Identifying multi-component drug candidates in natural products via association rule mining

OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquired by integrating conventional databases;Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database(TCM-ID)and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID).Therapeutic effect of each herb on the type 2 diabetes was examined by analyzing annotated function information with a text-mining method.The Apriori algorithm,which is a classical method for extracting associations between object in large-scale databases,was employed to infer association rules between compound combinations and therapeutic effect on the target disease.The chemical composition and therapeutic information of each herb was used as a transaction,which consists of the chemical compound combination as an antecedent item set and the therapeutic effect as a consequent item.The association rules with high support and confidence value were suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.RESULTS Totally 40 941 association rules were inferred with support lower bound 0.05% and maximum rule length 4.With respect to support and confidence,the top-ranked compound combination was puerarin and daidzin(support=0.15%,confidence=100%).In addition,the top 16 compound combinations were composed of 11 individual chemical compounds;puerarin,daidzin,abscisic acid,batatisine,dopamine,cholesterol,daidzein,gamma-aminobutyric acid,stigmasterol,campesteryl ferulate,and campesterol.To validate therapeutic effect of the proposed compound combinations,literature evidences of each individual compound were investigated.Among the 11 individual compounds,six compounds were reported to be effective for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION By analyzing natural product in formation with association rule mining,16 compound combinations are suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.These compound combinations are recommended for further investigation in the context of drug development.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

The Evolutionary Rules of Production System

The competition among modem enterprises has been converted from products to capability. As the basis of competition, production system can＇t win the market unless it takes advantage of its capability in competition. Here in this article, the evolutionary rules of production system contributing to the establishment, renovation, reform, invention and promotion of the production of modem enterprises are observed.

Improving Rule Base Quality to Enhance Production Systems Performance

Production systems have a special value since they are used in state-space searching algorithms and expert systems in addition to their use as a model for problem solving in artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is of high importance to consider different techniques to improve their performance. In this research, rule base is the component of the production system that we aim to focus on. This work therefore seeks to investigate this component and its relationship with other components and demonstrate how the improvement of its quality has a great impact on the performance of the production system as a whole. In this paper, the improvement of rule base quality is accomplished in two steps. The first step involves re-writing the rules having conjunctions of literals and producing a new set of equivalent rules in which long inference chains can be obtained easily. The second step involves augmenting the rule base with inference short-cut rules devised from the long inference chains. These inference short-cut rules have a great impact on the performance of the production system. Finally, simulations are performed on randomly generated rule bases with different sizes and goals to be proved. The simulations demonstrate that the suggested enhancements are very beneficial in improving the performance of production systems.

相变:生产方式如何塑造财产规则

当前关于数字时代财产权利的讨论持续不断,基本上可以分为两种类型:一种是针对较为具体的虚拟物品(如信息内容、游戏装备、账号、数据、虚拟币等),在特定场景中沿着既有法律框架或概念进行分析;一种则试图在原理上阐明数字时代究竟何种对象能够适用财产规则进行更好的保护,以及这种财产规则的构成要件为何,如按照“权利束”或“模块化”框架加以应用。有必要转换角度提问,即成熟的财产权利制度出现,不是因为法律研究主张为何种事物或利益赋予财产权就能自动实现,而是赋权的外部环境成熟了,才会催生相关利益主体提出主张,并推动相关利益在法律上得到确认和保护。违背生产秩序的产权结构和财产规则不可能出现在数字时代,在生产方式进行巨大调整时,财产规则和其他部门法律规则一样,都面临着双重历史任务:一是“破”,即挑战并打破传统制度,允许要素超越既有生产过程低成本流动;一是“立”,即根据生产方式要求树立反映特殊性的新制度,重新商定哪些要素和利益允许参与者继续占有和使用,划定边界。

