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The Wellbore Temperature and Pressure Behavior during the Flow Testing of Ultra-Deepwater Gas Wells
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作者 Xingbin Zhao Neng Yang +3 位作者 Hao Liang Mingqiang Wei Benteng Ma Dongling Qiu 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第11期2523-2540,共18页
The transientflow testing of ultra-deepwater gas wells is greatly impacted by the low temperatures of seawater encountered over extended distances.This leads to a redistribution of temperature within the wellbore,which... The transientflow testing of ultra-deepwater gas wells is greatly impacted by the low temperatures of seawater encountered over extended distances.This leads to a redistribution of temperature within the wellbore,which in turn influences theflow behavior.To accurately predict such a temperature distribution,in this study a comprehensive model of theflowing temperature and pressurefields is developed.This model is based on principles offluid mechanics,heat transfer,mass conservation,and energy conservation and relies on the Runge-Kutta method for accurate integration in time of the resulting equations.The analysis includes the examination of the influence of various factors,such as gasflow production rate,thermal diffusivity of the formation,and thermal diffusivity of seawater,on the temperature and pressure profiles of the wellbore.The keyfindings can be summarized as follows:1.Higher production rates during testing lead to increasedflowing temperatures and decreased pressures within the wellbore.However,in the presence of a seawater thermocline,a crossover inflowing temperature is observed.2.An increase in wellbore pressure is associated with larger pipe diameters.3.Greater thermal diffusivity of the formation results in more rapid heat transfer from the wellbore to the formation,which causes lowerflowing temperatures within the wellbore.4.In an isothermal layer,higher thermal diffusivity of seawater leads to increased wellboreflowing temperatures.Conversely,in thermocline and mixed layer segments,lower temperatures are noted.5.Production test data from a representative deep-water gas well in the South China Sea,used to calculate the bottom-seafloor-wellhead temperature and pressurefields across three operating modes,indicate that the average error in temperature prediction is 2.18%,while the average error in pressure prediction is 5.26%,thereby confirming the reliability of the theoretical model. 展开更多
关键词 Ultra-deepwater gas well wellboreflowing temperature-pressure profile heat transfer production testing
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Application of the monitoring and early warning system for internal solitary waves:Take the second natural gas hydrates production test in the South China Sea as an example
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作者 Dan-yi Su Bin-bin Guo +5 位作者 Qian-yong Liang Chu-jin Liang Fei-long Lin Su-meng Jiang Yi-fei Dong Xue-min Wu 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2023年第4期676-684,共9页
Internal solitary waves(ISWs) contain great energy and have the characteristics of emergency and concealment. To avoid their damage to offshore engineering, a new generation of monitoring and early warning system for ... Internal solitary waves(ISWs) contain great energy and have the characteristics of emergency and concealment. To avoid their damage to offshore engineering, a new generation of monitoring and early warning system for ISWs was developed using technologies of double buoys monitoring, intelligent realtime data transmission, and automatic software identification. The system was applied to the second natural gas hydrates(NGHs) production test in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea(SCS) and successfully provided the early warning of ISWs for 173 days(from October 2019 to April 2020). The abrupt changes in the thrust force of the drilling platform under the attack of ISWs were consistent with the early warning information, proving the reliability of this system. A total of 93 ISWs were detected around the drilling platform. Most of them occurred during the spring tides in October–December 2019 and April 2020, while few of them occurred in winter. As suggested by the theoretical model, the full-depth structure of ISWs was a typical current profile of mode-1, and the velocities of wave-induced currents can reach 80 cm/s and30 cm/s, respectively, in the upper ocean and near the seabed. The ISWs may be primarily generated from the interactions between the topography and semidiurnal tides in the Luzon Strait, and then propagate westward to the drilling platform. This study could serve as an important reference for the early warning of ISWs for offshore engineering construction in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Internal solitary wave Early warning Offshore engineering Drilling platform Natural gas hydrates production test Shenhu Area South China Sea
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Physical characteristics of high concentrated gas hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu production test area,South China Sea
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作者 Jiapeng JIN Xiujuan WANG +7 位作者 Zhenyu ZHU Pibo SU Lixia LI Qingping LI Yiqun GUO Jin QIAN Zhendong LUAN Jilin ZHOU 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期694-709,共16页
