China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists....China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.展开更多
Few experimental studies have evaluated the efficacy of continuing educational programs aimed at the improvement of nurses’ pain-management skills. This study assessed whether a standardized educational program aimed...Few experimental studies have evaluated the efficacy of continuing educational programs aimed at the improvement of nurses’ pain-management skills. This study assessed whether a standardized educational program aimed at nurses could increase the use of the Numeric Rating Scale-11 in both documenting and reducing postoperative pain-intensity levels in hospitalized surgical patients. The study had a quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention design. Data were collected from records of surgical patients prior to and after the standardized educational program was completed. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-intervention groups in terms of either pain-documentation frequency or pain-intensity level. The study showed no increase in the frequency of postoperative pain documentation and no reduction of surgical patients’ postoperative pain-intensity level. This finding indicates that the standardized educational program on postoperative pain management was insufficient to bring about changes in clinical practice.展开更多
背景:前交叉韧带损伤是运动者常见的运动损伤之一,并受多种因素的影响。损伤会导致患者短期的身体功能活动受限和长期的膝骨关节炎的高发风险,"预防"是减小前交叉韧带损伤率的最佳途径。目的:在"损伤预防序列"模型...背景:前交叉韧带损伤是运动者常见的运动损伤之一,并受多种因素的影响。损伤会导致患者短期的身体功能活动受限和长期的膝骨关节炎的高发风险,"预防"是减小前交叉韧带损伤率的最佳途径。目的:在"损伤预防序列"模型框架下,全面审视损伤预防的研究进展,初步构建前交叉韧带损伤的程序化预防流程。方法:对2000-01-01/2020-12-31发表在Pub Med,Embase,Google Scholar,Web of Science和SPORTDiscuss数据库的文献进行检索,经过筛选后最终纳入68篇文献。从确定损伤机制,识别损伤风险因素,筛查具有高风险的运动者,到制定前交叉韧带损伤预防计划与评估,建立起对于前交叉韧带损伤预防的全面认识。结果与结论:(1)前交叉韧带损伤机制的研究方法众多,目前,利用"膝关节有限元模型"模拟的研究范式整合了体内、体外和计算机研究的优势,为未来特定个体研究提供新思路。(2)前交叉韧带损伤的病因学因素较为复杂,但通过综合性神经肌肉控制训练能有效改善个体异常的生物力学特性,特别是对于青春期前女性,还可能会诱导"神经肌肉突增"现象,建议尽早纳入少年儿童课程内容中,降低损伤风险。(3)文章整理了几套较为成熟的预防训练方案,其中FIFA11+是现阶段应用最广泛的足球赛前热身方案。但这些方案对于不同年龄、运动项目和特定损伤风险个体预防效果的特异性还有待进一步研究。(4)有研究团队开发出基于"诺模图"的风险评分工具、落地危险评分系统、抱膝跳评估以及QASLS评分系统,包括定量和定性的评估方式,具有操作便捷且低成本的特点,可用于大规模筛查与训练效果的即时评估,同时也为未来开发各类高风险运动场景下的筛查评估工具指明方向。展开更多
基金supported jointly by WHO(CHN-12-MCN-005007)UNICEF(YH702H&N)Chinese Post-doctoral Foundation(2012M510295)
文摘China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.
文摘Few experimental studies have evaluated the efficacy of continuing educational programs aimed at the improvement of nurses’ pain-management skills. This study assessed whether a standardized educational program aimed at nurses could increase the use of the Numeric Rating Scale-11 in both documenting and reducing postoperative pain-intensity levels in hospitalized surgical patients. The study had a quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention design. Data were collected from records of surgical patients prior to and after the standardized educational program was completed. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-intervention groups in terms of either pain-documentation frequency or pain-intensity level. The study showed no increase in the frequency of postoperative pain documentation and no reduction of surgical patients’ postoperative pain-intensity level. This finding indicates that the standardized educational program on postoperative pain management was insufficient to bring about changes in clinical practice.
文摘背景:前交叉韧带损伤是运动者常见的运动损伤之一,并受多种因素的影响。损伤会导致患者短期的身体功能活动受限和长期的膝骨关节炎的高发风险,"预防"是减小前交叉韧带损伤率的最佳途径。目的:在"损伤预防序列"模型框架下,全面审视损伤预防的研究进展,初步构建前交叉韧带损伤的程序化预防流程。方法:对2000-01-01/2020-12-31发表在Pub Med,Embase,Google Scholar,Web of Science和SPORTDiscuss数据库的文献进行检索,经过筛选后最终纳入68篇文献。从确定损伤机制,识别损伤风险因素,筛查具有高风险的运动者,到制定前交叉韧带损伤预防计划与评估,建立起对于前交叉韧带损伤预防的全面认识。结果与结论:(1)前交叉韧带损伤机制的研究方法众多,目前,利用"膝关节有限元模型"模拟的研究范式整合了体内、体外和计算机研究的优势,为未来特定个体研究提供新思路。(2)前交叉韧带损伤的病因学因素较为复杂,但通过综合性神经肌肉控制训练能有效改善个体异常的生物力学特性,特别是对于青春期前女性,还可能会诱导"神经肌肉突增"现象,建议尽早纳入少年儿童课程内容中,降低损伤风险。(3)文章整理了几套较为成熟的预防训练方案,其中FIFA11+是现阶段应用最广泛的足球赛前热身方案。但这些方案对于不同年龄、运动项目和特定损伤风险个体预防效果的特异性还有待进一步研究。(4)有研究团队开发出基于"诺模图"的风险评分工具、落地危险评分系统、抱膝跳评估以及QASLS评分系统,包括定量和定性的评估方式,具有操作便捷且低成本的特点,可用于大规模筛查与训练效果的即时评估,同时也为未来开发各类高风险运动场景下的筛查评估工具指明方向。
