Product Data Model for Performance-driven Design

When designing large-sized complex machinery products, the design focus is always on the overall per- formance; however, there exist no design theory and method based on performance driven. In view of the defi- ciency of the existing design theory, according to the performance features of complex mechanical products, the performance indices are introduced into the traditional design theory of ＂Requirement-Function-Structure＂ to construct a new five-domain design theory of ＂Client Requirement-Function-Performance-Structure-Design Parameter＂. To support design practice based on this new theory, a product data model is established by using per- formance indices and the mapping relationship between them and the other four domains. When the product data model is applied to high-speed train design and combining the existing research result and relevant standards, the corresponding data model and its structure involving five domains of high-speed trains are established, which can provide technical support for studying the relationships between typical performance indices and design parame- ters and the fast achievement of a high-speed train scheme design. The five domains provide a reference for the design specification and evaluation criteria of high speed train and a new idea for the train＇s parameter design.

Statecharts for Distributed Product Data Management System Modelling

Product data management (PDM) has been accepted as an important tool for the manufacturing industries. In recent years, more and mor e researches have been conducted in the development of PDM. Their research area s include system design, integration of object-oriented technology, data distri bution, collaborative and distributed manufacturing working environment, secur ity, and web-based integration. However, there are limitations on their rese arches. In particular, they cannot cater for PDM in distributed manufacturing e nvironment. This is especially true in South China, where many Hong Kong (HK) ma nufacturers have moved their production plants to different locations in Pearl R iver Delta for cost reduction. However, they retain their main offices in HK. Development of PDM system is inherently complex. Product related data cover prod uct name, product part number (product identification), drawings, material speci fications, dimension requirement, quality specification, test result, log size, production schedules, product data version and date of release, special tooling (e.g. jig and fixture), mould design, project engineering in charge, cost spread sheets, while process data includes engineering release, engineering change info rmation management, and other workflow related to the process information. Accor ding to Cornelissen et al., the contemporary PDM system should contains manageme nt functions in structure, retrieval, release, change, and workflow. In system design, development and implementation, a formal specification is nece ssary. However, there is no formal representation model for PDM system. Theref ore a graphical representation model is constructed to express the various scena rios of interactions between users and the PDM system. Statechart is then used to model the operations of PDM system, Fig.1. Statechart model bridges the curr ent gap between requirements, scenarios, and the initial design specifications o f PDM system. After properly analyzing the PDM system, a new distributed PDM (DPDM) system is proposed. Both graphical representation and statechart models are constructed f or the new DPDM system, Fig.2. New product data of DPDM and new system function s are then investigated to support product information flow in the new distribut ed environment. It is found that statecharts allow formal representations to capture the informa tion and control flows of both PDM and DPDM. In particular, statechart offers a dditional expressive power, when compared to conventional state transition diagr am, in terms of hierarchy, concurrency, history, and timing for DPDM behavioral modeling.

Establishment of Person and Enterprise Process Model in Product Data Management System

Before the implementation of product data management (PDM) system, person model and enterprise process model (EPM) must be firstly established. For the convenience of project management, all the related users must be allocated to the “Person User Role Group” net. Based on the person model and the direction of information flow, the EPM is established subsequently. The EPM consists of several release levels, in which the access controls are defined. The EPM procedure shows the blueprint of the workflow process structure. The establishment of person model and EPM in an enterprise has been instanced at the end of this paper.

Research on Digital Product Modeling Key Technologies of Digital Manufacturing

With the globalization and diversification of the market and the rapid development of Information Technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI),the digital revolution of manufacturing is coming.One of the key technologies in digital manufacturing is product digital modeling.This paper firstly analyzes the information and features of the product digital model during each stage in the product whole lifecycle,then researches on the three critical technologies of digital modeling in digital man- ufacturing-product modeling,standard for the exchange of product model data and digital product data management.And the potential signification of the product digital model during the process of digital manufacturing is concluded-product digital model integrates primary features of each stage during the product whole lifecycle based on graphic features,applies STEP as data ex- change mechanism,and establishes PDM system to manage the large amount,complicated and dynamic product data to implement the product digital model data exchange,sharing and integration.

An Open Architecture and Implementation for Product Data Management

In this paper, an open architecture and its implementation for product data management are presented. The system architecture, product data definition model, and a set of components of the architecture are discussed in detail. Especially, the principle and some mechanism of one of the components, an object oriented database management system GH-EODB, are discussed in more detail. The architecture is extensible and adaptable.