论新质生产力的法治保障

新质生产力的蓬勃发展在提升经济效益的同时,也对传统的治理机制提出了挑战。法治作为平衡创新与风险的制度天平,以特殊规则规范和引领创新事业。法治涵摄新质生产力的发展进程,能有效推动共同富裕、鼓励开拓创新、矫正不公平的竞争格局。法治坚守新质生产力发展权这一底层逻辑,实现对企业、研发人员和国家自主创新的正向激励。明确的规则清单、向善的价值理念和社会本位价值立场,为防范化解发展新质生产力可能引发的系统性风险提供了可行方案。

ViP设计法则指导下的洗鼻器设计研究

以ViP设计法则为指导,以洗鼻器设计为切入点,依据ViP设计法则中的理论模型,解构洗鼻器设计的产品层、交互层与情境层,预设未来变应性鼻炎患者的鼻腔护理情境,并提出构建未来变应性鼻炎患者洗鼻器护理产品的设计策略框架,展开健康干预设计,完成洗鼻器设计实践。该设计能够为未来医疗健康产品的研究提供新的设计思路。

基于故障树和产生式规则的故障诊断专家系统设计

[目的]为充分运用核动力装置的运行管理经验辅助核动力操纵人员进行故障诊断,设计一种船用核动力装置故障诊断专家系统。[方法]首先,根据故障树与产生式规则之间的逻辑一致性,提出一种将故障树知识转化为产生式规则的方法;然后,对采用正、反向混合推理方法的专家系统知识库和推理机进行优化设计,并依据故障树最小割集和重要度分析结果设计正向推理策略以简化推理流程;最后,根据人工对故障状态判断的思路设计状态监测模块,实时采集关键设备参数以转化为专家系统可识别的设备信息。[结果]结果显示,采用所提方法可解决专家系统知识获取困难的问题,能在保证推理准确度的前提下提升推理效率,实现了专家系统的在线故障诊断功能。[结论]研究表明采用所提方法可提升专家系统获取知识的能力和推理效率,对保障核动力装置的运行管理安全具有重要意义。

RCEP视域下我国农产品营商环境法治化建设研究

党的二十大报告指出,要加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法,统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,以良法促进发展、保障善治。深入分析农产品营商环境法治化的意义和目标导向发现,目前农产品营商环境法治化面临绿色壁垒和技术壁垒、诉讼机制和非诉机制选择等贸易壁垒和政策差异。我国应在“互信合作”原则下打破农产品贸易壁垒,积极参与规则谈判,争取制度优势,重视贸易救济效果,实现政策间协调。同时,健全农产品跨境贸易法治体系,探索纠纷解决新机制,强化农产品听证制度实施与知识产权领域保护,打造专业化涉外法治人才队伍。

零件加工隐性工艺知识获取方法研究

随着制造业数字化工艺的深入应用,如何高效利用积累的工艺知识,已成为提升工艺设计效率与质量的关键,然而隐性工艺知识却存在难以获取、描述与转化的技术瓶颈,严重阻碍智能化工艺设计模式推广。为此,提出了一种复杂零件加工的隐性工艺知识获取方法。首先,利用等宽法对结构化工艺数据进行离散化处理,构建基于文本挖掘的隐性工艺知识获取流程,并通过产生式规则对隐性工艺知识表达;然后,基于案例推理和规则推理融合的知识推理方法,并采用最近邻算法实现隐性工艺知识的识别;最后,以船用柴油机缸盖类复杂加工零件为验证对象,对加工隐性工艺知识获取方法进行了有效验证。

基于先验算法的服装生产流水线设计优化

针对服装生产线员工变动频繁、技能熟练度不一致以及设备布局受限等造成的流水线部件逆流和不平衡问题,提出了一种基于先验算法的服装生产工序组合关联规则挖掘方法,以优化流水线设计。根据服装工艺和生产特点提出了工序编码方法,通过改进Apriori算法来挖掘用于流水排布的生产工序关联规则,建立了以逆流情况和流水线平衡为约束的评判指标,通过工序内容与评判指标进行流水线优化排布。结果表明:优化后的流水线完全避免了零部件在路径上的传递损失,流水线的排布效率提高了20%,线内工位平均均衡比相较于原有产线提高了20%,排布内容更切合工厂生产实际环境和经验要求。使用该方法挖掘工序关联组合具有较好的可靠性,工序组合的应用有利于提升流水线排布的实际意义。

