Unraveling the gut-brain axis:the impact of steroid hormones and nutrition on Parkinson's disease

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the context of the gut-brain axis.The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease,encompassing diverse components such as the gut microbiota,immune system,metabolism,and neural pathways.The gut microbiome,profoundly influenced by dietary factors,emerges as a key player.Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life shapes the gut microbiota composition,influencing immune responses and impacting both child development and adult health.High-fat,high-sugar diets can disrupt this delicate balance,contributing to inflammation and immune dysfunction.Exploring nutritional strategies,the Mediterranean diet's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show promise in reducing Parkinson's disease risk.Microbiome-targeted dietary approaches and the ketogenic diet hold the potential in improving brain disorders.Beyond nutrition,emerging research uncovers potential interactions between steroid hormones,nutrition,and Parkinson's disease.Progesterone,with its anti-inflammatory properties and presence in the nervous system,offers a novel option for Parkinson's disease therapy.Its ability to enhance neuroprotection within the enteric nervous system presents exciting prospects.The review addresses the hypothesis thatα-synuclein aggregates originate from the gut and may enter the brain via the vagus nerve.Gastrointestinal symptoms preceding motor symptoms support this hypothesis.Dysfunctional gut-brain signaling during gut dysbiosis contributes to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances,emphasizing the potential of microbiota-based interventions.In summary,this review uncovers the complex web of interactions between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the gut-brain axis framework.Understanding these connections not only offers novel therapeutic insights but also illuminates the origins of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Removal efficiencies of natural and synthetic progesterones in hospital wastewater treated by different disinfection processes

Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treatment by providing"front line"defense against biological contaminations.Here,five disinfection processes,namely,chlorine(Cl_(2)),chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)),ozone(O_(3)),ultraviolet(UV)),and UV/chlorine(UV/Cl_(2)),were selected to investigate their removal efficiencies for progesterones in primary filtration and secondary biological treatment effluents.There were 61 natural and synthetic progesterones detected in HWW,with the natural progesterones being the main components with a concentration of 845.51 ng/L and contributing to 75.08%of the total proge-sterones.The primary filtration treatment presented insignificant removal effects on the progesterones,while the secondary biological treatment significantly reduced the progesterone content by biode-gradation.The order of removal efficiencies of total progesterones by different disinfection processes was UV/Cl_(2)>Cl_(2)>O_(3)>ClO_(2)>UV.UV/Cl_(2)showed the highest removal efficiency against progesterones mainly due to the activation of Cl_(2)by ultraviolet(UV)photolysis,which helps open the heterocyclic,aromatic,and phenolic rings,thus accelerating progesterone degradation.In addition,the removal efficiencies of natural progesterones in the five disinfection processes were higher than those of synthetic progesterones(progesterone derivatives,19-nortestosterone derivatives,and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives).

Diagnostic efficacy of virtual organ computer-assisted analysis in measuring the volume ratio of subchorionic hematoma with serum progesterone

BACKGROUND Subchorionic hematoma(SCH)is a common complication in early pregnancy characterized by the accumulation of blood between the uterine wall and the chorionic membrane.SCH can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage,preterm birth,and other complications.Early detection and accurate assessment of SCH are crucial for appropriate management and improved pregnancy outcomes.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of virtual organ computer-assisted analysis(VOCAL)in measuring the volume ratio of SCH to gestational sac(GS)combined with serum progesterone on early pregnancy outcomes in patients with SCH.METHODS A total of 153 patients with SCH in their first-trimester pregnancies between 6 and 11 wk were enrolled.All patients were followed up until a gestational age of 20 wk.The parameters of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound,including the circumference of SCH(Cs),surface area of SCH(Ss),circumference of GS(Cg),and surface area of GS(Sg),and the parameters of VOCAL with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,including the three-dimensional volume of SCH(3DVs)and GS(3DVg),were recorded.The size of the SCH and its ratio to the GS size(Cs/Cg,Ss/Sg,3DVs/3DVg)were recorded and compared.RESULTS Compared with those in the normal pregnancy group,the adverse pregnancy group had higher Cs/Cg,Ss/Sg,and 3DVs/3DVg ratios(P<0.05).When 3DVs/3DVg was 0.220,the highest predictive performance predicted adverse pregnancy outcomes,resulting in an AUC of 0.767,and the sensitivity,specificity were 70.2%,75%respectively.VOCAL measuring 3DVs/3DVg combined with serum progesterone gave a diagnostic AUC of 0.824 for early pregnancy outcome in SCH patients,with a high sensitivity of 82.1%and a specificity of 72.1%,which showed a significant difference between AUC.CONCLUSION VOCAL-measured 3DVs/3DVg effectively quantifies the severity of SCH,while combined serum progesterone better predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Detection of Progesterone Receptor as a Method of Diagnosing Mammary Cancer in Female Dogs