Tea Production Response to Seasonal Rainfall Variability: Evidence from Rwanda

Tea is a very important cash crop in Rwanda, as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. From 2017 to 2020, this study was intended to determine the impact of seasonal rainfall on tea output in Rwanda while still considering temperature, plot size (land), and fertiliser for tea plantations in three of Rwanda’s western, southern, and northern provinces, western province with “Gisovu” and “Nyabihu”, southern with “Kitabi”, and northern with “Mulindi” tea company. The study tested the level of statistical significance of all considered variables in different formulation of panel data models to assess individual behaviour of independent variables that would affect tea production. According to this study, a positive change in rainfall of 1 mm will increase tea production by 0.215 percentage points of tons of fresh leaves. Rainfall is a statistically significant variable among all variables with a positive impact on tea output Qitin Rwanda’s Western, Southern, and Northern provinces. Rainfall availability favourably affects tea output and supports our claim. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration efforts towards developing sustainable adaptation and mitigation options against climate change, targeting tea farming and the government to ensure that tea policy reforms are targeted towards raising the competitiveness of Rwandan tea at local and global market.

数据要素驱动新质生产力发展的机制、挑战与应对措施

数字经济背景下,新质生产力的发展高度依赖数据要素的有效利用。数据要素在推动新质生产力发展中具有关键作用,其在丰富劳动资料、融合生产要素、拓展劳动领域以及推动商业模式创新中展现出多重驱动机制。数据要素凭借其可重复使用、低边际成本和强整合能力,逐渐成为新质生产力的核心驱动力。通过与技术、管理、资本等要素的深度融合,数据要素显著提升生产效率和管理水平,加速生产力体系的升级。数据要素的应用延展了劳动的边界,助力智能制造、平台经济及人工智能领域的发展,催生出灵活多样的新型劳动模式。此外,数据要素在商业模式创新中展现出独特优势,推动柔性生产、数字化供应链管理和精准营销等新模式的形成。同时,数据要素的发展面临产业化能力不足、数据质量不达标、流通机制不完善等挑战,需要通过加强基础设施建设、完善数据治理机制等措施加以应对。未来,应进一步深化对数据要素赋能新质生产力的理解,构建以数据驱动的新质生产力发展生态,为经济高质量发展提供有力支撑。

数据要素价值释放机制与框架

科学合理的数据要素价值释放体系是推进数字经济、数字中国与数字社会发展,提升新质生产力的基础。基于DIKW模型从数据、信息、知识和智慧的演变逻辑,厘清数据要素价值释放内在机理及难点,围绕“释放数据要素价值,助力新质生产力发展”核心目标,提出“两基础”“三驱动”“四保障”“五途径”基本体系,构建数据要素价值释放多层次框架。其中,“两基础”指数据要素制度体系和数据要素系统设施;“三驱动”涉及供给侧、场内外交易和需求侧;“四保障”强调提升数据质量、加强安全监管、保护数据权益、促进数据流通交易;“五途径”指从数据资源化、数据资产化、数据资本化、数据普惠化到数据均等化,展示数据价值释放的多元路径。通过DIKW模型,数据在从数据到信息、再到知识与智慧的转化过程中,不仅实现价值创造,还通过系统的治理与分析机制,推动价值实现与价值倍增。最终,通过一个核心、两大基础、三大驱动、四维保障和五条途径的多层次框架,实现数据要素价值的高效释放。框架从支撑体系、动力体系、保障体系及转化体系等维度体现数据要素价值释放的作用与机制,保障数据要素价值有效释放,有助于推动新质生产力的发展,为数字经济、数字中国与数字社会长远发展奠定坚实基础。

基于PanelData的金砖国家对美高技术产品出口竞争力及影响因素分析

以巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非组成的金砖国家(BRICS),作为新兴经济代表,纷纷重视高技术产品的出口竞争。2010年金砖国家高技术产品出口总值达5008亿美元,占世界高技术产品出口的22.76%,而金砖国家在美国市场高技术产品的出口竞争成为新的焦点。本文旨在比较金砖国家对美高技术产品出口竞争力影响因素,挖掘金砖国家高技术产品出口的竞争优势,并借鉴金砖国家的成功经验,为中国提出对策建议,以增强中国对美高技术产品出口竞争力。

