectives: The purpose of this research was: 1) to assess the sexual behaviour of young people in Burkina Faso, 2) to estimate their knowledge about the modes of HIV transmission, 3) to appreciate the cultural reasons of the desire to procreate among HIV serodiscordant couples and 4) to draw some bioethical lessons. Methods: From April to Septemr 2009, the survey on HIV and reproductive health in Burkina Faso carried out with 815 young people. Among them, 407 were females and 408 males (average age: 23.59 ± 2.99). They have voluntarily agreed to answer a questionnaire which gave the following results. Results: This study shows that young people in Burkina Faso had their first sexual intercourse at 18.99 ± 2.76 years, 23.68% (193/815) were afraid to be tested for HIV, 30.92% (252/815) have not yet been tested for HIV-serostatus and 39.75% (324/815) of them have never heard of HIV vertical transmission. Despite the fact that 36.81% (300/815) are HIV negative, they would be willing to marry the beloved HIV positive person and amongst them, 28.34% (231/815) want a child even with an HIV positive person beloved. Conclusion: So far, there is no effective vaccine against HIV. However, it is clear that Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) associated with ethical and cultural good options can contribute to reduce the spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.
文摘The paper aims mainly at deploring the reasons of the disharmony in marriage and family life of Edna, the heroine of Kate Chopin's The Awakening by analyzing the traditional social labor division and procreation concept. And it is the unbalanced social labor division and the patriarchal procreation conception that caused the alienation between the husband and wife rather than the capriciousness of female.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60473142)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Education Bureau of China(No.ZD2008005-1)
文摘Double commutative-step digraph generalizes the double-loop digraph. A double commutative-step digraph can be represented by an L-shaped tile, which periodically tessellates the plane. Given an initial tile L（l, h, x, y）, Aguil5 et al. define a discrete iteration L（p） = L（l ＋ 2p, h ＋ 2p, x ＋ p, y ＋ p）, p = 0, 1, 2,..., over L-shapes （equivalently over double commutative-step digraphs）, and obtain an orbit generated by L（l, h, x,y）, which is said to be a procreating k-tight tile if L（p）（p = 0, 1, 2, ~ ~ ~ ） are all k-tight tiles. They classify the set of L-shaped tiles by its behavior under the above-mentioned discrete dynamics and obtain some procreating tiles of double commutative-step digraphs. In this work, with an approach proposed by Li and Xu et al., we define some new discrete iteration over L-shapes and classify the set of tiles by the procreating condition. We also propose some approaches to find infinite families of realizable k-tight tiles starting from any realizable k-tight L-shaped tile L（l, h, x, y）, 0 ≤ y - x ≤ 2k ＋ 2. As an example, we present an infinite family of 3-tight optimal double-loop networks to illustrate our approaches.
