Systematic review of risk factors,prognosis,and management of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma(CSRCC)is a rare clinical entity which accounts for approximately 1%of all colorectal cancers.Although multiple studies concerning this specific topic have been published in the past decades,the pathogenesis,associated risk factors,and potential implications on treatment are still poorly understood.Besides the low incidence,historically confusing histological criteria have resulted in confusing data.Nevertheless,the rising incidence of CSRCC along with relatively young age at presentation and associated dismal prognosis,highlight the actual interest to synthesize the known literature regarding CSRCC.AIM To provide an updated overview of risk factors,prognosis,and management of CSRCC.METHODS A literature search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted with the following search terms used:‘Signet ring cell carcinoma’and‘colorectal’.Studies in English language,published after January 1980,were included.Studies included in the qualitative synthesis were evaluated for content concerning epidemiology,risk factors,and clinical,diagnostic,histological,and molecular features,as well as metastatic pattern and therapeutic management.If possible,presented data was extracted in order to present a more detailed overview of the literature.RESULTS In total,67 articles were included for qualitative analysis,of which 54 were eligible for detailed data extraction.CSRCC has a reported incidence between 0.1%-2.4%and frequently presents with advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis.CSRCC is associated with an impaired overall survival(5-year OS:0%-46%)and a worse stagecorrected outcome compared to mucinous and not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma.The systematic use of exploratory laparoscopy to determine the presence of peritoneal metastases has been advised.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment,although the rates of curative resection in CSRCC(21%-82%)are lower compared to those in other histological types.In case of peritoneal metastasis,cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy should only be proposed in selected patients.CONCLUSION CSRCC is a rare clinical entity most often characterized by young age and advanced disease at presentation.As such,diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approach should be tailored accordingly.

Survey and Prospect for Applying Knowledge Graph in Enterprise Risk Management

Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market order.Amidst the challenges posed by intricate and unpredictable risk factors,knowledge graph technology is effectively driving risk management,leveraging its ability to associate and infer knowledge from diverse sources.This review aims to comprehensively summarize the construction techniques of enterprise risk knowledge graphs and their prominent applications across various business scenarios.Firstly,employing bibliometric methods,the aim is to uncover the developmental trends and current research hotspots within the domain of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.In the succeeding section,systematically delineate the technical methods for knowledge extraction and fusion in the standardized construction process of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.Objectively comparing and summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each method,we provide recommendations for addressing the existing challenges in the construction process.Subsequently,categorizing the applied research of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on research hotspots and risk category standards,and furnishing a detailed exposition on the applicability of technical routes and methods.Finally,the future research directions that still need to be explored in enterprise risk knowledge graphs were discussed,and relevant improvement suggestions were proposed.Practitioners and researchers can gain insights into the construction of technical theories and practical guidance of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on this foundation.

Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul,South Korea's Flood Risk Management

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research.Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance.In this study,we examined participatory risk governance(PRG)of flood risk management(FRM)in Seoul,South Korea.We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens,to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management,and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul.We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and citizens.Key informants believed that citizens'low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG.Yet our research found that citizens'risk awareness was not low,and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG.Instead,we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions,and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves.Moreover,the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other,which implies a lack of mutual understanding.To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG,we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group,and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance.Communication between government and citizen participants,designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM,will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

Outpatient management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding:A new perspective in high-risk patients

Mid-gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for approximately 5%-10%of all gastrointestinal bleeding cases,and vascular lesions represent the most frequent cause.The rebleeding rate for these lesions is quite high(about 42%).We hereby recommend that scheduled outpatient management of these patients could reduce the risk of rebleeding episodes.

Understanding Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone architecture, resulting in reduced bone strength and, consequently, increased susceptibility to fractures which poses a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in aging populations [1]. The health-economic impact of vertebral and hip fractures has been extensively explored and it is well known that these fractures are associated with morbidity/disability and increased mortality;they also account for a substantial portion of the direct fracture costs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of osteoporosis, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. By elucidating the multifaceted nature of this condition, healthcare providers can better identify individuals at risk, implement preventive measures, and optimize treatment to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fractures.