Introduction: Canine mammary gland tumor is the most common type of neoplasia in non-ovariectomized bitches. Approximately 50% of tumors are malignant. Neoplasms originating from the mammary gland represent the most common neoplastic disease in canines in Veterinary Medicine. Aim: Relate the expression of the receptor to progesterone (PR) with the tumor stage of canine mammary carcinoma. Material and Methods: Analytical-cross-sectional study, samples of paraffinized tumor tissue obtained from 30 canine patients with breast cancer were used. The expression of PR was performed by immunohistochemical labeling, using murine anti-PR (anti-PR Biocare brand). A descriptive analysis was carried out with the results using the SPSS program. Results: The predominant histological subtype of breast cancer was tubular carcinoma with 12 patients, followed by papillary cystic carcinoma with 6 patients, solid carcinoma 5, carcinosarcoma 4 and comedocarcinoma 3. There was a significant trend between breast cancer subtypes, histological grade G1. Among the histopathological findings, the degree of invasion is related to the presence of tumor cells in adjacent lymph nodes, which is why it is a prognostic indicator. The expression of PR in the tumor tissue samples it was 42.8% positive versus 57.14% negative, of which 75% correspond to G1, 8.3% to G2 and 16.6% to G3. With respect to the relationship of the expression of PR vs type of tumor, it was found that 50% correspond to tubular carcinoma, 33.3% to papillary cystic carcinoma, 8.3% to solid carcinoma and 8.3% to comedocarcinoma. Conclusion: The hormone receptor was negative in more than half of the patients and histological grade is significantly associated with tumor subtypes, this study emphasizes the need to introduce receptor testing into our routine clinical practice to offer the best treatment for breast cancer.

High serum reproductive hormone levels at mid-pregnancy support Meishan pig prolificacy

Increasing prolificacy is an important aim in the pig industry. Regions associated with litter size have been revealed, but detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. The Meishan pig is one of the most prolific breeds, with higher prolificacy than the Yorkshire pig, which exhibits high feeding efficiency and lean meat yield. The ovary is the key organ determining reproductive traits during pregnancy by synthesizing and secreting reproductive hormones essential for conceptus maintenance. In this comparative multi-omics study of the ovary transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome on day 49 of pregnancy, we aimed to identify genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic differences between the ovaries of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs to reveal potential molecular mechanisms conferring high prolificacy. Meishan pigs demonstrated general downregulation of steroid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism in the ovary during mid-pregnancy at both transcriptome and proteome levels but exhibited higher serum cholesterol, estradiol, and progesterone levels than Yorkshire pigs. We also identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the steroid hormone pathway associated with litter number, average birth weight, and total litter weight. Lower biosynthesis rates but elevated serum levels of reproductive hormones during mid-and late pregnancy are essential for the greater prolificacy of Meishan pigs.

Variation in Progesterone Levels and Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women Attending Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among pregnant women and major predisposing factors for pyelonephritis linked to obstetrical complications including preterm labour and low infants’ birth weights. This study sought to determine the relationship(s) between pregnancy trimesters, UTIs and changes in progesterone levels among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2016 at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) antenatal clinic which is a referral facility that attends to patients from most Counties in western region of Kenya. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect blood and urine specimens from 78 participants. Blood was used to determine progesterone levels using ELISA technique and urine cultures with bacterial colony counts ≥ 105 were appropriately identified to species level. Trimester periods and participants’ demographic information were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results: Culture results showed that the most abundant bacterial species isolated in urine from the pregnant women was Escherechia coli (63.7%). The more affected age-group was women between 30 - 39 years during trimester three, suggesting that bacterial colonization of genital track occurred more frequently in older compared to the younger women. There was an exponential increase in progesterone levels among the pregnant women during trimester three compared to other trimesters, although these increases occurred independent of age. However, high levels of progesterone among pregnant women in third trimester corresponded with increased number of E. coli causing UTI. Conclusion: The results showed that progesterone levels increase with trimester and the most prevalent bacteria associated with this was E. coli even though age and increase in progesterone levels had no significant impact on E. coli infection.