为形成新型生产关系提供数据法治保障

随着大数据、人工智能等数字技术的飞速发展与广泛应用,数据已成为推动经济社会发展的重要驱动力。数据不仅成为一种新型生产要素,而且还引发传统生产模式和生产主体关系发生变革,因此,必须形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。在此背景下,形成新型生产关系需要遵循数据法治逻辑,建立明晰的数据产权制度、合理的数据流通制度和公正的数据权益分配制度。为此,有必要制定综合性的数据法律规范、建立跨部门协同的数据治理机制、推动数据技术的负责任创新和构建数字化的权利救济机制。

中欧混凝土产品生命周期评价规则差异研究

标准是为保障产品生命周期环境信息的量化活动规范而制定的基础性支撑文件。文中梳理了中欧建材产品生命周期评价标准体系架构和生命周期的阶段划分,围绕功能单位、参考使用寿命、系统边界、碳化、数据质量要求、取舍类别、环境影响类别等方面,分析了中欧混凝土产品生命周期评价规则之间的差异。

中国对RCEP伙伴国数字产品出口的新特征、新挑战与优化路径

《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)的生效实施推动亚太区域经济一体化建设迈入了新阶段。文章采用2005—2021年中国数字产品出口数据,从出口规模、出口结构和出口技术复杂度等维度对中国出口RCEP伙伴国数字产品的新特征进行了深入分析,结果发现,中国数字产品出口规模不断扩大,出口产品技术含量也有所提升。但同时中国数字产品的出口结构有待进一步优化,在产品结构上偏向于信息通信技术服务和其他商业服务,高附加值的金融服务、知识产权服务等领域的出口规模相对较低;在地区结构上高度集中于日本和新加坡,对其他东盟国家的数字产品出口量偏低。此外,中国数字产品出口还面临数字核心技术“卡脖子”、数字产品贸易保护规则不完善等诸多新挑战。因此,未来中国应以RCEP生效实施为契机,从促进数字产品出口升级,推动数字核心技术革命性突破,共建数字贸易规则、完善数字产品安全保障体系等多方面入手,全方位推动中国数字产品高质量出口。

稠油热采井浅层套管腐蚀机理研究

为了对浅层套管在地层水环境下的腐蚀产物组分进行化验分析并确认其腐蚀机理,开展了N80、P110、110H、130TT 4种材质在Cl^(-)质量浓度分别为5 000、20 000、40 000 mg·L^(-1)和温度分别为50、100、165、200、280℃条件下的全因子腐蚀实验。结果表明:随着温度升高腐蚀速率逐渐增加,相同温度下,Cl^(-)质量浓度从5 000 mg·L^(-1)增加到40 000 mg·L^(-1),腐蚀速率呈下降趋势,在高温时这种趋势更为显著。为了更好地比较Cl^(-)质量浓度对腐蚀速率的影响,开展了无Cl^(-)、无氧环境、无HCO_(3)^(-)环境下的腐蚀实验,可以看出无Cl^(-)存在时4种材料的腐蚀速率最小,在无氧环境下腐蚀速率远小于含氧环境的腐蚀速率。XRD组分分析测试显示,不同材质、温度、Cl^(-)环境下,腐蚀产物组成未发生明显改变,主要为Fe_(2)O_(3)和Fe_(3)O_(4),Cl^(-)会优先在试样表面吸附形成Fe^(2+),并且作为催化剂加速阳极溶解,阴极反应主要为吸氧反应,O_(2)的存在会导致腐蚀产物转变为Fe_(2)O_(3)和Fe_(3)O_(4),生成的腐蚀产物相对疏松,并且产物膜中存在裂纹,为离子扩散提供通道,导致腐蚀加剧。