Mapping Climate Services for Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review and Research Gaps from a Policy Process Perspective

Climate services (CS) are crucial for mitigating and managing the impacts and risks associated with climate-induced disasters. While evidence over the past decade underscores their effectiveness across various domains, particularly agriculture, to maximize their potential, it is crucial to identify emerging priority areas and existing research gaps for future research agendas. As a contribution to this effort, this paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to review the state-of-the-art in the field of climate services for disaster risk management. A comprehensive search across five literature databases combined with a snowball search method using ResearchRabbit was conducted and yielded 242 peer-reviewed articles, book sections, and reports over 2013-2023 after the screening process. The analysis revealed flood, drought, and food insecurity as major climate-related disasters addressed in the reviewed literature. Major climate services addressed included early warning systems, (sub)seasonal forecasts and impact-based warnings. Grounded in the policy processes’ theoretical perspective, the main focus identified and discussed three prevailing policy-oriented priority areas: 1) development of climate services, 2) use-adoption-uptake, and 3) evaluation of climate services. In response to the limitations of the prevalent supply-driven and top-down approach to climate services promotion, co-production emerges as a cross-cutting critical aspect of the identified priority areas. Despite the extensive research in the field, more attention is needed, particularly pronounced in the science-policy interface perspective, which in practice bridges scientific knowledge and policy decisions for effective policy processes. This perspective offers a valuable analytical lens as an entry point for further investigation. Hence, future research agendas would generate insightful evidence by scrutinizing this critical aspect given its importance to institutions and climate services capacity, to better understand intricate facets of the development and the integration of climate services into disaster risk management.

An Assessment of Procurement Risks Management Systems in the Public Sector

Risk management in public procurement is a critical aspect that needs to be addressed in the public sector.Several studies have been conducted to understand the challenges and factors influencing risk management in public procurement.These studies have explored the importance of risk management principles,the role of political influence,and the need for effective risk assessment and anticipation.The research has also highlighted the need for specific risk management mechanisms and tools to be implemented in public procurement processes.Risk management reforms in the public sector are essential but often circumvented due to assorted reasons,such as political influence and the emergence of new risks.The research investigation employs a quantitative research design.A total of 380 questionnaires were recovered from respondents.The study showed that the public sector has a procurement risk management system that is effective,but there may be some areas for improvement in the prequalification process,onboarding process,and support provided to newly onboarded suppliers.Additionally,the public sector used some strategies to mitigate and control contract risks during the procurement process,but there were some areas for improvement in the review and lessons learned process,risk mitigation measures,contract monitoring and performance evaluation mechanisms,and communication and documentation process.Finally,the results suggest that there were constraints placed on the risk management strategies currently utilized by professionals working in the public sector.These constraints include insufficient support and buy-in from senior management and stakeholders,bureaucratic or administrative hurdles,inadequate policies and regulations,insufficient training and skill development opportunities,and insufficient resources.The study highlights the significance of tackling risk management in the realm of public procurement and offers valuable perspectives on avenues for enhancement,obstacles encountered by practitioners,and the necessity of thorough evaluation and revisions.Through the adoption of the suggestions originating from this study,governmental entities can improve their procurement risk management frameworks and guarantee improved adherence to risk management principles.

Nursing Risk Management in the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis

Objective:To study the role of nursing risk management in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Methods:80 patients who underwent ERCP in our hospital from December 2023 to April 2024 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was given nursing risk management interventions and patients in the control group were given routine nursing interventions,and the patients in the two groups were compared in the incidence rate of pancreatitis and the satisfaction of nursing care.Results:The incidence of postoperative pancreatitis in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The patient satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nursing risk management after ERCP can reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis and improve patient satisfaction.

Electronic Commerce Security and Risk Management: An Important Part of College Curriculum

With the rapid expansion of e-commerce,its security and risk management problems become increasingly prominent.In the current business environment,the ability to understand and apply e-commerce security and risk management has become an important criterion to measure a good person.Therefore,the importance of e-commerce security and risk management courses in college education is self-evident.This course can not only help students master the basic knowledge of e-commerce,but also enable them to understand how to deal with various risks in practical work and ensure the safe operation of e-commerce.At the same time,through the study of e-commerce security and risk management,students can better understand the operation mode and law of e-commerce,and lay a solid foundation for their future career.In general,e-commerce security and risk management occupy an important position in the curriculum of colleges and universities,and play a crucial role in cultivating e-commerce professionals with practical operation ability and innovative thinking.

Research on Tax Risk Regulation and Strategic Management in the Context of Big Data

With the rapid development of big data,big data has been more and more applied in all walks of life.Under the big data environment,massive big data provides convenience for regional tax risk control and strategic decision-making but also increases the difficulty of data supervision and management.By analyzing the status quo of big data and tax risk management,this paper finds many problems and puts forward effective countermeasures for tax risk supervision and strategic management by using big data.