Sum-Product Networks模型的研究及其在文本分类的应用

图模型在机器学习有着广泛的应用。相比图模型,Sum-Product Networks模型具有更强表达能力和更快的推理速度,所以其在对文本和图像数据建模有着广泛的应用。本文总结Sum-Product Networks这一新的深度概率模型的研究进展,先介绍了固定结构的Sum-Product Networks的参数学习方法,再介绍了根据不同的输入数据而进行的结构和参数学习方法。并且介绍了判别式和生成模型的Sum-Product Networks,最后介绍了Sum-Product Networks在文本分类上的应用。

数据安全保障新质生产力发展:理论模型、作用系统与实践进路

[目的/意义]数据安全是保障发展新质生产力的前提和基础。深入研究数据安全保障新质生产力发展的理论模型、作用机制系统与实践路径具有重要价值。[方法/过程]首先,采用理论建模法,基于数据安全“主体—客体—介体—环体”四维度,构建数据安全保障新质生产力发展的四维向度理论模型;其次,借助系统论分析方法,解析数据安全保障新质生产力发展的输入机制、转化机制、输出机制和调适机制;最后,坚持理论与实践相结合,从动能、基础、人才和生态4个方面构建数据安全保障新质生产力发展的实践进路。[结果/结论]数据安全从主体维度、客体维度、载体维度和环体维度四重向度,总体性覆盖了新质生产力发展的劳动者、生产资料和劳动对象三大结构,数据安全对于新质生产力发展的保障作用系统包括输入机制、转化机制、输出机制和调适机制四大机制,亟待整体从维护科技数据安全、产业数据安全、培育数据安全人才和加强数据安全治理4个层面,构建数据安全保障新质生产力发展新实践。

水利工程压力钢管生产车间数字孪生技术及其应用

鉴于数字孪生技术为推进水利工程压力钢管生产车间智能化发展提供了解决思路,本文提出大型压力钢管生产车间数字孪生体系和架构,明确其组成与搭建过程。同时,研究分析了其构建的数字化建模与数据交互关键技术。基于此,结合某水利工程大型压力钢管生产车间,分析数字孪生典型应用实例。本文研究为水利工程压力钢管生产车间智能化建设奠定理论基础,明确发展方向。

XML-based Data Processing in Network Supported Collaborative Design

In the course of network supported collaborative design, the data processing plays a very vital role. Much effort has been spent in this area, and many kinds of approaches have been proposed. Based on the correlative materials, this paper presents extensible markup language （XML） based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design, such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP） with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database. The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language （SQL） queries. Finally, the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.

Research on Product Information Integrating and Sharing for Dynamic Colla boration

Dynamic Collaboration emerges as the new trend of n et working and collaborating work in manufacturing industry, in which product infor mation sharing among allied enterprises plays very important roles in collaborat ing product development. This thesis aims at studying the integrating, contr olling and sharing mode of product information among the heterogeneous and dispe rsed environments through Internet, and proposes the information integrating/sha ring architecture based on the Product Master Model (PMM). The following are the main contents of this thesis: 1) Research on the XML based PMM model for integration and sharing of product in formation After analyzing the requirement of the allied Enterprise for the product infor mation, the XML based product master model (XPMM) is proposed as the integrating mechanism of heterogeneous and dispersed product information. The XPMM is divid ed into some sub-models: whole-life controlling model, product defining model, conception model, design model, product structure model, machining model, q uality model, evaluating model. The character and accessing approach of XPMM is discussed in detail. 2) Research on the mapping pattern and mapping rule of STEP/XML According to feature of XML Schema and STEP EXPRESS, the memory-constructing-t ree model is put forward as STEP/XML mapping pattern, which is constructed dynam ically according to the bottom-to-top reference relationship. Based on mapping pattern, the multi-layer XML/STEP mapping rule is discussed detailed including relation mapping, entity mapping, data type mapping, reference mapping and func tion mapping. 3) Research on the Product Information Integration and Sharing (PIIS) Architectu re Based on the XPMM, the PIIS architecture is proposed. The PIIS support the local and dispersed product information to be integrated and shared on the contro l of the XPMM. The architecture is divided into three layers :Applying-Obj ect-LayerData-Integration-Layer and STEP-Data-Layer. The kernel of the PI IS Architecture is this Data-Integration-Layer, which control the whole proces s of XPMM creating, the data approaching. The function and structure of every la yer is discussed too.

