Root Canal Treatment Outcome and Restorative Condition of Teeth Treated by Undergraduates—A Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation

Background: The aim was to evaluate the nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment (nRCT) outcome, the restorative condition and the relationship between the coronal restoration quality and the outcome of teeth endodontic treated by undergraduates at the University of Caxias do Sul School of Dentistry (UCS-SD), Brazil, between 2019 and 2021. Materials and Methods: Data from the endodontically treated cases were retrieved, and the patients were recalled for a follow-up appointment at the university. The endodontic diagnosis, radiographs, and the presence of definitive restorations were analyzed in the clinical records. During the follow-up appointment, endodontically treated teeth were classified as present or absent. The nRCT was classified as successful (complete or incomplete healing) or failure (uncertain or unsatisfactory healing). Coronal restoration was classified as absent or present. When it was present, it was classified as permanent or temporary, and its quality as adequate or inadequate restoration. The results were presented as percentages. Results: A total of 257 teeth were endodontically treated. The most prevalent diagnosis was Chronic Apical Periodontitis (33.33%) and the most commonly treated teeth were premolars (46.15%). A total of 52 (21%) treated teeth were clinically and radiographically reexamined. The success rate for the nRCT was 98.08%. About 61.54% of this sample had a definitive composite resin restoration. Conclusion: The nRCT success rate was high. Special attention should be given to the presence and quality of the definitive restoration. Clinical Implications: There was no statistically significant impact between the coronal restoration and the nRCT success (P > 0.05).

Hepatobiliary manifestations following two-stages elective laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy for patients with ulcerative colitis:A prospective observational study

BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary manifestations occur in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients.The effect of laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy(LRP)with ileal pouch anal anastomosis(IPAA)on hepatobiliary manifestations is debated.AIM To evaluate hepatobiliary changes after two-stages elective laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy for patients with UC.METHODS Between June 2013 and June 2018,167 patients with hepatobiliary symptoms underwent two-stage elective LRP for UC in a prospective observational study.Patients with UC and having at least one hepatobiliary manifestation who underwent LRP with IPAA were included in the study.The patients were followed up for four years to assess the outcomes of hepatobiliary manifestations.RESULTS The patients'mean age was 36±8 years,and males predominated(67.1%).The most common hepatobiliary diagnostic method was liver biopsy(85.6%),followed by Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(63.5%),Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(62.5%),abdominal ultrasonography(35.9%),and Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(6%).The most common hepatobiliary symptom was Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)(62.3%),followed by fatty liver(16.8%)and gallbladder stone(10.2%).66.4%of patients showed a stable course after surgery.Progressive or regressive courses occurred in 16.8%of each.Mortality was 6%,and recurrence or progression of symptoms required surgery for 15%.Most PSC patients(87.5%)had a stable course,and only 12.5%became worse.Two-thirds(64.3%)of fatty liver patients showed a regressive course,while one-third(35.7%)showed a stable course.Survival rates were 98.8%,97%,95.8%,and 94%at 12 mo,24 mo,36 mo,and at the end of the follow-up.CONCLUSION In patients with UC who had LRP,there is a positive impact on hepatobiliary disease.It caused an improvement in PSC and fatty liver disease.The most prevalent unchanged course was PSC,while the most common improvement was fatty liver disease.

Acute optic neuritis: a clinical paradigm for evaluation of neuroprotective and restorative strategies?

What makes the acute optic neuritis model unique in an era of trials for neuroprotective and myelin repair agents？Acute optic neuritis（AON）is a common,and often the earliest manifestation of central nervous system（CNS）inflammatory demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis （MS） and neuromyelitis optica （NMO）.