High concentrated and heterogeneous distribution of gas hydrates have been identified in the gas hydrate production test region in the Shenhu area,South China Sea.The gas hydrate-bearing sediments with high saturation... High concentrated and heterogeneous distribution of gas hydrates have been identified in the gas hydrate production test region in the Shenhu area,South China Sea.The gas hydrate-bearing sediments with high saturation locate at two ridges of submarine canyon with different thickness and saturations just above the bottom simulating reflection.The crossplots of gamma ray,acoustic impedance(P-impedance)and porosity at four sites show that the sediments can be divided into the upper and lower layers at different depths,indicating different geotechnical reservoir properties.Therefore,the depositional environments and physical properties at two ridges are analyzed and compared to show the different characteristics of hydrate reservoir.High porosity,high P-wave velocity,and coarse grain size indicate better reservoir quality and higher energy depositional environment for gas hydrate at Sites W18 and W19 than those at Sites W11 and W17.Our interpretation is that the base of canyon deposits at Sites W18 and W19 characterized by upward-coarsening units may be turbidity sand layers,thus significantly improving the reservoir quality with increasing gas hydrate saturation.The shelf and slope sliding deposits compose of the fine-grained sediments at Sites W11 and W17.The gas hydrate production test sites were conducted at the ridge of W11 and W17,mainly because of the thicker and larger area of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs than those at Sites W18 and W19.All the results provide useful insights for assessing reservoir quality in the Shenhu area. 展开更多
关键词 reservoir properties gas hydrate production test region depositional environment South China Sea
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Test Method for Refractoriness Under Load of Refractory Products(Non-differential,with Rising Temperature)
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作者 Wang Jing,Zhang Xiaohui,Yu Lingyan 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2012年第3期38-40,共3页
This standard specifies the definitions, theory, apparatus, specimens, procedures, test results and disposal, test error and report of test method for refractoriness under load of refractory products (non-differentia... This standard specifies the definitions, theory, apparatus, specimens, procedures, test results and disposal, test error and report of test method for refractoriness under load of refractory products (non-differential, with rising temperature). 展开更多
关键词 test Method for Refractoriness Under Load of Refractory products Non-differential with Rising Temperature
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The second natural gas hydrate production test in the South China Sea 被引量:46
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作者 Jian-liang Ye Xu-wen Qin +24 位作者 Wen-wei Xie Hai-long Lu Bao-jin Ma Hai-jun Qiu Jin-qiang Liang Jing-an Lu Zeng-gui Kuang Cheng Lu Qian-yong Liang Shi-peng Wei Yan-jiang Yu Chunsheng Liu Bin Li Kai-xiang Shen Hao-xian Shi Qiu-ping Lu Jing Li Bei-bei Kou Gang Song Bo Li He-en Zhang Hong-feng Lu Chao Ma Yi-fei Dong Hang Bian 《China Geology》 2020年第2期197-209,共13页
Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitabl... Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to experimental production test. 展开更多
关键词 Natural gas hydrates Second production test Horizontal well Reservoir stimulation Environmental impact NGH exploration trial engineering South China Sea
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Borehole stability in naturally fractured reservoirs luring production tests 被引量:5
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作者 Zhang Fuxiang Zhang Shaoli +2 位作者 Jiang Xuehai Lu Rende Chen Mian 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期247-250,共4页
Based on the plane of weakness theory, a model for predicting borehole stability in fractured reservoirs under different stress states was estiblisted and the equations for solving borehole stability were developed. T... Based on the plane of weakness theory, a model for predicting borehole stability in fractured reservoirs under different stress states was estiblisted and the equations for solving borehole stability were developed. The minimum downhole pressures required to maintain borehole stability under different natural fracture occurrences were calculated by using the data from a well in the Tazhong (central Tarim) area, Tarim Basin, west China. Several conclusions were drawn for naturally fractured reservoirs with a dip angle from less than 10° to greater than 30°. Application in three wells in the Tazhong area indicates that this model is practically useful. 展开更多
关键词 Production test fractured reservoir borehole stability fracture dip azimuth of fracture
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Productive test of a newly drying technology of veneer: intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt 被引量:5
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作者 HUAJun 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第2期155-157,共3页