ADAPTABLE DESIGN IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design （AD）, which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases： product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model （PDDM） is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine （TBM） for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.

Research on the Component-Centered Version Model in the PDM System

A version of a product consists of the product structure tree and the versions of all its components. The model includes two sets of data： attributes and documents describing each component. The paper discusses the version change relations between a sub-node component and a up-node component in a product structure tree, analyzes the version control system for a static reference and that for a dynamic reference and proposes a product structure model in support of dynamic reference, which is easy to use and contains a complete set of information providing an essential way of data organization for the PDM system.

大数据牵引背景下的服装设计开发模式

在大数据牵引背景下,随着数据量呈爆炸式增长和大数据应用的不断深化,大数据资源以数据要素的形式牵引着传统服装设计模式的改变。通过对服装设计相关的大数据进行分类甄别,探讨大数据在多方面赋能服装设计协同价值创造,多维度比较传统服装设计开发与以大数据牵引的服装设计开发模式,以大数据赋能服装精准设计,构建基于大数据引导下的服装设计框架;将该框架应用于MZ品牌的开发案例中,从商品企划、设计开发和预售下单3个方面论述大数据在服装设计开发中的实践应用。大数据时代设计模式的演变将更加聚焦于设计师与海量数据之间的相互作用,应用大数据牵引服装设计开发模式的迭代,可实现更高精准度和更快反应能力的服装设计开发。

发展新质生产力 推动我国经济高质量发展

中华人民共和国(新中国)成立以来,从毛泽东的《论十大关系》,到邓小平的“科学技术是第一生产力”,再到习近平的“整合科技创新资源,引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业,加快形成新质生产力”,我党对经济工作规律性的认识,随着时代的发展而不断深化。习近平总书记在2024年1月31日召开的中央政治局第十一次集体学习会议上的重要讲话,更是把这种认识推向了全新的高度。总书记在主持学习时明确指出“必须牢记高质量发展是新时代的硬道理”,“高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导,而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力,需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括,用以指导新的发展实践”,并强调“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能,是发展新质生产力的核心要素”。为了深入学习贯彻总书记讲话精神,围绕“发展新质生产力推动我国经济高质量发展”这个新时代经济发展的核心课题,本刊邀请国内著名专家、学者,撰写一组笔谈文章,以飨读者。

基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理

弹箭产品的多视图物料清单XBOM(X bill of material)是多利益攸关方从不同寿命阶段的结构组成、数据信息以及交互流程等角度对弹箭产品的全方位基础支持文件。对弹箭产品XBOM数据进行管理,统筹管控全寿命周期内的数据,可消除不同寿命阶段相关方、业务及数据间的交互脱节及单向传递,为弹箭产品实现全数字模型供应提供有效数据源支持。为满足面向弹箭产品XBOM数据的有机集成及多方协同需求,提出了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系和方法。通过剖析数字主线框架,提出并建立了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系。以“数据-交互-建模-应用”的体系层次为指导,提出了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理方法,包含数据组织、数据关联关系分析、数据建模及数据应用。以某型运载火箭结构系统为对象,开发基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系并进行了应用验证。文中所提出体系和方法为实现弹箭产品XBOM数据管控、集成及共享提供具体指导,有利于促进我国弹箭产品全寿命周期数据管理系统的发展。

试井数据监督式机器学习方法预测变质岩潜山储层产量

(目的意义)建立储层产量预测模型,实现产量定量评价,解决现有技术定性预测无法数字量化产量难题,提高产量预测精度。(方法过程)将初步试井解释渗透率与求产第一油嘴产量两个数据作为研究对象,通过机器学习、数据建模,对初步试井解释渗透率与求产第一油嘴产量之间的客观规律进行数学表达,建立函数关系,形成产量定量评价公式。依托变质岩潜山储层5口井有效测试数据进行自助法验证,同时在2口井测试作业现场进行验证,评价数据模型预测产量的准确度。(结果现象)应用自助法分两次抽取(3,3)个数据输入数据模型公式,通过公式预测的单口井产量与实际单井测试第一油嘴求产产量的相对误差为1%~10%,证明了该数据模型的有效性和稳定性。同时,在现场两口井的产量预测中使用该公式,相对误差分别为8%与16%,再次证明了产量评价模型对新数据具有适应性,数据模型可靠有效。(结论建议)为变质岩潜山储层产量定量预测提供了一种可选择的方法。