Internal Control Management and Risk Prevention Measures of State-Owned Enterprises

As an important pillar of national economic development,state-owned enterprises,their operational efficiency,and risk management ability are directly related to the stability and security of the national economy.As an important part of enterprise management,internal control management plays an irreplaceable role.Especially in the current domestic and international economic situation is complex and changeable,market competition is increasingly fierce environment,to strengthen the internal control management of state-owned enterprises and risk prevention measures is particularly important.This paper starts with the importance of internal control management and risk prevention for state-owned enterprises,and analyzes the problems and strategies in the internal control management and risk prevention of state-owned enterprises,in order to build a more comprehensive and efficient risk management system for state-owned enterprises to adapt to the ever-changing market environment and realize sustainable development.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment,expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects.However,due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved,it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction.This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects,identifies common problems encountered during construction,and proposes solutions.This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

Whole-Process Project Cost Management Based on Building Information Modeling (BIM)

The whole-process project cost management based on building information modeling(BIM)is a new management method,aiming to realize the comprehensive optimization and improvement of project cost management through the application of BIM technology.This paper summarizes and analyzes the whole-process project cost management based on BIM,aiming to explore its application and development prospects in the construction industry.Firstly,this paper introduces the role and advantages of BIM technology in engineering cost management,including information integration,data sharing,and collaborative work.Secondly,the paper analyzes the key technologies and methods of the whole-process project cost management based on BIM,including model construction,data management,and cost control.In addition,the paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of the whole-process BIM project cost management,such as the inconsistency of technical standards,personnel training,and consciousness change.Finally,the paper summarizes the advantages and development prospects of the whole-process project cost management based on BIM and puts forward the direction and suggestions for future research.Through the research of this paper,it can provide a reference for construction cost management and promote innovation and development in the construction industry.

The indispensable role of resilience in rational landslide risk management for social sustainability

Landslide disasters reflect the conflict between human society and the natural environment,posing challenges to the sustainable development of mountain regions.Identification of potential landslides,estimation of the degree of damage and potential losses of elements at risk,and control of the loss are the major tasks of landslide risk management.Resilience is defined as a social system’s comprehensive abilities to cope with disasters,including the abilities to prepare,anticipate,preserve,absorb,respond,resist,recover,mitigate,learn,and adapt.As an indispensable role,resilience enables more rational landslide risk management for social sustainability.However,quantitative landslide risk management does not pay sufficient attention to the role of resilience.Hence,in this paper,the role of resilience in a landslide risk management framework is systematically discussed.A quantita-tive landslide risk management framework consists of hazard analysis,exposure analysis,risk estimation,risk evaluation,and risk control.In hazard analysis,resilience assessment could help identify potential landslides that could cause significant damage due to the poor resilience of the elements at risk.Resilience assessment in exposure analysis might aid in identifying the most vulnerable elements or regions to certain landslides.Consid-eration of resilience in risk estimation aids in the calculation of indirect losses and improves the results of direct losses analysis.In risk evaluation,resilience as a disaster-coping ability will impact the social system’s landslide risk tolerance threshold.Enhancing resilience is an essential strategy to reduce the vulnerability of social sys-tems.We also proposed that the efficient use of risk information will increase the accuracy of landslide resilience assessments.

Enterprise Internal Control Based on Risk Management with Moutai Group as an Example

Focusing on the two themes of"internal control"and"risk management",this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the current situation of risk management and internal control of Moutai Group.It analyzes the current situation of risk management and internal control of Moutai Group.It is found that the risk management of Moutai Group is not perfect,the information exchange is not smooth,and the internal control assessment is not perfect.Finally,it puts forward some corresponding countermeasures,including establishing an effective information communication mechanism,perfecting the risk assessment system,and strengthening the construction of the professional talent team.