A newly drying technology, intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt (ICD-fbs), was invented and used in poplar veneer drying. Productive test was carried out for validating the practical use of ... A newly drying technology, intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt (ICD-fbs), was invented and used in poplar veneer drying. Productive test was carried out for validating the practical use of this drying method. The test result shows that to dispose flexible screen belts on the two sides of hot board could help steam discharge remarkably. The veneer dried using ICD-fsb method had smooth and level surface, less deformation and warping, even moisture content, and high utilization rate. The time for opening hot board to discharge steam,which, early or late, is a key to obtain good drying result, was determined at the time when the core's temperature of veneer reaches 100℃ (vaporization). Using ICD-fsb method, the shrinking rates in tangent of veneer were from 1.90% to 2.26% for veneer of 0.4 mm in thickness,2.49% to 4.50% for veneer of 1 mm in thickness and 1.34% to 3.30% for veneer of 1.7 mm in thickness, which are much lower than the results obtained by other drying methods. The method of ICD-fsb offers a reliable technological guarantee for solving the deformation problem of veneer drying, especially the deformation of wood from quick-growing plantation. 展开更多
关键词 flexible screen belt poplar veneer drying technology veneer drying productive test
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Application of wellhead suction anchor technology in the second production test of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea 被引量:2
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作者 Bo Li Bei-bei Kou +7 位作者 Bin Li Jing Li Jing Zeng Qing-lei Niu Yu-tao Shao Ke-wei Zhang Hao-yu Yu Ying-sheng Wang 《China Geology》 2022年第2期293-299,共7页
Traditional suction anchor technology is mainly used in the fields of subsea structure bearing foundations,single-point mooring systems and offshore wind power.It is characterized by providing sufficient lateral and v... Traditional suction anchor technology is mainly used in the fields of subsea structure bearing foundations,single-point mooring systems and offshore wind power.It is characterized by providing sufficient lateral and vertical bearing capacities and lateral bending moment.The anchor structure of a traditional suction anchor structure is improved with wellhead suction anchor technology,where a central pipe is added as a channel for drilling and completion operations.To solve the technical problems of a low wellhead bearing capacity,shallow built-up depth,and limited application of conductor jetting in the second production test of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)in the South China Sea(SCS),the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in independently designing and manufacturing a wellhead suction anchor,which fulfilled the requirements of the production test.This novel anchor was successfully implemented in the second production test for the first time,providing a stable wellhead foundation for the success of the second production test of NGHs in the SCS. 展开更多
关键词 Wellhead suction anchor Conductor jetting Marine NGHs Production test NGHs exploration trial engineering Oil and gas exploration engineering South China Sea
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Secondary analysis of malaria rapid diagnostic tests from rounds 5–8 of WHO product testing with a focus on false-negative results
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作者 Biao Xu Bo Tu +4 位作者 Fang Chu Mohamed Jalloh Jin-Song Mu Jun-Jie Zheng Wei-Wei Chen 《Military Medical Research》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第3期379-381,共3页
Despite the widespread use of malaria rapid diagnostic test(RDT)in clinical practice,there are a lot of challenges.We conducted a secondary analysis of 129 malaria RDT data from rounds 5–8 of the World Health Organiz... Despite the widespread use of malaria rapid diagnostic test(RDT)in clinical practice,there are a lot of challenges.We conducted a secondary analysis of 129 malaria RDT data from rounds 5–8 of the World Health Organization(WHO)product testing summary and discuss the causes of false-negative(FN)results with a focus on low parasite density,improper RDT storage,operation and interpretation,and Plasmodium falciparum with a pfhrp2/3 gene deletion.The results demonstrated that the malaria RDTs currently commercially available might cause FN results in practice. 展开更多
关键词 MALARIA Rapid diagnostic tests False-negative results WHO product testing
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Main Reasons Causing Chinese Agricultural Crisis in 1959-1961: Quantitative Test on Yifu Lin's Hypothesis
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作者 Guojie Zhao Weixi Zhang Qingmin Hao 《Chinese Business Review》 2005年第7期11-16,共6页
The traditional explanation was found to be inconsistent with the empirical evidence that mainly caused the agricultural crisis in 1959-1961, so Yifu Lin tried to explain this catastrophe through using Game Theory bas... The traditional explanation was found to be inconsistent with the empirical evidence that mainly caused the agricultural crisis in 1959-1961, so Yifu Lin tried to explain this catastrophe through using Game Theory based on "one-shot game". This paper tested the hypothesis through quantitative test. The results showed that system factors mainly resulted in low productivity, and the natural disaster should not be ignored. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural crisis total factor productivity Cobb-Douglass productive function quantitative test