基于脑科学理论的益智儿童产品设计策略研究

目的探讨基于脑科学理论的益智儿童产品设计策略。方法通过深入研究益智玩具市场及各阶段儿童玩具的设计特点,总结出趣味性、互动性、教育性、创新性和安全性等关键要素。将儿童发展心理学作为益智儿童产品设计的理论依据,结合脑科学原理,制定出创新的益智儿童产品设计策略。重点关注脑科学理论以解析儿童的认知特点,从而提供更具针对性和有效性的设计方案。结论通过深入理解儿童脑部的发育规律,借鉴脑图谱所揭示的认知特性,以制定出益智儿童产品设计的前沿策略,提升儿童的认知能力,在推动益智产品设计的创新方面具有深远的影响和实践价值。

面向客户个性化产品配置的关联规则挖掘研究

针对个性化产品配置中难以获取隐性配置知识等问题,提出了基于关联规则挖掘方法来获取产品配置规则的方法,从而便于在配置过程中对客户进行个性化的推荐。基于产品配置的历史销售数据,应用基于双层遗传算法来实现了关联规则挖掘算法,并设计了遗传算法的编码表示和算子操作。最后,以平板电脑的客户配置案例为例,举例说明了所提出方法的有效性。实验表明,与经典的Apriori算法相比,所提出的方法能够自适应地获得规则支持度和置信度的阈值,避免了Apriori人为设置阈值所带来的不足之处,从而能够适用于大数据环境下产品的个性化推荐。

元宇宙与新质生产力的法治化融合:机理、风险与进路

党的二十届三中全会强调了健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制的重要意义,这无疑为元宇宙产业的进步提供了坚实的政策支持。元宇宙与新质生产力具有深度耦合与相互塑造之关联,前者通过集成数字技术、场景应用赋能、推动产业变革,成为新质生产力的重要样态。然而,当前元宇宙的发展与落地,面临着个体权益保护、社会经济稳定、国家政治维护等方面风险,制约了其赋能效应的发挥。鉴此,亟需以习近平总书记关于新质生产力的重要论述为指导,基于元宇宙的技术特性,构建与其相适配的法治秩序,即明确伦理规范原则,贯彻全流程管控理念;建立精细化兼具灵活性的监管体系;夯实基础技术,推进包容审慎监管,以赋能新质生产力发展。

论数字产品及其给付规则——以数字内容与数字服务区分为中心

《民法典》第512条第2款致力于规制数字产品的给付,但是仅提供了初步的不成熟的解决方案,且忽略了数字服务这一重要类型,无法应对当前数字社会的现实,更没有给数字经济与数字产品的未来发展预留空间。因此,必须重构数字产品的给付规则。根据数字内容和数字服务这两大类型的区分以及各自的技术特征和发展趋势,应当重点把握给付的标的物、向谁给付以及给付的具体方式这三个环节,分别确立数字内容和数字服务的给付规则。以给付数字内容为标的的合同本质上更接近于往取之债,而非赴偿之债,其给付完成的标志为经营者使消费者直接或通过其指定的其他系统可以获取数字内容或获得数字内容的方法;而对提供数字服务来说,经营者使消费者直接或通过其指定的其他系统可以使用数字服务即为完成给付。

石化产品碳足迹种类规则标准化研究

碳足迹作为评价产品或服务生命周期碳排放的重要方法已得到了广泛应用,但由于现有国际标准原则性较强,需要针对不同行业进行标准化处理。产品种类规则是对一种或多种产品种类进行碳足迹评价所必须满足的一套具体的规则、要求和指南,制定《碳足迹产品种类规则石化产品》行业标准对推动石化产品碳足迹评价的标准化和一致性具有重要意义。该文从石化产业链、国民经济行业分类、化学工业的专业范畴等角度,提出了涵盖石油炼制、基本有机原料、有机化工品和高分合成材料在内的石化产品描述,阐述了制定该产品种类规则的功能单位、系统边界、分配规则、生命周期阶段定义等内容的相关思考。