Climate change drives flooding risk increases in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin(YRB)has experienced severe floods and continuous riverbed elevation throughout history.Global climate change has been suggested to be driving a worldwide increase in flooding risk.However,owing to insufficient evidence,the quantitative correlation between flooding and climate change remains illdefined.We present a long time series of maximum flood discharge in the YRB dating back to 1843 compiled from historical documents and instrument measurements.Variations in yearly maximum flood discharge show distinct periods:a dramatic decreasing period from 1843 to 1950,and an oscillating gentle decreasing from 1950 to 2021,with the latter period also showing increasing more extreme floods.A Mann-Kendall test analysis suggests that the latter period can be further split into two distinct sub-periods:an oscillating gentle decreasing period from 1950 to 2000,and a clear recent increasing period from 2000 to 2021.We further predict that climate change will cause an ongoing remarkable increase in future flooding risk and an∼44.4 billion US dollars loss of floods in the YRB in 2100.

From risk management to uncertainty management: a significant change in project management

Starting with the meanings of the terms “risk” and “uncertainty,””he paper compares uncertainty management with risk management in project management. We bring some doubt to the use of “risk” and “uncertainty” interchangeably in project management and deem their scope, methods, responses, monitoring and controlling should be different too. Illustrations are given covering terminology, description, and treatment from different perspectives of uncertainty management and risk management. Furthermore, the paper retains that project risk management (PRM) processes might be modified to facilitate an uncertainty management perspective, and we support that project uncertainty management (PUM) can enlarge its contribution to improving project management performance, which will result in a significant change in emphasis compared with most risk management.

A hybrid decision support system with golden cut and bipolar q‑ROFSs for evaluating the risk‑based strategic priorities of fintech lending for clean energy projects

In the last decade,the risk evaluation and the investment decision are among the most prominent issues of efficient project management.Especially,the innovative financial sources could have some specific risk appetite due to the increasing return of invest-ment.Hence,it is important to uncover the risk factors of fintech investments and investigate the possible impacts with an integrated approach to the strategic priorities of fintech lending.Accordingly,this study aims to analyze a unique risk set and the stra-tegic priorities of fintech lending for clean energy projects.The most important contri-butions to the literature can be listed as to construct an impact-direction map of risk-based strategic priorities for fintech lending in clean energy projects and to measure the possible influences by using a hybrid decision making system with golden cut and bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets.The extension of multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis(M-SWARA)is applied for weighting the risk factors of fintech lending.The extension of elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)is employed for con-structing and ranking the risk-based strategic priorities for clean energy projects.In this process,data is obtained with the evaluation of three different decision makers.The main superiority of the proposed model by comparing with the previous models in the literature is that significant improvements are made to the classical SWARA method so that a new technique is created with the name of M-SWARA.Hence,the causality analysis between the criteria can also be performed in this proposed model.The find-ings demonstrate that security is the most critical risk factor for fintech lending system.Moreover,volume is found as the most critical risk-based strategy for fintech lending.In this context,fintech companies need to take some precautions to effectively manage the security risk.For this purpose,the main risks to information technologies need to be clearly identified.Next,control steps should be put for these risks to be managed properly.Furthermore,it has been determined that the most appropriate strategy to increase the success of the fintech lending system is to increase the number of financi-ers integrated into the system.Within this framework,the platform should be secure and profitable to persuade financiers.

Risk Assessment and Management of Alien Invasive Species Corythucha ciliata in Guangde City

Through two years of systematic investigation,it was found that Corythucha ciliata occurred in the main streets of Guangde City and spread rapidly to roads and streets of some villages and towns.The investigation found that C.ciliata could harm indigenous tree species such as Broussonetia papyrifera,and could also quickly occupy the living space of thrips,the original leaf pest of local Platanus acerifolia.Literature review also suggested that the pest would also be a potential threat to indigenous tree species,such as Rhododendron simsii Planch,Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar,etc.Guangde City,located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,was sunny,hot and dry in summer from 2021 to 2022.However,C.ciliata had no obvious diapause habits in summer,with strong adaptability.It was easy to control C.ciliata,but was difficult to eradicate the pest.According to the risk analysis index system of dangerous forest pests,the risk value of C.ciliata was determined as R=1.80,belonging to moderately dangerous pest in Guangde.Through quarantine,publicity,winter and summer management measures,the occurrence of C.ciliata was controlled to a certain extent,and the harm and transmission risk of the pest were reduced.

Online payment fraud:from anomaly detection to risk management

Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account.Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,without producing too many false alarms.This is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of fraud.In addition,classical machine learning methods must be extended,minimizing expected financial losses.Finally,fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are known.We define three models that overcome these challenges:machine learning-based fraud detection,economic optimization of machine learning results,and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering countermeasures.The models were tested utilizing real data.Our machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15%compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then rules.Optimizing the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%.These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%.Thus,the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.