月经周期中免疫球蛋白G N-糖基化的周期性变化

Immunoglobulin G(IgG)is the most abundant plasma glycoprotein and a prominent humoral immune mediator.Glycan composition affects the affinity of IgG to ligands and consequent immune responses.The modification of IgG N-glycosylation is considered to be one of the various mechanisms by which sex hormones modulate the immune system.Although the menstrual cycle is the central sex hormonerelated physiological process in most women of reproductive age,IgG N-glycosylation dynamics during the menstrual cycle have not yet been investigated.To fill this gap,we profiled the plasma IgG Nglycans of 70 healthy premenopausal women at 12 time points during their menstrual cycles(every 7 days for 3 months)using hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography(HILIC-UPLC).We observed cyclic periodic changes in the N-glycosylation of IgG in association with the menstrual cycle phase and sex hormone concentration in plasma.On the integrated cohort level,the modeled average menstrual cycle effect on the abundance of IgG N-glycosylation traits was low for each trait,with the highest being 1.1%for agalactosylated N-glycans.However,intrapersonal changes were relatively high in some cases;for example,the largest difference between the minimum and maximum values during the menstrual cycle was up to 21%for sialylated N-glycans.Across all measurements,the menstrual cycle phase could explain up to 0.72%of the variation in the abundance of a single IgG glycosylation trait of monogalactosylation.In contrast,up to 99%of the variation in the abundance of digalactosylation could be attributed to interpersonal differences in IgG N-glycosylation.In conclusion,the average extent of changes in the IgG N-glycopattern that occur during the menstrual cycle is small;thus,the IgG N-glycoprofiling of women in large sample-size studies can be performed regardless of menstrual cycle phase.

Carbon Chain Length Determines Inhibitory Potency of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids on Human Placental 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1:Screening,Structure-Activity Relationship,and In Silico Analysis

Objective This study aimed to compare 9 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSA)with carbon chain lengths(C4–C12)to inhibit human placental 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1(3β-HSD1),aromatase,and rat 3β-HSD4 activities.Methods Human and rat placental 3β-HSDs activities were determined by converting pregnenolone to progesterone and progesterone secretion in JEG-3 cells was determined using HPLC/MS–MS,and human aromatase activity was determined by radioimmunoassay.Results PFSA inhibited human 3β-HSD1 structure-dependently in the order:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS,half-maximum inhibitory concentration,IC50:9.03±4.83μmol/L)>perfluorodecanesulfonic acid(PFDS,42.52±8.99μmol/L)>perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid(PFHpS,112.6±29.39μmol/L)>perfluorobutanesulfonic acid(PFBS)=perfluoropentanesulfonic acid(PFPS)=perfluorohexanesulfonic acid(PFHxS)=perfluorododecanesulfonic acid(PFDoS)(ineffective at 100μmol/L).6:2FTS(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid)and 8:2FTS(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanesulfonic acid)did not inhibit human 3β-HSD1.PFOS and PFHpS are mixed inhibitors,whereas PFDS is a competitive inhibitor.Moreover,1–10μmol/L PFOS and PFDS significantly reduced progesterone biosynthesis in JEG-3 cells.Docking analysis revealed that PFSA binds to the steroid-binding site of human 3β-HSD1 in a carbon chain length-dependent manner.All 100μmol/L PFSA solutions did not affect rat 3β-HSD4 and human placental aromatase activity.Conclusion Carbon chain length determines inhibitory potency of PFSA on human placental 3β-HSD1 in a V-shaped transition at PFOS(C8),with inhibitory potency of PFOS>PFDS>PFHpS>PFBS=PFPS=PFHxS=PFDoS=6:2FTS=8:2FTS.

Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the oestrous cycle of rats

Objective:To determine the effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the oestrous cycle of rats.Methods:Fifteen adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups.Group A served as the control group,while groups B and C received 250 and 500 mg/kg of glyphosate-based herbicide orally for five oestrous cycles,respectively.Stages of oestrous cycle,oestrous cycle index,length of cycle,oestrous cycle ratio,serum estradiol and progesterone levels were determined.Results:The proestrus and oestrus stages of the glyphosate-based herbicide groups increased significantly(P<0.05),although proestrus in group C was not significantly different from the control group.There was a significant decrease in the metestrus and diestrus of the glyphosate-based herbicide groups(P<0.05).The oestrous cycle index of the glyphosate-based herbicide treated groups was altered;this was characterized by an increase in the oestrous index and a decrease in the metestrus and diestrus indexes.The proestrus index of group B increased,while that of group C decreased.The length of the cycle of the glyphosate-based herbicide groups significantly decreased from the 1st and 3rd week till the end of the study in groups B and C,respectively(P<0.05).There was a significant increase in the oestrous cycle ratio of the glyphosate-based herbicide groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Though the estradiol and progesterone levels of the glyphosate-based herbicide groups increased and decreased,respectively,they were not significantly different from the control group.Conclusions:Glyphosate-based herbicide at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg can alter the pattern of the oestrous cycle in rats.

Oxidized palm oil impairs reproductive functions and architectures in female rats

Objective:To evaluate the effects of three oxidized palm oil diets(OPD)on female rat reproductive function.Methods:Forty-four female Wistar rats presenting five consecutive and regular estrous cycles were divided into 4 groups.The rats were fed with:a standard diet,70%of standard diet+30%oxidized palm oil diet(OPD1),OPD1+5 g of boiled yolk egg(OPD2)and OPD1+10%sucrose(OPD3)for 125 days,respectively.During the feeding period,morphometric,estrous cycle,sexual behavior,gestation,biochemical and histomorphometric parameters were evaluated.Results:All OPDs significantly increased abdominal circumference,body mass index and Lee index coupled to an irregularity and lengthening of the estrous cycle.They significantly decreased appetite and consumption behaviours,quantic pregnancy index,fertility rate,implantation sites and index,serum progesterone and high-density lipoprotein levels,increased pre-implantation losses,anti-implantation activities,serum estradiol,triglycerides,total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels,and impaired brain and ovaries oxidative status.Histomorphometric examinations revealed increases in the number of atresic and primary follicles and decreases in secondary,tertiary,Degraaf,total and corpus luteum follicles in ovaries coupled to a neurodegeneration of hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular neurons in the OPD groups compared to the standard diet group.Conclusions:The three OPDs induce obesity and impair the female reproductive function,especially OPD2 and OPD3.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of palm oil bleaching on the reproductive function in female rats,which could be useful in the management of women with obesity-related sexual dysfunction.

Vaginal Progesterone (VP) versus VP plus Intermittent Intramuscular Progesterone (IMP) Use in Frozen/Thawed Blastocyst Transfer Cycles: An Observational Cohort Study

Objective: Comparison of vaginal progesterone (VP) versus VP and intermittent intramuscular progesterone (IMP) use in frozen/thawed blastocyst transfer cycles. Study Design: A single center retrospective analyses of 470 elective FET cycles which were performed between January 2015 and September 2019 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups. Control group was consisted of VP (n = 272), the study group was consisted of VP plus IMP (n = 198) users. Results: The number of transfer attempts in control and study groups was 272 and 198, respectively. Age (29.8 ± 4 vs 30.6 ± 4;p = 0.09), BMI (22 ± 2 vs 21.9 ± 3;p = 0.79) and the number of transferred embryos (1.4 ± 0.5 vs 1.4 ± 0.5;p = 0.48) were comparable between groups. Altough, implantation rates (43.7% vs 43.6%;p = 0.9), ectopic pregnancy (0.8% vs 0.3%;p = 0.46) and abortion rates (8.2% vs 4.8%;p = 0.07) were similar. Biochemical pregnancy rate (8.4% vs 3.4% p = 0.01) in control group and ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) (27.9% vs 38.1%;p = 0.005) in study group were significantly higher. Conclusion: Within the FET cycles in which good quality blastocyst are being transferred additional IMP supplementation to VP may increase OPR while reducing the biochemical pregnancy rate.