Twelve-month evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment approach for class Ⅲ restorations:An interventional study

BACKGROUND Atraumatic restorative treatment(ART)may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability.More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.AIM To evaluate the clinical performance of restoring class III cavities in anterior teeth of permanent dentition using the ART approach.METHODS A longitudinal interventional field study was carried out at two rural primary health centers,Tumkur district,India.A total of 54 teeth in 39 patients were evaluated for the survival rate of class III restorations in permanent anterior teeth using the ART approach in children and adult populations.Evaluation of ART restoration was carried out using Frencken J criteria,the mean procedure time,patient acceptance and reported pain severity during the ART approach were evaluated using a visual analog scale.Calculation of the cost of ART was also performed.RESULTS The mean time taken to perform the ART procedure was 14.79±5.8 min with the majority of patients reporting only mild pain.At 6 mo follow-up,72.2%remained in a good state,but this reduced to 27%at 12 mo.The cumulative survival rate of the restorations was 94.4%at 6 mo and 80.9%at 12 mo follow-up.Estimation of the direct cost for a single class III restoration was 186.50 INR(2.64 USD).CONCLUSION ART may be a good comprehensive option for basic oral health care for underserved or inaccessible populations,and preventive care for patients.

Handling iron in restorative neuroscience

The transition metal iron exerts essential roles in the central nervous system（CNS）for oxygen transport,myelin formation,and synthesis of neurotransmitters.Being redox active,iron switches between ferrous and ferric states.Switching between oxygen states also makes iron an important inducer of reactive oxygen species through the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions.

Evaluation of 4 different bone graft substitutes and autogenous bone grafting in root-end resection osteotomies after retrograde root-filling with Intermediate Restorative Material(IRM):An experimental study in dogs

Purpose: To investigate the periapical tissue response after root end filling with intermediate restorative material (IRM) and filling of the root-end resection bone defects with autogenous bone or a bone graft substitute in comparison to empty controls. Materials and Methods: Vital roots of the second, third and fourth mandibular premolars in six healthy mongrel dogs were apectomized. The root canals were prepared and sealed with IRM following a standardized surgical procedure. The resection bone defects were either filled with autogenous bone (PB) or one of the bone graft substitutes;CERAMENTTM|BONE VOID FILLER, ChronOS?, TigranTM PTG, Easygraft? CLASSIC or left empty. After 120 days the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were analyzed radiologically and histologically. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for statistical evaluation. Results: 34 sections were analyzed histologically. The evaluation revealed a variation in the outcome amongst the tested options, regarding reestablishment of the periapical bone healing and inflammatory infiltration in the sections. According to the tested variables, there was no statistical significant difference between the materials when comparing all groups as a whole. When comparing individual materials to each other there was statistical differences among some of the tested materials. Conclusion: The healing outcome after periapical surgery of a five-wall resection defect could not be increased by infill with autogenous bone or bone graft substitutes. The most important factor for the healing outcome in periapical surgery is the quality of the root-end sealing. The healing outcome after some of the tested bone substitutes, might be improved by longer healing time.

Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with synchronous rectal cancer

We report on a patient diagnosed with PeutzJeghers syndrome(PJS) with synchronous rectal cancer who was treated with laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA). PJS is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and increased risks of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal cancer. This report presents a patient with a 20-year history of intermittent bloody stool, mucocutaneous pigmentation and a family history of PJS, which together led to a diagnosis of PJS. Moreover, colonoscopy and biopsy revealed the presence of multiple serried giant pedunculated polyps and rectal adenocarcinoma. Currently, few options exist for the therapeutic management of PJS with synchronous rectal cancer. For this case, we adopted an unconventional surgical strategy and ultimately performed laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA. This procedure is widely considered to be the first-line treatment option for patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. However, there are no previous reports of treating PJS patients with laparoscopic IPAA. Since the operation, the patient has experienced no further episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding and has demonstrated satisfactory bowel control. Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with PJS with synchronous rectal cancer.