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Productivity Testing Design Method of Multi-Factor Control for Unconsolidated Sandstone Gas Reservoir
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作者 Muwang Wu Hao Liang +2 位作者 Mingjie Zhang Dianqiang Sun Peng Zhong 《Engineering(科研)》 2016年第11期815-822,共8页
Reservoir safety, testing-string safety, and flow control are key factors that should be considered in deep-water unconsolidated sandstone gas well testing work system. Combined with the feature of testing reservoir, ... Reservoir safety, testing-string safety, and flow control are key factors that should be considered in deep-water unconsolidated sandstone gas well testing work system. Combined with the feature of testing reservoir, pipe string type and sea area, the required minimum testing flow rate during cleaning up process, as well as minimum test flow rate without hydrate generation, pipe string erosion critical production, the maximum testing flow rate without destroying sand formation and the minimum output of meeting the demand of development was analyzed;based on the above critical test flow rates, testing working system is designed. Field application showed that the designed work system effectively provided good guidance for field test operations;no sand production or hydrate generation happened during the test process;the test parameter evaluated the reservoir accurately;the safe and efficient test operation was achieved. 展开更多
关键词 Multi-Factor Control Productivity testing Unconsolidated Sandstone Gas Well HYDRATE SANDING
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On the Production Testing of Memristor Ratioed Logic (MRL) Gates
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作者 Ahmed Shukry Emara Ahmed Hassan Madian +2 位作者 Hassanein Hamed Amer Sherif Hassanein Amer Mohamed Bakr Abdelhalim 《Circuits and Systems》 2016年第10期3016-3025,共10页
This paper focuses on the production testing of Memristor Ratioed Logic (MRL) gates. MRL is a family that uses memristors along with CMOS inverters to design logic gates. Two-input NAND and NOR gates are inv... This paper focuses on the production testing of Memristor Ratioed Logic (MRL) gates. MRL is a family that uses memristors along with CMOS inverters to design logic gates. Two-input NAND and NOR gates are investigated using the stuck at fault model for the memristors and the five-fault model for the transistors. Test escapes may take place while testing faults in the memristors. Therefore, two solutions are proposed to obtain full coverage for the MRL NAND and NOR gates. The first is to apply scaled input voltages and the second is to change the switching threshold of the CMOS inverter. In addition, it is shown that test speed and order should be taken into consideration. It is proven that three ordered test vectors are needed for full coverage in MRL NAND and NOR gates, which is different from the order required to obtain 100% coverage in the conventional NAND and NOR CMOS designs. 展开更多
关键词 MEMRISTORS MRL Production testing Fault Model Fault Coverage
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China,America Have Coo[erated in Micro Biological Production Test
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作者 Hou Fu 《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 1996年第3期189-189,共1页
China,AmericaHaveCooperatedinMicrobiologicalProductionTestHouFuThemicrobiologicalproductiontechnologyhasbeen... China,AmericaHaveCooperatedinMicrobiologicalProductionTestHouFuThemicrobiologicalproductiontechnologyhasbeenintroducedfromthe... 展开更多
关键词 China America Have Coo[erated in Micro Biological Production test
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Quality and Testing Standards on Rice Production in China and Development Strategies
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作者 XIE LiHong CHEN Neng DUAN BinWu 《China Standardization》 2006年第3期16-20,共5页
China is the biggest country of rice production and consumption in the world;more than 50% of the population feeds chiefly on rice. The quality of rice and its role as a staplefood carry much weight. The rice qualitie... China is the biggest country of rice production and consumption in the world;more than 50% of the population feeds chiefly on rice. The quality of rice and its role as a staplefood carry much weight. The rice qualities are those aspects concerning processing, appearance,cooking, nutrition and safety of the product. The study, formulation and implementation of standardson rice qualities and testing bear heavily on the improving of rice qualities, human health,substitution of rice varieties, promoting quality rice production and regulating rice market. 展开更多
关键词 RATE Quality and testing Standards on Rice Production in China and Development Strategies
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Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the formation and dissociation process of nature gas hydrate in sandstone
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作者 Dong-hui Xing Xu-wen Qin +5 位作者 Hai-jun Qiu Hong-feng Lu Yi-ren Fan Xin-min Ge Cheng Lu Jin-wen Du 《China Geology》 CAS 2022年第4期630-636,共7页