Level of Adherence to Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

Background: Breast cancer is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. The classification of these subtypes has evolved over the years. The most common and widely accepted classification of breast cancer is from an immunohistochemical perspective, based on the expression of the following hormone receptors: Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2). Accordingly, the following four subtypes of breast cancer are widely recognized—Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 Enriched and Triple Negative. Breast cancer management approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted hormone therapy necessitated by molecular subtyping. Aims: This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to breast cancer molecular subtyping among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: Immunohistochemistry reports of women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State were retrieved from patient’s case files. Tissue blocks were also retrieved from tissue block archives of both hospitals for women who did not take up immunohistochemistry services after their initial diagnosis and also those whose immunohistochemistry reports were not found in their case files. Results: Among the 121 women that participated in the study, there were in all 74 (61.2%) had molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks. Up to 45 (37.2%) did not go for molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks while 2 (1.7%) were not sure whether they had or not. Conclusion: It, therefore, depicts that the rate of uptake was found as 61.2% among the participants and there is a need to create more awareness of the importance of molecular subtyping, which necessitates the use of targeted hormone therapy.

Effects of curcumin on uterine leiomyoma in a rat model by inhibiting β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway

Background:Women with uterine leiomyomas may suffer severe symptoms.To avoid risks of side effects,it is necessary to develop an optimal agent to shrink leiomyomas with fewer side effects and a lower recurrence rate.Curcumin may have a lower side effect in uterine leiomyoma treatment.Methods:We established the estrogen-and-progesterone-induced murine model of uterine leiomyoma.Next,we determined the expression of related genes of the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway by western blot,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunohistochemistry.We also noticed the morphological changes in uterine tissues by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results:Curcumin plays an important role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related expression including β-catenin,adenomatous polyposis coli,glycogen synthase kinase-3β,Wnt-11,and serum hormone concentrations.Conclusions:Curcumin could the down-regulation of serum hormone concentrations and inhibition of the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma.

Study on the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Mechanisms of Breast Lump Resolution Detergent in a Rat Model of Breast Hyperplasia

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was established using injections of estradiol benzoate combined with progesterone. The effects of the breast lump resolution detergent on nipple height and diameter in the rat model were observed, along with its impact on serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P). Additionally, the study examined the morphological changes in breast tissue. The impact of the breast nodule detergent on blood rheology parameters was also observed. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the breast nodule detergent was assessed using the cotton ball granuloma experiment, and the analgesic effect was observed using the writhing test. Results: The breast lump resolution detergent reduced nipple height and diameter in the rat model, decreased serum levels of E2, PRL, and P, and alleviated pathological changes in breast tissue. It also lowered hemorheological parameters including whole blood high, medium, and low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, red blood cell deformability index, red blood cell electrophoresis time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute “blood stasis” rat model. The detergent reduced the weight of cotton ball granulomas in mice and decreased the number of writhing episodes caused by acetic acid. Conclusion: The breast lump resolution detergent demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in treating breast hyperplasia, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, exerting anti-inflammatory properties, and providing analgesic effects. The downregulation of serum E2 and PRL levels and the upregulation of P levels may be critical mechanisms underlying its efficacy.

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品中群勃龙、勃地酮和黄体酮残留量

The analytical method developed is based on HPLC-MS/MS to simultanous determine Progesterone,Boldenone and Trenbolone in Chicken,Beef and Pork meats.The sample is freeze drying reduced in powder and a Methanol-Acetate Buffer (pH=5.2) solution is added in order to perform the extraction and sonicated with a solution prior to deconjugation using β-glucosidase.The sample is purified using C18 and SiOH solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge prior to analyze on reversed phase with a elution gradient performed on Agilent C18 coupled with a HPLC-MS/MS.The detection Limit is respectively 0.11,0.17 and 0.02 μg/kg for Trenbolone,Boldenone and Progesterone with a ratio Signal/Noise>3 in the 3 different kind of meat.The quantification was based on the peak area and overall recoveries of synthetic growth hormones were 62%-99%.

肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤4例及文献复习(英文)

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma(BML)is a rare lesion characterized by benign-appearing smooth muscle tumor most frequently occurring

Fecal progesterone and estradiol changes during the breeding season in captive female wolf

Understanding basic reproductive physiology is crucial for the management of both captive and free-ranging wolf. In the present study, we determined hormonal changes during pregnancy and the estrous cycle in captive female wolf by measuring fecal steroids collected during the breeding season with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. These biochemical analyses were validated using chemical devivatization and mass spectrometry, and interpreted along with the behavioral data. All four females undergoing estrus cycles were copulated with their partners and delivered pups successfully. We found that estradiol concen-trations were significantly higher during the estrus cycle than other stages （p0.01） and progesterone was also significantly increased throughout the pregnancy （p0.01）. These hormonal fluctuations demonstrated pregnancy-specific changes in the fecal progesterone and estradiol con-centrations. Patterns of fecal estradiol and progesterone concentrations during estrous cycles were similar to those reported for other canids.

妊娠期血浆CRH、E_2及P与早产关系的研究

目的：探讨促肾上腺激素释放激素（corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH）、雌二醇（estradiol, E2）及孕激素（progesterone, P）在妊娠期间的浓度变化及其在早产中的预测作用。方法选取正常妊娠组孕妇54例,先兆早产组孕妇54例,采集外周静脉血分离血浆,用免疫化学发光法测定E2、P,放射免疫法测定CRH水平。结果①正常妊娠血CRH均值28～33周组与＆gt;37周组比,明显低于＆gt;37周组,经t检验P〈0.05；血E2各组间均值经t检验P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义；血P各组均值,28～33周组明显高于＆gt;37周组,经t检验P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,其余各组差异无统计学意义。②正常妊娠组和先兆早产组在妊娠28～33周血CRH分别为（68.23＆#177;13.34）ng/L和（298.42＆#177;162.78）ng/L；在34～36周分别为（132.75＆#177;126.3） ng/L和（354.42＆#177;50.46） ng/L,经t检验, P值均＆lt;0.05,差异有统计学意义。正常妊娠组和先兆早产组血E2在28～33周分别为（128.72＆#177;50.83）μg/L和（152.94＆#177;31.7）μg/L；在34～36周分别为（136.24＆#177;62.41）μg/L和（173.58＆#177;92.3）μg/L,两组均值经t检验, P值均＆lt;0.05,差异无统计学意义。正常妊娠组和先兆早产组血P在28～33周分别为（523.52＆#177;105.43）μg/L和（353.21＆#177;52.21）μg/L,34～36周（483.24＆#177;113.52）μg/L和（310.25＆#177;83.02）μg/L,差异有统计学意义。结论血P在妊娠晚期各孕周组间变化较为明显,妊娠＆gt;37周之后明显下降。妊娠晚期正常妊娠组中的血浆CRH值随着孕周增加而逐渐升高,而血E2值无明显变化。

孕酮、17β-雌二醇对在体培养人子宫内膜出血作用的初步研究

去卵巢地鼠皮下埋植孕酮和17β-雌二醇硅胶管,两周后在地鼠颊囊内移植分泌期人子宫内膜。手术后第11天用3种不同方式取出含类固醇激素管;1)10只动物仅取出17β-雌二醇管,保留孕酮管,移植内膜均无出血现象;2)31只动物取出孕酮管,保留17β-雌二醇管,有21只动物移植内膜出血,10只不出血;3)10只动物两种激素管同时取出,所有移植内膜均出血。内膜出血时间比较集中在取管后36—72小时内,占总出血动物的64％。文章讨论了子宫内膜出血原因。

Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Brain Tubulin Synthesis in Castrated Male Mouse & Testis-intact Male Mouse

The effect of gonadal hormones on brain tubulin synthesis has been studied in the castrated middle-aged male mouse and testes intact oldaged male mouse.Estrogen exerts potent influences on stimulating tubulin synthesis.Treatment with estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate and hydroxyprogesterone caproate increase the amount of tubulin by almost 37%-43%.Administration of testosterone propionate can produce a 13%-23% increase.Both estrogen and androgen can stimulate tubulin synthesis after the critical period of brain development but, estrogen plays a stronger role than androgen in stimulating tubulin synthesis in male mouse.