Risk aspects of dental restoratives: From amalgam to tooth-colored materials

Dental materials' choice of patients has considerably changed. Whereas cast gold and amalgam have been the predominant biomaterials for decades, today toothcolored materials like resin-based composites and ceramics are more and more successful. However, are we going to replace a good but biologically questionable material(amalgam) with an equal material(resin composite) being more esthetic but also biologically questionable? For amalgam, long-term clinical studies reported some significant hints that in single cases amalgam may be a health hazard for patients, finally Norway banned amalgam completely. The main advantage of a resin-based composite over amalgam is its tooth-like appearance and more or less absence of extensive preparation rules. For many years it was believed that resin-based composites may cause pulpal injury. However, pulpal injury associated with the use of resin-based composites is not correlated with their cytotoxic properties. Nevertheless, resin-based composites and other dental materials require rigorous safety evaluation and continuous monitoring to prevent adverse events similar like with amalgam. Because of nonbiocompatible pulp responses to resin-based composites and amalgam, they should not be placed in direct contact with the dental pulp. The less dentin remaining in the floor of preparations between resin-based composites or other dental materials is more likely to cause pulpitis. Percentage of patients and dental practitioners who display allergic reactions is between 0.7% and 2%. The release of cytotoxic monomers from resin-based materials is highest after polymerization and much lower after 1 wk. Substances released from resin-based composites have been shown to be toxic in cytotoxicity tests. Nevertheless, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have shown that amalgam has greater toxic effects than resin-based composites, sometime 100-700-fold higher. Altogether, the risk of side-effects is low, but not zero, especially for dental personnel.

Integration of Campus Greening and Restorative Landscape Construction in Vocational Colleges

This paper introduced the campus greening and construction of restorative landscapes,and then the principles of integrating campus greening and construction of restorative landscape for vocational colleges.Furthermore,the means and prospects of integrating campus greening and restorative landscape construction were proposed.

Effect of Polishing Procedure on the Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Provisional Restorative Materials

Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization and can create stagnation areas that promote the bonding of organic particles, thus facilitating the formation and maturation of the biofilm. The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness of two provisional prosthetic restorations materials and their bacterial susceptibility. In this study, two provisional restoration materials were used in two groups, A polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (NicTone MDC DENTAL) and B bis-acryl resin (Protemp 4 ESPE 3M). A total of 80 samples (40 samples of each material) were in thick plates of 10 × 10 mm and 2 mm high. 20 samples of each material were polished, while 20 were left unpolished. Subsequently, the samples were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy for their evaluation of surface roughness. The values were analyzed with t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. The samples were microbiologically inoculated with the strains obtained and identified from a provisional polymethyl methacrylate acrylic restoration in a patient, in order to observe bacterial adhesion using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Two strains, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomona luteola, were identified. The presence of the microorganisms was observed on the surface of both materials, either polished or unpolished, with a lower level of microorganism adhesion found on the bis-acrylic resin. There was a significant difference about surface roughness in the groups A and B with p -8). We found that the polished bis-acrylic resin showed lower surface roughness and bacterial adhesion in comparison with the polymethyl methacrylate.

An <i>in vitro</i>study of antimicrobial agents incorporated into interim restorative materials

Aim: To test the hypothesis that antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into bis-acryl resin and that the material will inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. Materials and Methods: 0.5%, 1% and 2% triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and 0.05% 0.01% and 0.15% cetylpyridinium chloride were incorporated into bis-acryl resins and molded into 1 mm × 10 mm discs. The discs were placed on bacterial culture media inoculated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4, Porphyromonas gingivalis strain SUNYaB A7A1-28 or Streptococcus gordonii strain 10558, incubated and examined for growth inhibition. Results: Triclosan-containing bisacryl resin discs produced dose-dependent zones of growth inhibition for A. actinomycetemcomitans but not S. gordonii or P. gingivalis. Cetylpyridinium chloride-containing discs produced dose-dependent zones of growth inhibition for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii but not A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion: Triclosan and cetylpyridinium chloride can be incorporated into bis-acryl resin and can inhibit the growth of plaque bacteria in a dose dependent manner. Bis-acryl resin containing antimicrobial agents may inhibit in vivo plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

