Low biogas yield in cold climates has brought great challenges in terms of the flexibility and resilience of biogas energy systems. This paper proposes a maximum production point tracking method for a solar-boosted bi...Low biogas yield in cold climates has brought great challenges in terms of the flexibility and resilience of biogas energy systems. This paper proposes a maximum production point tracking method for a solar-boosted biogas generation system to enhance the biogas production rate in extreme climates. In the proposed method, a multi-dimensional R–C thermal circuit model is formulated to analyze the digesting thermodynamic effect of the anaerobic digester with solar energy injection, while a hydrodynamic model is formulated to express the fluid dynamic interaction between the hot-water circulation flow and solar energy injection. This comprehensive dynamic model can provide an essential basis for controlling the solar energy for digester heating to optimize anaerobic fermentation and biogas production efficiency in extreme climates. A model predictive control method is developed to accurately track the maximum biogas production rate in varying ambient climate conditions. Comparative results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can effectively control the fermentation temperature and biogas yield in extreme climates, and confirm its capability to enhance the flexibility and resilience of the solar-boosted biogas generation system.展开更多
A total of 340,000 vehicles were exported in 2006, a year on year growth of 99 percent, including 93,000 cars, or a year on year up of 200 percent. The export market also managed to expand its deficit formed in 2005 t...A total of 340,000 vehicles were exported in 2006, a year on year growth of 99 percent, including 93,000 cars, or a year on year up of 200 percent. The export market also managed to expand its deficit formed in 2005 to up to USD 7.636 billion.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51877072in part by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2021JJ10019+1 种基金in part by Huxiang Young Talents Programme of Hunan Province under Grant 2019RS2018in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project under Grant 2021M692992.
文摘Low biogas yield in cold climates has brought great challenges in terms of the flexibility and resilience of biogas energy systems. This paper proposes a maximum production point tracking method for a solar-boosted biogas generation system to enhance the biogas production rate in extreme climates. In the proposed method, a multi-dimensional R–C thermal circuit model is formulated to analyze the digesting thermodynamic effect of the anaerobic digester with solar energy injection, while a hydrodynamic model is formulated to express the fluid dynamic interaction between the hot-water circulation flow and solar energy injection. This comprehensive dynamic model can provide an essential basis for controlling the solar energy for digester heating to optimize anaerobic fermentation and biogas production efficiency in extreme climates. A model predictive control method is developed to accurately track the maximum biogas production rate in varying ambient climate conditions. Comparative results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can effectively control the fermentation temperature and biogas yield in extreme climates, and confirm its capability to enhance the flexibility and resilience of the solar-boosted biogas generation system.
文摘A total of 340,000 vehicles were exported in 2006, a year on year growth of 99 percent, including 93,000 cars, or a year on year up of 200 percent. The export market also managed to expand its deficit formed in 2005 to up to USD 7.636 billion.