In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement.... In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement.The result shows that the intensity of T_(2) spectra and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)signals gradually decreases in the hydrate formation process,and at the same time,the T_(2) spectra move toward the left domain as the growth of hydrate in the pores of the sample accelerates the decay rate.The hydrate grows and dissociates preferentially in the purer sandstone samples with larger pore size and higher porosity.Significantly,for the sample with lower porosity and higher argillaceous content,the intensity of the T_(2) spectra also shows a trend of a great decrease in the hydrate formation process,which means that high-saturation gas hydrate can also be formed in the sample with higher argillaceous content.The changes in MRI of the sample in the process show that the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate can reshape the distribution of water in the pores. 展开更多
关键词 Nature gas hydrates(NGHs) Methane hydrate Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) Formation and dissociation Saturation Berea sandstone Marine hydrates production test Oil and gas exploration engineering
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Numerical simulation research of heating chamber for high performance hydrogen bell-type annealers
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作者 LI Wei-jie LU Ji-dong RUAN Xin-jian 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2009年第9期1-6,16,共7页
The mathematic model of heating chamber for implementing the prediction of the annealing craft and improving the self adapting with the expansion of the new annealing furnace form, new annealing crafts and new kinds o... The mathematic model of heating chamber for implementing the prediction of the annealing craft and improving the self adapting with the expansion of the new annealing furnace form, new annealing crafts and new kinds of steel coil has been established. The model developed which including the temperature for gas in heating chamber and the heating cover is based on the characteristics of anneal craft and the situations of locale production run. Firstly, the characteristic of the heating cover which limits the temperature was considered. Secondly, the locale production run condition and dispatching condition were considered. Finally, combining with the models and the simulation system, the numerical simulation research of the anneal process for the high performance hydrogen bell-type annealer as well as the spot experiment test were carried out. The results obtained from the developed models, usually finished less than thirty seconds, are in fair agreement with the test values, such as the relative errors of annealing times were within ±5%, and the quality' of the annealed steels were guaranteed. 展开更多
关键词 bell-type annealer numerical simulation heating chamber: production run: field experiment test
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Quantitative characterization of horizontal well production performance with multiple indicators: a case study on the Weiyuan shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin, China
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作者 Rongze YU Wei GUO +5 位作者 Lin DING Meizhu WANG Feng CHENG Xiaowei ZHANG Shangwen ZHOU Leifu ZHANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第2期395-405,共11页
To quantitatively characterize the horizontal shale gas well productivity and identify the dominant productivity factors in the Weiyuan Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,a practical productivity method involving multiple ... To quantitatively characterize the horizontal shale gas well productivity and identify the dominant productivity factors in the Weiyuan Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,a practical productivity method involving multiple indicators was proposed to analyze the production performance of 150 horizontal wells.The normalized test production,flowback ratio,first-year initial production and estimated/expected ultimate recovery(EUR)were introduced to estimate the well productivity in different production stages.The correlation between these four indicators was determined to reveal their effects on production performance forecasts.In addition,the dominant productivity factors in the present stage were identified to provide guidance for production performance enhancement.Research indicates that favorable linear relations exist between the normalized test production,first-year initial production and EUR.The normalized test production is regarded as an important indicator to preliminarily characterize the well productivity in the initial stage.The first-year initial production is the most accurate productivity evaluation indicator after a year.The flowback ratio is a supplementary indicator that qualitatively represents the well productivity and fracturing performance.The well productivity is greatly dependent on the lateral target interval,drilling length of Longmaxi1_(1)^(1)(LM1_(1)^(1))and wellbore integrity.The first-year recovery degree of EUR is 24%–58%with a P50 value of 35%. 展开更多
关键词 shale gas productivity evaluation normalized test production first-year initial production EUR Longmaxi shale Weiyuan shale gas field
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