Pouchitis and pre-pouch ileitis developed after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis:A case report

We report a case of pouchitis and pre-pouch ileitis, and inflammation in the neo-terminal ileum proximal to the pouch, developed after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. A 35-year old female presented with fever and abdominal pain five weeks after ileostomy closure following proctocolectomy. Computed tomography showed collection of feces in the pouch and proximal ileum. A drainage tube was placed in the pouch perianally, and purulent feces were discharged. With antibiotic treatment, her symptoms disappeared, but two weeks later, she repeatedly developed fever and abdominal pain along with anal bleeding. Pouchscopy showed mucosal inflammation in both the pouch and the pre-pouch ileum. The mucosal cytokine production was elevated in the pouch and pre-pouch ileum. With antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy, her symptoms were improved along with improvement of endoscopic inflammation and decrease of mucosal cytokine production. The fecal stasis with bacterial overgrowth is the major pathogenesis of pouchitis and pre-pouch ileitis in our case.

Postoperative changes of manometry after restorative proctocolectomy in Korean ulcerative colitis patients

To investigate the changes of postoperative anal sphincter function and bowel frequency in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODSA total of 127 patients with UC who underwent restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) during 20 years were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters of anal manometry and bowel frequency were compared according to the 6-mo intervals until 24 mo postoperatively. Manometry was used to measure the maximal squeezing pressure (MSP) and maximal resting pressure (MRP). RESULTSMSP decreased after surgery until 6 mo (157 to 142 mmHg); thereafter, it improved and was recovered to and maintained at the preoperative value at 12 mo postoperatively (142-170 mmHg, P < 0.001). Although the decreased MRP (65 to 56 mmHg) improved after 18 mo (62 mmHg), it did not completely recover to the preoperative value. The decreased rectal capacity after surgery (90 to 82 mL) gradually increased up to 150 mL at 24 mo. Although bowel frequency showed significant gradual decreases at each interval, it was stabilized after 12 mo postoperatively (6.5 times/d). CONCLUSIONPostoperative changes of manometry and bowel frequency after restorative proctocolectomy in Korean patients with UC were not different from those in Western patients with UC.

Role of ileostomy in restorative proctocolectomy

Restorative proctocolectomy(RP) is the treatment of choice in patients affected with refractory ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis.Surgery in elective settings is often performed in 2 stages,fashioning an ileostomy which is closed 2-3-mo later.It is still debated whether omitting ileostomy could offer advantages in the management of patients undergoing RP.

The Spiritual Principles of Restorative Justice and the Efficiency Principles of Modern Capitalism:A Path Towards Reconciliation?

Restorative justice represents a paradigm shift away from a retributive approach to justice to one of restoration as a way of healing the harms to individuals and communities that have been affected by crime.It works from a recognition and acceptance of the interrelationships and interdependencies of individuals within a community.Sustainable development operates from the same point of view,recognizing that to heal and sustain the physical environment,interrelationships and interdependencies must be recognized.In the restorative process,in order for a healing to take place the victim’s voice is made prominent and the offender must take responsibility and be accountable for the harm that has occurred.In the context of more and more acceptance by corporations of the importance of sustainability,and by inference the acceptance of the paradigm shift that sustainability relies on,will corporations become ready to participate in restorative processes?

Judicial Protection and Restorative Justice of the Support Rights and Interests for the Elderly Rights——Taking the Sample of Judgement Documents from 2013-2018 as Analysis Object

The support rights and interests of the elderly is one of the core issues of an aging society.Judging from the judgment documents on support dispute cases in recent years,maintenance disputes mainly occur in the kinship structure of parents and children,the support obligators are mainly men,the content of support is mainly material appeals.In the judicial process,there are some characteristics worth studying,such as lawyers,intervention,judges,thinking,reasoning and expression.In view of this,the current development direction of the judicial protection of elderly’s rights and interests in China should be carried out around the goal of"restorative justice"and efforts should be made,such concept renewal,system improvement and spiritual support prospect.

Cumulative incidence and risk factors for pouch adenomas associated with familial adenomatous polyposis following restorative proctocolectomy

BACKGROUND The emergence of restorative total proctocolectomy has significantly reduced the lifetime colorectal cancer risk associated with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP).However,adenomas may develop in the ileal pouch over time and may even progress to carcinoma.We evaluated the cumulative incidence,time to development,and risk factors associated with ileal pouch adenoma.AIM To evaluate the cumulative incidence,time to development,and risk factors associated with pouch adenoma.METHODS In this retrospective,observational study conducted at a tertiary center,95 patients with FAP who underwent restorative proctocolectomy at our center between 1989 and 2018 were consecutively included.The mean follow-up period was 88 mo.RESULTS Pouch adenomas were found in 24(25.3%)patients,with a median time of 52 mo to their first formation.Tubular adenomas were detected in most patients(95.9%).There were no high-grade dysplasia or malignancies.Of the 24 patients with pouch adenomas,13 had all detected adenomas removed.Among the 13 patients who underwent complete adenoma removal,four(38.5%)developed recurrence.Among 11(45.8%)patients with numerous polyps within the pouch,seven(63.6%)exhibited progression of pouch adenoma.The cumulative risks of pouch adenoma development at 5,10,and 15 years after pouch surgery were 15.2%,29.6%,and 44.1%,respectively.Severe colorectal polyposis(with more than 1000 polyps)was a significant risk factor for pouch adenoma development(hazard ratio,2.49;95% confidence interval:1.04-5.96;P=0.041).CONCLUSION Pouch adenomas occur at a fairly high rate in association with FAP after restorative proctocolectomy,and a high colorectal polyp count is associated with pouch adenoma development.

Current Concepts in Restorative Implant Dentistry

Patients today are increasingly aware of dental implants,and their expectations are for esthetically and functionally pleasing implant restorations that mimic natural teeth.This presentation will give both the experienced and novice practitioner a better understanding of how restorative implant dentistry has evolved.Treatment planning and restorative options for single implants,multiple implants and fully edentulous arches will be discussed,and the use of modern materials and CADCAM technology in fabricating the most contemporary fixed implant supported prostheses will be demonstrated.

Flexural Strength of Temporary Restorative Materials Stored in Different Solutions

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different solutions on the flexural strength of one methacrylate-based resin and three bis-acryl resin provisional materials using an in vitro model test system. Methods: The specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were prepared from interim materials and stored for 14 days at 37&deg;C in different solutions (coffee, burn, cola) and distilled water (control group). A standard three-point bending test was conducted on the specimens with an Instron universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD multiple comprasion tests. Results: The methacry-late-based resin (Takilon) showed the least fracture strength (61.6 - 85.6 MPa). One of the bis-acryl resins (Protemp 4-3M ESPE) showed the highest fracture strength (112 - 128 MPa). Conclusions: All bis-acryl resin composite materials exhibited high fracture strength over the traditional methyl methacrylate resin throughout the 14 day time interval of investigation. The different solutions have not statistically significant effect on the flexure strength values on four temporary materials.

How Multi-Sensory Perception Plays a Landscape Restorative Role in Adelaide's Urban Green Space

Urban green space is an effective psychological restoration landscape site.However,Adelaide's urban green space tends to focus on visual design but neglect non-visual senses.Sensory influence is interactive and has profound and subtle effects on tourists.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between auditory,tactile,and psychological restoration ofxirban green space from a multi-sensory perspective.This study used quantitative research methods to investigate auditory and tactile-related landscape factors that have a positive effect on restoration.It is expected that this study will contribute to the high-quality restoration of urban green space and promote human health.